Developing Frontier Cities: Global Perspectives — Regional Contexts PDF
Preview Developing Frontier Cities: Global Perspectives — Regional Contexts
Developing Frontier Cities The GeoJournal Library Volume 52 Managing Editors: Herman van der Wusten, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Olga Gritsai, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Former Series Editor: Wolf Tietze, Helmstedt, Germany Editorial Board: Paul Claval, France R.G. Crane, U.S.A. Yehuda Gradus, Israel Risto Laulajainen, Sweden Gerd Luttig, Germany Walther Manshard, Germany Osamu Nishikawa, Japan Peter Tyson, South Africa The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. Developing Frontier Cities Global Perspectives- Regional Contexts edited by HARVEY LITHWICK Negev Center for Regional Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Emeritus Professor, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada and YEHUDA GRADUS Negev Center for Regional Development, Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Negev Center for Regional Development Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-90-481-5352-7 ISBN 978-94-017-1235-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1235-4 Typeset by WordByte, P.O.B. 3102, Beer-Sheva, Israel Printed on acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording ar by any infarmation storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction The Unique Nature of Frontier Cities and their Development Challenge Harvey Lithwick and Yehuda Gradus Negev Center for Regional Development, Israel JX Part One: Frontier Urban Development in a Global Context 1. Moving Frontiers: A Local-Global Perspective Peter Nijkamp Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3 2. The Frontier Metropolis in the Twenty-First Century Derek R. Diamond London School ofE conomics and Political Science, England 27 3. Institutional Requirements for New Local, National and Multinational Planning Realities in Europe ].M. (Hans) Mastop Faculty of Policy Sciences University ofN ijmegen, The Netherlands 45 4. The Future of Frontier Cities ]oelKotek CERIS, Free University of Brussels, Belgium 65 5. Living on the Edge: Conditions of Marginality in the Canadian Urban System Larry S. Bourne University of Toronto, Canada 77 6. Innovation Networks, Dynamic Externalities and Peripheral Cities in a Global Context Niles Hansen University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A. 99 Part Two: Case Studies 7. Developing Frontier Cities: Lessons from the Cities of the Prairie Program Daniel]. Elazar Bar-Ilan University and Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, Israel 117 vi 8. Modernization and the Mobilization of Public Capital: Developing Pueblo, Colorado, 1960-1997 Stephen L. Schechter Russell Sage College, U.S.A. 141 9. Globalization and Cities in Frontier Regions: A Case Study of Northern Australia Kevin O'Connor Monash University, Australia 167 10. Competitive Advantage in Frontier Regions of Europe: Redefining the Global-Local Nexus Shirley P. Dawe University of Guelph, Canada John M. Bryden University ofA berdeen, Scotland 189 11. Alternative Models of Urban Development in Frontier Regions: The Case of Friuli, Italy Elena Saraceno Universita degli Studi di Ancona, Italy 215 12. Local Initiatives in Peripheral Areas: An Intercultural Comparison Between Two Case Studies in Brazil and Austria Walter StOhr Prof. Emeritus, University of Economics and Business Administration, Austria 233 13. The Polyurban Frontier in Post-Industrial Israel Saul B. Cohen Prof. Emeritus, Hunter College and City University of New York, U.S.A. 255 14. The Challenge of Industrial Development for Israel's Frontier Cities Harvey Lithwick and Yehuda Gradus Negev Center for Regional Development, Israel 273 15. New Egyptian Desert Cities Dona]. Stewart Georgia State University, U.S.A. 301 16. Urban Development at the Ecuador Amazon Frontier: Boom Towns or Gloom Towns Roy Ryder University of South Alabama, Mobile, U.S.A. Lawrence A. Brown Ohio State University, U.S.A. 313 Acknowledgements This book is the fourth in a series published by the Negev Center for Regional Devel opment on various aspects of frontier development. The three previous volumes include: Frontiers in Regional Development ( eds. Y. Grad us and H. Lithwick, Rowman and Littlefield, 1996); The Arid Frontier: Interactive Management of Environment and Development (eds. H. Bruins and H. Lithwick, Kluwer, 1998); and Ethnic Fron tiers and Peripheries: Landscapes of Development and Inequality in Israel ( eds. A. Meir and 0. Yiftachel, Westview, 1998). A fifth volume, by Y. Grad us and S. Krakover, on tourism in frontier regions, is in preparation. The Center was founded in large part to assist in bringing to these often neglected regions the benefit of scholarly research on a variety of subjects that are of importance to their development. While the Center's work has emphasized the application of these findings to Israel's own frontier region, where we are located, we believe that they may be applied as constructively to other frontier regions in the developing as well as the more developed countries. We would like to offer our most sincere thanks to our colleagues, the authors of the various chapters included herein, for having been both our teachers and friends. Their valuable insights have enabled us to trace a rather clear picture of a complex problem, and to identify ways to deal with it. We sincerely hope we have done justice to our interpretation of their important contributions, and that readers will be en couraged to delve further into their other works in this and related fields. Preparing a manuscript is usually the most frustrating and least rewarding of academic pastimes. We are pleased to note that such was not the case here. Our publisher, Kluwer, assigned Petra D. van Steenbergen to this project, and based on past experience, we knew we had a winner. And she was. She provided encouragement, useful criticism and most of all expedited the process from start to finish. And always with great courtesy and the highest possible level of professionalism. Herman van der Wusten, Managing Editor of the Geojournal Library at Kluwer, reviewed our original proposal with a very critical eye. As a result of his many useful sugges tions, we believe this final product is vastly improved over what we had envisioned, and we thank him for extracting the extra effort from us. All of the chapters were peer reviewed. Unfortunately, revealing the names of the reviewers could breach the confidentiality we ensured them, but they know who they are, and we want them to know how their efforts have helped make this a much better volume. For our own chapter, Rani Blustein-Livnon prepared the graphics, and we are grateful to her for her usual excellent work. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The copy editing was performed by Amiel Schotz, and the actual typesetting of the entire manuscript was done by Margo Tepper-Schotz, the two being the formi dable partnership ofWordByte Technical Publishing of Beer Sheva. Financial assistance for preparing this publication was provided by Prof. Jimmy Weinblatt, Dean of the Faculty of the Humanities and Social Sciences, and by the supporters of the Negev Center for Regional Development, including Els and Martin Wyler and the Legacy of Massad Foundation. We are grateful to all of them for their friendship and kindness. Prof Harvey Lithwick Prof Yehuda Gradus NEGEV CENTER FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Introduction The Unique Nature of Frontier Cities and their Development Challenge Harvey Lithwick and Yehuda Grad us The advent of government downsizing, and globalization has led to enormous com petitive pressures as well as the opening of new opportunities. How cities in remote frontier areas might cope with what for them might appear to be a devastating challenge is the subject of this book. Our concern is with frontier cities in particular. In our earlier study, Frontiers in Regional Development (Rowman and Littlefield, 1996), we examined the distinction between frontiers and peripheries. The terms are often used interchangeably, but we believe that in fact, both in scholarly works and in popular usage, very different connotations are conveyed by these concepts. Frontiers evoke a strong positive image, of sparsely settled territories, offering challenges, adventure, unspoiled natural land scapes, and a different, and for many an attractive life style. Frontiers are lands of opportunity. Peripheries conjure up negative images, of inaccessibility, inadequate services and political and economic marginality. They are places to escape from, rather than frontiers, which is were people escape to. Peripheries are places of and for losers. Because frontiers tend to be found in remote areas, the above distinction is not always made. We believe it is most useful to define a frontier as a distinct subset of some peripheral regions, which manifests some substantial developmental potential, broadly defined. Their frontier character derives from their being in a state of tran sition, located either on borders between countries that are subject to conflicting national interests and/or possess overlapping communities, or in as yet unfinished regions, whose potential remains to be realized. It is this very unsettled (in both senses) nature that fosters both the constraints and opportunities facing cities, large and small, in the frontier. Most analysts have emphasized that a frontier's potential was a result of its resource endowment, for mining, for agriculture, and more recently for tourism. Newer works, reported on in this volume, consider also the endowment of personal and
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