Developing an online curriculum : technologies and techniques

341 Pages·2004·15.39 MB·English

by  Lynnette R Porter

D
EVELOPING AN
O C :
NLINE URRICULUM
T
ECHNOLOGIES AND
T
ECHNIQUES
L R. P
YNNETTE ORTER
E -R A U , USA
MBRY IDDLE ERONAUTICAL NIVERSITY
Information Science Publishing
Hershey • London (cid:127) Melbourne (cid:127) Singapore
ii PORTER
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Copyright © 2004 by Idea Group Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
without written permission from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Porter, Lynnette R., 1957-
Developing an online curriculum : technologies and
techniques / Lynnette R. Porter.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 1-59140-136-4 (hardcover) -- ISBN 1-59140-137-2 (ebook)
1. Instructional systems--Design. 2. Internet in higher education.
3. Education, Higher--Effect of technological innovations on. I.
Title.
LB1028.38.P67 2003
378.1'734--dc21
2003008876
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views
expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
PREFACE iii
NEW Titles
from Information Science Publishing
(cid:127) Instructional Design in the Real World: A View from the Trenches
Anne-Marie Armstrong
ISBN: 1-59140-150-X: eISBN 1-59140-151-8, © 2004
(cid:127) Personal Web Usage in the Workplace: A Guide to Effective
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Murugan Anandarajan & Claire Simmers
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(cid:127) Social, Ethical and Policy Implications of Information Technology
Linda L. Brennan & Victoria Johnson
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(cid:127) Readings in Virtual Research Ethics: Issues and Controversies
Elizabeth A. Buchanan
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(cid:127) E-ffective Writing for e-Learning Environments
Katy Campbell
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(cid:127) Development and Management of Virtual Schools: Issues and
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Catherine Cavanaugh
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(cid:127) The Distance Education Evolution: Case Studies
Dominique Monolescu, Catherine Schifter & Linda Greenwood
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(cid:127) Distance Learning and University Effectiveness: Changing Educational
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Caroline Howard, Karen Schenk & Richard Discenza
ISBN: 1-59140-178-X; eISBN 1-59140-179-8, © 2004
(cid:127) Managing Psychological Factors in Information Systems Work: An Orientation
to Emotional Intelligence
Eugene Kaluzniacky
ISBN: 1-59140-198-4; eISBN 1-59140-199-2, © 2004
(cid:127) Developing an Online Curriculum: Technologies and Techniques
Lynnette R. Porter
ISBN: 1-59140-136-4; eISBN 1-59140-137-2, © 2004
(cid:127) Online Collaborative Learning: Theory and Practice
Tim S. Roberts
ISBN: 1-59140-174-7; eISBN 1-59140-175-5, © 2004
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iv PORTER
Dedication
To Heather and her generation of learners who must benefit from
what we create online.
PREFACE v
Developing an Online Curriculum:
Technologies and Techniques
Table of Contents
Preface................................................................................................xi
Part 1. Developing the Curriculum ....................................................1
Chapter 1. Facilitating the Online Curriculum...................................4
Variations on a Theme: Different Types of Online/
On-site Courses.........................................................................................6
Face-to-Face with Some Web-based Instruction...................................7
Web-based Instruction with Some On-site Requirements...................9
Purely Web-based Instruction....................................................................9
Pedagogical Concerns — Approaches to Course Design and
Constructivism and Behaviorism.......................................................11
Benefits of Online Education..................................................................13
Establishing a Curriculum .......................................................................16
Teaching Online........................................................................................18
Tasks for Online Teachers......................................................................20
Facilitate Individuals’ Learning ....................................................20
Form Learning Communities ........................................................21
State Expectations and Maintain Standards.............................21
Be Adaptable .....................................................................................21
Communicate Clearly and Effectively.........................................22
Enjoy Working with the Internet..................................................22
Summary......................................................................................................28
References....................................................................................................28
vi PORTER
Chapter 2. Adding a Course to the Curriculum.............................. 31
Who Plans the Curriculum?.......................................................................35
Developing an Individual Course.............................................................36
Preliminary Considerations......................................................................39
Types of Course Materials..........................................................................46
Course Content.............................................................................................47
Readings...............................................................................................49
Multimedia Files.................................................................................54
Graphics Files......................................................................................55
Streaming Audio or Video................................................................56
Offline Peripherals.............................................................................59
Activities and Assignments.......................................................................61
Evaluations or Feedback............................................................................65
Feedback about Learners, Given to Teachers or
Administrators...............................................................................65
Feedback about Learners, Given to the Learners........................66
Feedback about Teachers and the Course, Given to
Teachers or Administrators.........................................................67
Different Learners’ Needs and Expectations.........................................67
Learners with Different Physical Abilities.............................................70
Learners with Different Learning Styles.................................................71
Summary........................................................................................................74
References......................................................................................................75
Chapter 3. Updating and Developing Course Materials ............... 77
Knowing When to Update Course Materials.........................................80
Gathering New Materials...........................................................................85
Creating New Course Materials................................................................88
Activities and Assignments.......................................................................89
Writing Activities and Assignments..............................................91
Multimedia Materials........................................................................91
Simulations, Role Playing, and Problem Solving..................92
Lab Activities.......................................................................................94
Interactive Questionnaires..............................................................95
Videoconferences, Chat Sessions, and Other Synchronous
Discussions......................................................................................97
Evaluations..........................................................................................97
PREFACE vii
Descriptive Information to Help Learners Complete the Course98
Locating Materials Created by Others.................................................100
Approved Web Sites........................................................................101
Preparing to Teach a Course You Did Not Design.............................104
Familiarity with the Materials...............................................................105
Familiarity with the Technology..........................................................106
Rapid Changes in Design........................................................................108
Philosophical Differences Between You and the Designer............109
Effectively Making a Course Your Own...............................................110
Working with a Faculty Mentor.............................................................111
Summary.....................................................................................................112
References...................................................................................................113
Part 2. Implementing the Curriculum ..........................................115
Chapter 4. The Tools of the Trade.................................................117
The Teacher’s Roles as Communicator and Facilitator..................120
Asynchronous and Synchronous Communication and
Activities.................................................................................................121
Chat Rooms................................................................................................122
Office Hours......................................................................................124
Class Discussions............................................................................125
Facilitating a Chat Session...........................................................127
Class Projects....................................................................................134
Transcripts........................................................................................134
Bulletin Boards...........................................................................................139
Course Announcements................................................................141
Discussions.......................................................................................143
Faculty Bulletin Boards..................................................................144
Whiteboards...............................................................................................144
E-mail...........................................................................................................145
In-Class Mailing Lists.....................................................................147
Individual E-mail to Learners.......................................................148
Messages Among Learners...........................................................150
Volume and Quality of Messages................................................151
Preventing E-mail Flames.......................................................................152
viii PORTER
E-mail Security..........................................................................................153
Outside Mailing Lists................................................................................155
Collaborating with Other Professionals...................................156
Online Gradebook....................................................................................156
Summary.....................................................................................................158
References...................................................................................................159
Chapter 5. The Daily Work of Teaching ........................................ 160
Daily Teaching Tasks...............................................................................161
Daily and Weekly Communication......................................................162
Office Hours................................................................................................166
Lectures and Discussions........................................................................168
Facilitating Assignments........................................................................171
Collecting and Evaluating Assignments............................................173
The Importance of Flexibility with Deadlines..........................175
Testing.........................................................................................................177
Browsing the Web.....................................................................................179
Conducting Course-related Research..................................................181
Time Management...................................................................................181
Summary.....................................................................................................187
References...................................................................................................188
Chapter 6. The Aesthetics of Teaching ......................................... 189
Creating a Positive Learning Environment within Different
Times and Spaces.................................................................................190
Building Learning Communities...........................................................193
Equality in Communities........................................................................196
Problems within Learning Communities...........................................197
Ways to Overcome Problems with Learning Communities...........198
The Teacher’s Role as Facilitator...........................................................199
Responsibilities of Community Members...........................................202
Setting Up Smaller Learning Communities.......................................202
Required Group Projects..........................................................................204
Honesty and Ethics in the Classroom..................................................206
Plagiarism Software.................................................................................213
Ethics Units................................................................................................215
PREFACE ix
Summary....................................................................................................217
References...................................................................................................218
Part 3. Maintaining the Curriculum .............................................. 220
Chapter 7. Developing Support Networks ..................................222
Types of Support Networks.....................................................................223
Internal Technical Support Networks..................................................224
Official Technical Support for Students....................................225
In-Class Technical Support...........................................................226
Technical Support Networks for Teachers................................228
External Technical Support Networks.................................................229
Non-Technical Internal Support Networks for Faculty...................229
Committees......................................................................................230
Faculty Bulletin Boards and Chat Rooms..................................231
External Support Networks for Faculty................................................232
Professional Associations.............................................................234
Educational Networks and Publications...................................237
Newsgroups and Mailing Lists.....................................................244
Summary.....................................................................................................246
References...................................................................................................247
Chapter 8. Managing Programs and Faculty Concerns...............248
Five Principles for Developing an Online Curriculum.....................251
Faculty Issues.............................................................................................258
Time Allocation.........................................................................................258
Course Prep Time.............................................................................258
Course Development/Curriculum Development Time..........259
In-Class Time....................................................................................261
Compensation...........................................................................................262
Course Loads and Work Schedules.......................................................263
Access to Resources..................................................................................264
Training.......................................................................................................265
Tenure and Promotion............................................................................267
Hiring Faculty.............................................................................................270