Developing an Appropriate Contaminated Land Regime in China: Lessons Learned from the US and UK PDF
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Developing an Appropriate Contaminated Land Regime in China . Xiaobo Zhao Developing an Appropriate Contaminated Land Regime in China Lessons Learned from the US and UK XiaoboZhao SchoolofLaw ShanghaiUniversityofFinanceandEconomics Shanghai China ISBN978-3-642-31614-2 ISBN978-3-642-31615-9(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-642-31615-9 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012951399 #Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) To my beloved Mother, Xianmin Jiang, Father, Jiaguo Zhao . Acknowledgements This book is completed in Australia at the University of Western Sydney (UWS) with the financial support from the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). I wish to express my gratitude to all those people who have given me their help and encouragementduringthepreparationofthisbook. Firstofall,Iowethegreatestthankstomyprincipalsupervisor,Prof.Michael Jeffery,QC, andmyassociate supervisorProf. DonnaCraig.I’m proud ofhaving sharedmorethan3years’timewiththesetwodistinguishedseniorenvironmental lawexpertsonmywaytocompletethePhDdegree.Withouttheirtirelessguidance andvaluablesupport,Iwouldnothavecompletedthisbookintime.Iwouldliketo acknowledgetheEnvironmentalLawResearchInstitute(ELRI)ofWuhanUniver- sity,whereIfirstundertookresearchonenvironmentallawandreceivedmymaster degree.Also,IwishtoexpressmygratitudetoProf.ShuyiWang,Prof.QunDuand Pro.TianbaoQinattheWuhanUniversity,theyprovidedstrongsupportformeto competefortheCSCscholarship. IamverythankfultomanycolleaguesatUWS.Firstofall,Iowemythanksto Miss Lingling He, PhD candidate, for providing me unfailing support which prevented my academic research from becoming a solitary endeavour. My thanks alsogotoMissThillaRajaretnam andMr.BiplobKumarSaha, theyhavealways beenofgreathelpduringmystudy.Further,specialthanksalsogotoDr.HaoWang atMacquarieUniversity;discussionbetweenusshapedsomeideasofmyresearch. IwouldalsoliketothankmyfriendsDr.HongbingDengandDr.ZhaochengMaat theHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityinChina;theyarealwaysreadyforhelpand distance makes no difference. In the meantime, I am deeply appreciative of the efficientandskillfulhelpfromMs.AnkeSeyfriedandherteamatSpringer-Verlag. Fortheworktheyhavedone,thisbookcouldbepublishedearlierthanIexpected. Finally, I wish to express my heartfelt love and gratitude to my family: my mother,XianminJiang,myfather,JiaguoZhao,mysister,HuarongZhaoandmy nieceSiyiChang.Thisbookisdedicatedtothem. Shanghai,2012 XiaoboZhao vii . Preface This book is based on my doctoral thesis completed at the University of Western Sydneyandithasbeenslightlyrevisedandupdated. Landcontaminationisregardedasa‘negativeheritage’oftheIndustrialRevo- lution which began in England and subsequently spread to several developed countries in Europe, the United States and some Asian countries during the eigh- teenth and nineteenth centuries. Large-scale mining and inappropriate disposal of chemicals are considered to be the primary reasons of large-scale land contamination. Likeallindustrializedcountries,Chinaisexperiencingincreasedlandcontami- nation in recent years. Abandoned mining and manufacture sites and obsolete industrial complexes, while also creating new polluting industrial enterprises, are presentingimpendingenvironmentalthreats.Moreimportantly,anumberofsocial andeconomicproblemshavedevelopedandmustbedealtwith,insomecases,asa matterofurgencyinChina. In response, contaminated land laws or regulations have been established and have evolved in the US and UK and many other jurisdictions for decades. Regu- latoryregimesforcontaminatedlandissuesarehighlysystemicandwelldeveloped inthosecountries.Thoseregimeshavesubstantiallyinfluencedtherelevantlegis- lation in the context of numerous Asian and European countries. In comparison, legislation as a response to land contamination is a recent thing in China. Regulations and relevant environmental standards for soil protection are under developmentatboththecentralandlocalgovernmentlevels.However,considering the difficulties facing the lawmakers in developing contaminated land regulatory regimes gaps still broadly exist under China’s current legal system. This book therefore considers what China can learn from the experiences of other jurisdictions, particularly the complex legislation concerning contaminated land inthe USandUK.These two countries have developed advancedsystemsfor the controlandpreventionofcontaminatedlandproblems.Considerationoftheliabil- ity issues, the commercial issues, the relevant science and other areas such as insurance and valuation have, to some extent, also been adopted by numerous countries. ix
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