Determination of Air Quality: Proceedings of the ACS Symposium on the Determination of Air Quality held in Los Angeles, California, April 1–2, 1971

203 Pages·1972·6.27 MB·English

by  G. B. Morgan

Determination of
Air Quality
Determination of
Air Quality
Proceedings of the ACS Symposium on Determination of Air Quality
held in Los Angeles, California, April 1-2, 1971
Edited by
Gleb Mamantov
Department of Chemistry
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
and
W. D. Shults
Analytical Chemistry Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
~
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK -LONDON. 1972
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-182861
ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-8665-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-8663-0
001: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8663-0
© 1972 Plenum Press, New York
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London
A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd.
Davis House (4th Floor), 8 Scrubs Lane, Harlesden, NW10 6SE,
London, England
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the publisher
PREFACE
In arranging for this Symposium on the Determination of Air
Quality, we attempted to present much more than analytical chemi
cal information. We realized fully that much of the audience would
be interested in that type of information, but we also believed
strongly that these analytical chemists want and need to know the
fate and significance of their products, i.e., their data. Accord
ingly, the participants were drawn from numerous "disciplines" -
administrators, medical researchers, engineers, systems analysts,
and instrumental and chemical analysts. There was a corresponding
diversity of subject matter within the formal presentations.
The Symposium was conducted in three half-day sessions. The
first of these addressed the general subject of what is being done
now regarding the determination of air quality. This general sub
ject touched upon present data storage and handling activities,
surveillance networks, correlative work with health effects, and
efforts to combine (or index) several measured parameters into a
single understandable value. The second session dealt with recent
developments in the analytical methodology of air quality.
Resea~ch
and review papers were presented. The final session addressed more
avant garde topics, such as the determination of odors, the use of
electron spectroscopy for air quality studies, and the important
intersociety effort aimed at standardizing analytical procedures in
the air quality area.
The response to this symposium was gratifying. It strengthened
our belief that topical symposia can go far to improve communication
between people who are attacking a common problem, but from different
directions.
In the interest of rapid publication, each author supplied a
typed manuscript ready for photo-offset duplication. Editorial mani
pulation was minimized. We believe that rapid and enhanced multi
disciplinary communication of information through symposia of this
v
vi PREFACE
type is valuable. It means that the value of the symposium is greater
than the value of the sum of the individual pieces.
Gleb Mamantov
University of Tennessee
Wilbur D. Shults
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
CONTRIBUTORS
Lyndon R. Babcock, Jr., Department of Energy Engineering,
University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Chicago, Illinois
Lewis F. Ballard, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina
Delbert S. Barth, Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution
Control Office, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Durham,
North Carolina
F. Benson, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects Research,
Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North
Carolina
D. C. Calafiore, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects
Research, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of
Research and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency,
Durham, North Carolina
T. A. Carlson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee
Clifford E. Decker, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina
E. R. de Vera, Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, California
State Department of Public Health, Berkeley, California
Andrew Dravnieks, Odor Science Center, lIT Research Institute,
Chicago, Illinois
J. L. Durham, Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution
Control Office, Durham, North Carolina
viii CONTRIBUTORS
J. F. Finklea, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects
Research, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Research
and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Durham,
North Carolina
B. R. Fish, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee
G. G. Guilbault, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State
University, New Orleans, Louisiana
M. Guyer, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
D. I. Hammer, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects
Research, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Research
and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Durham,
North Carolina
E. R. Hendrickson, Environmental Engineering, Incorporated,
Gainesville, Florida
T. A. Hinners, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects
Research, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Research
and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Durham,
North Carolina
J. A. Hodgeson, Environmental Protection Agency, Technical
Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
S. Hsiung, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University,
New Orleans, Louisiana
L. D. Hulett, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee
W. Hussein, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University,
New Orleans, Louisiana
Julian F. Keil, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston,
South Carolina
E. L. Keitz, The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia
S. S. Kuan, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University,
New Orleans, Louisiana
O. Menis, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, D. C.
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Clinton Miller, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston,
South Carolina
T. R. Mongan, Sydney Area Transport Study, Sydney, Australia
G. B. Morgan, Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution
Control Office, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Division
of Atmospheric Surveillance, Raleigh, North Carolina
P. K. Mueller, Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, California
State Department of Public Health, Berkeley, California
W. Nelson, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects Research,
Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North
Carolina
v.
A. Newill, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects
Research, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Research
and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Durham,
North Carolina
C. Pinkerton, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects
Research, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Research
and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Durham,
North Carolina
T. C. Rains, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, D. C.
Edgar A. Rinehart, Physics Department, University of Wyoming,
Laramie, Wyoming
T. A. Rush, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, D. c.
M. H. Sada, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University,
New Orleans, Louisiana
Samuel H. Sandifer, Medical University of South Carolina,
Charleston, South Carolina
C. R. Sawicki, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
E. Sawicki, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
F. Scaringelli, Raleigh, North Carolina
x CONTRIBUTORS
C. M. Shy, Community Research Branch, Division of Effects Research,
Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Office of Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North
Carolina
Arthur C. Stern, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina
Robert K. Stevens, Environmental Protection Agency, Technical
Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
E. C. Tabor, Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution Control
Office, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Division of
Atmospheric Surveillance, Raleigh, North Carolina
R. J. Thompson, Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution
Control Office, Bureau of Air Pollution Sciences, Division
of Atmospheric Surveillance, Raleigh, North Carolina
Y. Tokiwa, Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, California
State Department of Public Health, Berkeley, California
SuzAnne Twiss, Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, California
State Department of Public Health, Berkeley, California
Philip W. West, Coates Chemical Laboratories, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
CONTENTS
Atmospheric Surveillance--Past, Present, and Future 1
G. B. Morgan, E. C. Tabor, and R. J. Thompson
Importance of Air Quality Measurements to Criteria, . . . . .
Standards, and Implementation Plans •••• 19
D. S. Barth
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Aerometric Data: Needs and Networks 25
T. R. Mongan and E. L. Keitz
A Program of Community Health and Environmental . . . . . . .
Surveillance Studies (CHESS) ••••• 41
C. M. Shy, J. F. Finklea, D. C. Calafiore,
F. Benson, W. Nelson, and V. A. Newill
Human Pollutant Burdens 49
J. F. Finklea, D. I. Hammer, T. A. Hinners,
and C. Pinkerton
Pesticide Exposure Index (PEl) • • • • • 57
J. E. Keil, J. F. Finklea, S. H. Sandifer,
and M. C. Miller
A Combined Index for Measurement of Total Air
Pollution: Effe.c .ts .o .f C.h .an .gi n.g .A .ir .Q .u a.l it.y . . . . . .
Standards 65
L. R. Babcock, Jr.
Ratio of Sulfur Dioxide to Total Gaseous Sulfur
Compounds and Ozone to Total Oxidants in
the Los Angeles Atmosphere--An Instrument
Evaluation Study •••• • • • • • 83
R. K. Stevens, J. A. Hodgeson, L. F. Ballard, and
C. E. Decker