Detergents: A glossary of terms used in the detergents industry in English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Russian, Polish, Finnish, Czech, Hungarian, Romanian, Greek, Turkish, Japanese

151 Pages·1960·14.08 MB·English

by  Gerardus Carrière

U NIVERSITIES OF
G eneva, G eorgetown, M ainz and Trieste

g l os s a r i a i nt e r p r e t um
D E T E R G E N T S
A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THE
DETERGENTS INDUSTRY
IN
ENGLISH DUTCH CZECH
FRENCH SWEDISH HUNGARIAN
SPANISH DANISH RUMANIAN
ITALIAN NORWEGIAN GREEK
PORTUGUESE RUSSIAN TURKISH
GERMAN POLISH JAPANESE
FINNISH
ELSEVIER
DETERGENTS
G L O S S A R I A
I N T E R P R E T U M
PUBLISHED BY
£ cole d ’interpretes de l’universite
DE GENEVE
AUSLANDS- UND DOLMETSCHERINSTITUT DER
JOHANNES GUTENBERG-UNIVERSITAT
MAINZ IN GERMERSHEIM
INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS
SCHOOL OF FOREIGN SERVICE
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D.C.
SCUOLA DI LINGUE MODERNE PER
TRADUTTORI ED INTERPRETI DI CONFERENZE,
UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE
UNDER THE GENERAL EDITORSHIP OF
PROF. JEAN HERBERT
FORMER CHIEF INTERPRETER OF THE UNITED NATIONS
ELSEVIER PUBLISHING COMPANY
AMSTERDAM /LONDON /NEW YORK /PRINCETON
i960
D E T E R G E N T S
A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN
THE DETERGENTS INDUSTRY
IN
ENGLISH NORWEGIAN
FRENCH RUSSIAN
SPANISH POLISH
ITALIAN FINNISH
PORTUGUESE CZECH
GERMAN HUNGARIAN
DUTCH RUMANIAN
SWEDISH GREEK
DANISH TURKISH
JAPANESE
BY
DR. G. CARRlfiRE
TECHNICAL OFFICER, N.V. UNILEVER, ROTTERDAM
ELSEVIER PUBLISHING COMPANY
AMSTERDAM /LONDON /NEW YORK /PRINCETON
i960
SOLE DISTRIBUTORS '
FOR THE UNITED STATE? OF NORTH AMERICA:
D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, INC.
120 Alexander Street, Princeton, N.J. (Principal office)
24 West 40th Street, New York 18, N. T.
FOR CANADA:
D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY
(CANADA), LTD.
25 Hollinger Road, Toronto 16
FOR THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH EXCLUDING CANADA
D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, LTD.
358 Kensington High Street, London, W.14
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 60-16596
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced
in any form (including photostatic or microfilm form)
without written permission from the publishers.
PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
BY JOH.ENSCHED6 EN ZONEN,HAARLEM
FOREWORD
Now that conferences deal with such a multitude of questions and the
attainments required of their interpreters have grown so diverse and
specialized, we feel that there is room for a series of multilingual
technical glossaries bearing on the principal subjects discussed at inter­
national conferences.
This undertaking is being supervised and co-ordinated by M. Jean
Herbert, formerly Head Interpreter of the United Nations. The purpose
of its joint sponsorship by the Interpreters’ School of Geneva University,
the Auslands- und Dolmetscherinstitut of Mainz University (Germers-
heim), the Institute of Languages and Linguistics, School of Foreign
Service, Georgetown University (Washington, D.C.) and the School
of Modern Languages for Translators and Conference-interpreters,
University of Trieste, is to emphasize the international and scientific
character of these glossaries. They are the work of language experts,
including interpreters, some of whom are teachers or alumni of the
sponsoring institutes.
The aim of these glossaries is to endow professional and apprentice
interpreters with a terminological apparatus both scientifically planned
and generally acknowledged in the various sectors of international
activity. In broader terms, their intention is to enable experts to
understand one another more readily, and to disseminate an accepted
international terminology.
Each glossary will appear in several languages, to be chosen ac­
cording to the frequency of their use at international conferences on
that particular subject.
We have set out to make the glossaries as compact and efficient as
possible.1 The usual order of terms is alphabetical, although a certain
number are specially listed by their functions.
It is hoped that several glossaries will appear annually, dealing
successively with subjects likely to arise at conferences where trained
interpreters are employed.
L* Dostert
Director, Institute of Languages and Linguistics,
Edmund A. Walsh, School of Foreign Service,
Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
S. Stelling-Michaud
Professes a la Faculty des Lettres
Administrates de Vficole d’Interpretes de V University de Geneve
Prof. Dr. Phil. K. Thieme
Direktor des Auslands- und Dolmetscherinstituts
der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz in Germersheim
Prof. Pierpaolo Luzzatto-Fegiz
Direttore della Scuola di Lingue Moderne
per Traduttori ed Interpreti di Conferenze,
Universitd degli Studi di Trieste
ABBREVIATIONS
en: English ru : Russian
fr: French pi : Polish
el: Spanish su : Finnish
it: Italian cs : Czech
pr: Portuguese ma: Hungarian
de: German ro : Rumanian
ne: Dutch he : Greek
sv: Swedish tii : Turkish
da: Danish ni : Japanese
no: Norwegian
The modern detergents industry has introduced many new terms and
specific expressions, and difficulties arise at international conferences
in choosing the appropriate phrases in the many languages used by
the participants. This has led to the setting up of various commissions
in the respective countries, entrusted with the tabulation of the nomen­
clature of surface-active agents.
It has now become possible to draw up a glossary fixing the equiva­
lents of the technical terms and phrases in a number of languages,
using to a certain extent the work done by the various national com­
missions. This highly technical task has been undertaken by Dr.
G. Carriere, a member of the Unilever staff in Rotterdam, who has
made a special study of this subject.
More limited versions in a few languages only had already been
published in the following books and periodicals, whose publishers
kindly allowed us to make use of the same material:
Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 6o9 38 (1958) & 61, 946 (1959)
Olearia 12, 207 (1958)
Soap, Perfumery and Cosmetics 31, 949 (1958)
S.P.G. Yearbooks, 1959 & i960
Oleagineux, 14, 595 (1959) & 15, 235 (i960)
Lipidos, Jul.-Dic. 1958
Nederlandse Ghemische Industrie, 1, 57? 79 & I3I (x959)
Biuletyn Institutu Przemyslu Tluszczowego, Sept.-Dee. 1959
From among the many technicians who helped him in the prepa­
ration of the present volume, Dr. Carriere wishes the contribution
of the following to be specially acknowledged:
Dr. W. Lederer and F. W. van der Ven,for Czech;
H. G. Mygind, for Danish;
F. Berry, for English;
R. Korte, E. Kalkas and T. E. Lundsten, for Finnish;
J. P. Sisley (deceased), for French',
Dr. J. Stawitz and Dr. H. Sinner, for German;
D. N. Spiliotis,/or Greek;
Z. D. Stark, for Hungarian;
Dr. G. Pozzi, Prof. G. Jacini and Prof. G. B. Martinenghi, for Italian;
Prof. S. Komori, for Japanese;
O. Arstad,ybr Norwegian;
Ing. E. Szmidtgal, M. Orzel and M. Kowalska, for Polish;
Eng. H. Pires,/or Portuguese;
R. Salzman, for Rumanian;
Prof. A. J. Petrov, Dr. F. V. Nevolin and Dr. G. J. Nikichin,
for Russian;
J. L. Salvat and J. Wiegel,/or Spanish;
B. M. Theorin and T. E. Lundsten, for Swedish;
Y. Moskopulo, for Turkish.
He must also thank his colleagues in Committee 97 of the Dutch
Normalisation Commission for permission to make use of the Dutch
terms recommended in their publication No. 3234-59.
Jean Herbert
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. General considerations............................................ i
II. Washing agent........................................................... 7
A. Introduction............................................................. 7
B. (Conventional) S oap .............................................. 11
Properties . . . . ............................... 13
Manufacture.............................................................
C. Synthetic Detergent; Non-Soap Detergent (n.s.d.);
Syndet (USA)...................................................... 17
D. Washing powders . .............................................. 18
Composition............................................................. 18
Manufacture...................................... 20
Properties . . . . • . . . 23
E. Medicinal so a p ...................................................... 26
III. Textiles..................................................... 26
IV. S k in ............................................................................. 32
V. Soil; D ir t................................................................... 36
VI. W ater.......................................................................... 40
VII. Washing process........................................................... 45
A. To soak..................................................................... 45
B. Hand laundering...................................................... 47
C. Rinsing..................................................................... 49
VIII. Evaluation of detergency............................................ 50
IX. Foam ing................................................................... 54
X. Bleaching................................................................... 60
A. Chemical bleaching.............................................. 60
B. Optical b lea ch ...................................................... 63
VOCABULARY:
English ............................................................................. 67
French............................................................................. 71
Spanish............................................................................. 75
Italian ............................................................................. 81
Portuguese..................................................................... 85
German. . .............................................................. 89
Dutch............................................................................. 93
Swedish............................................................................. 97
Danish............................................................................. 101
Norwegian..................................................................... 105
Russian............................................................................. 107
Polish............................................................................. 111
Finnish............................................................................. 115
Czech............................................................................. ” 9
Hungarian..................................................................... 123
Rumanian..................................................................... 127
Greek............................................................................. 131
Turkish............................................................................. 135
Japanese..................................................................... 139
I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
I. GÉNÉRALITÉS - I. ALLGEMEINES
1 en surface activity su pinta-aktiivinen aine
fi l’activité superficielle cs povrchně-aktivní spojení
la tensio-activité hmota půsibící na hraniční
el la actividad superficial povrch
la tensio actividad ma a nedvesitöszer
la actividad de superficie a határfelületi aktiv anyag
it l’attività superficiale ro agent de activitate
la tensioattività superficiala
pr tensio-actividade surfactant
actividade superficial agent tensio activ
de die Oberflächenaktivität he τό ενεργόν έπιφανείας
ne de oppervlakte-activiteit τό τασιενεργόν
sv ytaktivitet Ш kapılar aktif cisim
da overfladeaktivite t ni hyõmen-kasseizai
no overflateaktivitet
ru поверхностная активность 3 en anionics
pi aktywność powierzchniowa fr les composés anioniques
su pinta-aktiivisuus el los compuestos aniónicos
CS aktivita povrchu it i composti anionici
ma a felületi feszültség pr (compostos) aniónicos
ro activitatea superficiala de die anionaktiven Verbin­
tensio activitatea dungen
he ή έπιφανειακή ενέργεια ne de anionactieve stoffen
tu kapılar aktivitě sv anjonaktiva föreningar
ni hyõmen-kassei da anionaktive stoffer
no anionaktive forbindelser
2 en Surfactant ru анионактивные соединения
surface active agent pl środki anionoaktywne
interfacially active agent środki anionowo czynne
su anioniaktiiviset pesuaineet
le surfactif cs anioaktivní sloučeniny
l’agent de surface ma az anionaktiv anyag
le surfactant ro substante anionice
el el agente tensoactivo he τά άνιονικά
el agente de superficie tű anion cinsi bileşikler
it l’agente tensioattivo ni in-ion (sei) kaimen-kasseizai
pr agente tensio-activo
surfactante 4 en cationics
de die oberflächenaktive fr les composés cationiques
Verbindung el los compuestos catiónicos
der grenzflächenaktive Stoff it i composti cationici
ne de oppervlakte-actieve stof pr (compostos) catiónicos
de grensvlak-actieve stof de die kationaktiven Substanzen
sv ytaktiv substans ne de kationactieve stoffen
da overfladeaktivt stof sv katjonaktiva föreningar
no overflateaktivt stoff da kationaktive stoffer
ru поверхностно-активное no kationaktive forbindelser
вещество ru катионактивные соединения
pl środek powierzchniowo- pl środki kationoaktywne
czynny środki kationowo czynne