Detailing for Steel Construction

354 Pages·2009·13.33 MB·English

DETAILING
FOR STEEL
CONSTRUCTION
THIRD EDITION
U T E OF
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DETAILING
F S C
OR TEEL ONSTRUCTION
Third Edition
Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page 2
AISC © 2009
by
American Institute of Steel Construction
ISBN 1-56424-059-2
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof
must not be reproduced in any form without the
written permission of the publisher.
The AISC logo is a registered trademark of AISC.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for gen-
eral information only. While it is believed to be accurate,this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific applica-
tion without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy,suitability,and applicability by a licensed professional
engineer,designer,or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on
the part of the American Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein,that this information is suitable for any gen-
eral or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all li-
ability arising from such use.
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by refer-
ence herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition. The Institute
bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of
this edition.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing:August 2009
Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page 3
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION
The purpose of the Third Edition of Detailing for Steel Construction is to update the Second
Edition to be consistent with the most current AISC publications. In particular,this edition refer-
ences the following:
2005 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
2005 AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
By,the AISC Committee on Manuals and Textbooks,
William A. Thornton,Chairman Barry L. Barger,Vice-Chairman
Charles J. Carter Harry Cole
Robert O. Disque Marshall T. Ferrell
Lanny J. Flynn Mark V. Holland
William R. Lindley II Leonard R. Middleton
Thomas Murray Charles R. Page
Davis G. Parsons II David T. Ricker
Victor Shneur Marc Sorenson
Scott Undershute Gary C. Violette
Michael A. West
Christopher M. Hewitt,Secretary
and its Adjunct Subcommittee on Detailing
Robert Beauchamp Keith Burnham
Hugh Dobbie,Sr. William G. Dyker
Robert H. Englert,Jr. Michael I. Gilmor
John T. Linn David L. McKenzie
David E. Morris John G. Shaw
Kenneth Voelte Bill Duncan
John Quinn
in coordination with the following NISD members,who developed the figures for this book.
Robert Beauchamp Annemarie Bristow
Charles E. Blier Florian Lebrasseur
John Linn Tony Poulin
Maurice Roy Michel Villemure
The committee also gratefully acknowledges the following people for their contributions to this book:
Michel Cloutier,Harry A. Cole,Timothy Egan,Areti Carter,Louis Geschwindner,Keith Grubb,
John L. Harris, Chris Harms, Cynthia Lanz, Keith Mueller, Janet S. Tuegel, Jerry Loberger,
Thomas J. Schlafly,William Segui,Mark A. Snyder,Ramulu S.Vinnakota,and John Wong.
Detailing for Steel Construction • Preface-3
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 Double Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-15
The Construction Process and the Detailer’s Role . . . . .1-1 Column Splice Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-15
Raw Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Column Splice Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-15
Characteristics of Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4 Column Splice Height at Perimeter Columns/
Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4 Perimeter Safety Cable Attachments . . . . . . .2-16
Specifications for Structural Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5 Joist Stabilizer Plates at Columns . . . . . . . . . . . .2-16
Steel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6 Joists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-17
Mill Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6 Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings . . . . . . . . .2-17
Calculation of Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6
CHAPTER3 Common Connection Details . . . . . . .3-1
Bills for Shipping and Invoicing Finished Parts . . . . . . .1-7
CNC Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7 Types of Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
Fabricating Structural Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10 ASTM A325 and A490 High-Strength Bolts . . . .3-1
Material Handling and Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10 ASTM F1852 Twist-Off-Type Tension-Control
Template Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11 Bolts and Alternative Design Fasteners . . . . . .3-1
Laying Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11 ASTM A307 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
Punching and Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11 Forces in Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1
Straightening,Bending,Rolling and Cambering . . . . .1-12 Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
Fitting and Reaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12 Bearing in Bolted Shear Connections . . . . . . . . . .3-5
Fastening Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13 Edge Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13 Snug-Tightened and Pretensioned Bearing
Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13 Slip-Critical Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
Machine Shop Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14 Tension Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Cleaning and Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14 Joints with Fasteners in Combined Shear and
Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14 Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Bearing Connections in Combined Tension and
CHAPTER2 Contract Documents and the Detailing
Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1
Slip-Critical Connections in Combined Tension
A New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1 and Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1 Beam Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Contract Between the Fabricator and the Customer . . . .2-2 Common Bolted Shear Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9
Plans and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6 Double-Angle Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9
Design Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6 Shear End-Plate Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
Engineering Design Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7 Seated Beam Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11
Types of Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7 Unstiffened Seated Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11
Column Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7 Stiffened Seated Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13
Distribution of Plans and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Single-Plate Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15
Steel Detailing Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9 Single-Angle Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15
Contract Document Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11 Tee Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
Detailing Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11 Forces in Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
Specification and Code Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12 Forces in Concentrically Loaded Fillet Welds . .3-17
OSHA Safety Regulations for Steel Erection . . . . . . . .2-12 Limitations on Length and Size of Fillet
Scope of the Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12 Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12 Strength of Connected Material . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-21
Tripping Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12 Forces in Complete-Joint-Penetration Groove
Roof and Floor Holes and Openings . . . . . . . . . .2-12 Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23
Column Anchor Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14 Forces in Partial-Joint-Penetration Groove
Minimum Erection Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14 Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24
Detailing for Steel Construction • TOC-5
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Common Welded Shear Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24 Clearance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4
Double-Angle Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-25 Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4
Cases I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-25 Systems of Sheet Numbers and Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4
Cases II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-25 Sheet Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Cases III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-25 Shipping and Erection Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Designs of Double-Angle Connections . . . . . . .3-27 Assembly Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Cases I and II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 Right- and Left-Hand Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Cases III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 As-Shown and Opposite-Hand Columns . . . . . . .4-6
Seated Beam Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 Details on Right and Left Columns . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
Unstiffened Seated Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 Steel Detailing Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9
Stiffened Seated Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-29 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9
End-Plate Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9
Single-Plate Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9
Single-Angle Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-31 Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
Tee Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-31 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
Connections Combining Bolts and Welds . . . . . . . . . .3-31 Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11
Selecting Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-31 Joint Prequalification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12
Shear Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-31 Welding Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
Framed and Seated Connections—Bolted . . . . .3-33 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) . . . . . . . .4-13
Framed Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
Seated Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
Shop Welded,Field Bolted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
Framed and Seated Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33 Electrogas Welding (GMAW-EG) or
Framed and Seated Connections—Field (FCAW-EG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33 Electroslag Welding (ESW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-35 Stud Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-37 Resistance Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-37 Welding Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
Offset and Skewed Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-39 Weld Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16
Moment Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-39 Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16
Column Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-42 Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16
Bearing on Finished Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-43 Plug and Slot Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-20
HSSColumns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-45 Fillet Welds in Holes and Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21
Truss Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-45 Welding Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-21
Truss Panel Point Connections—Welded Economy in Selection of Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22
Trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-45 Welding Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22
Connection Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-47 Shop Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22
Amount of Weld Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-47 Shop Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-29
Truss Chord Splices—Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-48 Partial-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds . . . . . . .4-31
Top Chord Connection to Column . . . . . . . . . . .3-50 Stud Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-32
Bottom Chord Connection to Column . . . . . . . .3-51 Shop Plug and Slot Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-33
Shims and Fillers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-52 Field Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-33
Nondestructive Testing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-33
CHAPTER4 Basic Detailing Conventions . . . . . . .4-1
Other Welding and Testing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34
Good Detailing Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1 Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34
General Drawing Presentation and Drafting Galvanizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-35
Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1 Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel . . . . . . . . . . .4-39
Material Identification and Piece Marking . . . . . .4-2 Special Fabricated Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-40
Advance Bills of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2 OSHA Safety Requirements and Avoiding
Shop Bills of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2 Unerectable Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-40
Beam and Column Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
CHAPTER5 Project Set-Up and Control . . . . . . . .5-1
Bolting and Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
Shop and Field Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4 Pre-Construction Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1
TOC-6 • Detailing for Steel Construction
Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page 7
Project-Specific Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Column Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20
Coordination with Other Trades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Column Details—Bolted Construction . . . . . . . .7-20
Advance Bill for Ordering Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Column Details—Welded Construction . . . . . . .7-24
Advance Bill Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6 Unstiffened Seat Details—Bolted . . . . . . . . . . . .7-25
Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6 Stiffened Seat Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-27
Welded Girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7 Beams and Girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-29
Trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7 Connection Angle Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-30
Beams,Purlins and Girts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7 Beam Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-32
Detail Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 Cutting for Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-32
Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-32
HSSProducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 Shipping Marks,Billing and Notes . . . . . . . . . . .7-34
Rails and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 Typical Framed Beam Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-34
Miscellaneous Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 Dimensioning to Channel Webs . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-36
Rolling and Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 Use of Extension Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-36
Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel Framed Connections to Columns—Bolted . . . . .7-39
(AESS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 Seat Details—Bolted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-39
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9 Typical Framed Beam Connections—Welded . .7-40
Detailing Kick-off Meeting Sample Agenda . . . . . . . . .5-9 Seat Details—Welded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-42
Other Types of Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-42
CHAPTER6 Erection Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1
Shear End-Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-42
Erection Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1 Single Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-42
Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4 Single Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-42
Special Instructions for Mill (Industrial) Tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-44
Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5 Camber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-44
Special Instructions for Tier Buildings . . . . . . . . .6-5 Wall-Bearing Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-44
Method of Giving Field Instructions . . . . . . . . . . .6-5 Trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-45
Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5 Types of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-45
Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5 Typical Detailing Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-46
Locating Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6 General Arrangement of Details . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-46
Field Alterations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9 Layout and Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-46
Temporary Support of Structural Steel Frames . . . . . . .6-9 Symmetry and Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-49
Erection Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10 Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-50
Erection Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10 Camber in Trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-50
Lifting Lugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-11 Bottom Chord Connection to Column . . . . . . . .7-50
Column Lifting Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-11 Stitch Fasteners and Welded Fills . . . . . . . . . . . .7-51
Column Stability and Alignment Devices . . . . . .6-12 Bracing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-52
Single-Plate,Single-Angle and Tee Connections . . . . .6-12 Shop-Welded – Field-Bolted Construction . . . . .7-52
Matchmarking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-12 Truss Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-52
Pretension (Draw) in Tension Bracing . . . . . . . .7-56
CHAPTER7 Shop Drawings and Bills
Vertical Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-58
of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
Double-Angle Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-58
Anchor Rod and Embedment Plans and Associated Knee Brace Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-58
Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1 Shop-Welded – Field-Welded Construction . . . .7-58
Anchor Rod Plans and Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1 Shop-Bolted – Field-Bolted Construction . . . . .7-62
Base Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-14 Skewed,Sloped and Canted Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-64
Anchor Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-14 Built-up Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-64
Grillage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-16 Crane Runway Girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-64
Embedded Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-16 Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-67
Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-18 Roof Columns—Light Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-67
Drawing Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-18 Crane and Roof Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-69
Column Faces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-19 Roof and Wall Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-69
Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-19 Purlins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-69
Combined Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20 Eave Struts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-71
Detailing for Steel Construction • TOC-7
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Girt Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-72 Tension Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
Field Bolt Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-74 Compression Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2
Nonstructural Steel Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-78 Bending Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2
Detailing Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-78 Loads (Classified by Origin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-6
Dimensional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-78 Dead Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-6
Bills of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-78 Live Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-6
Missing Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-78 Other Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-8
Clearance for Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-78 Loads (Classified by Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-8
Clearance for Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-80 Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-8
Clearance for Field Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-80 Internal Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-10
Other Detailing Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-83 Trusses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-10
Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-10
CHAPTER8 Detailing Quality Control and
Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-16
Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1
Engineering Properties of Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-18
Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1 Load and Resistance Factor Design:LRFD . . . . . . . . .B-19
Back-Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-23
Approval of Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2
Fit Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2 APPENDIXC Electronic Data Exchange . . . . . . .C-1
Maintenance of Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3 Direct Benefits of Information Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
Contract Document Control/Revisions . . . . . . . . .8-3 Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
Shop and Field Document Control/Revisions . . . .8-6 Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .References-1
Where We Are Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
APPENDIXA Large Format Drawings . . . . . . . . .A-1 APPENDIXD SI Units for Structural
Steel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1
APPENDIXB Engineering Fundamentals . . . . . . .B-1
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1 GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Glossary-1
Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Index-1
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An overview of the structural steel design and construction process,common references,
structural materials,fabrication,and erection.
THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND tor,whose responsibility it will be to accurately fabricate the
THE STEEL DETAILER’S ROLE various structural steel components for on-time delivery to
the job site to meet the contractor’s construction schedule.
When you look at the outside of a building,what you see is its The fabricator is responsible to the owner,the owner’s agent,
facade or “skin.” Behind that facade (which may be brick, or a general contractor and has a duty to keep these parties
concrete,glass,metal panels,stone or a combination thereof) fully informed of all changes that impact a project’s cost and
is a frame or “skeleton” consisting of steel, concrete, ma- schedule. The AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel
sonry,wood or a combination of these materials. This book Buildings and Bridges (AISC, 2005a), hereafter referred to
will address structural steel detailing—the preparation of as the AISC Code of Standard Practice,the standard of cus-
drawings for the fabrication and erection of this frame. tom and usage for structural steel fabrication and erection,
Traditionally, the steel construction team consists of the stipulates in Section 9.3 the procedures the fabricator and
owner, architect, engineer, contractor, fabricator, steel de- erector are expected to follow in response to revisions to the
tailer,erector and inspectors. Sometimes,the team includes a contract documents.
construction manager, who represents the owner and is re- A person who prepares shop drawings for a steel fabrica-
sponsible for having the project completed on time and within tor is known as a steel detailer. Steel detailers use the design
budget. There are several ways that an owner may choose to drawings and specifications made by the structural engineer
structure a contract with the steel construction team to de- to prepare shop and erection drawings for each piece of a
liver a project. The most typical approach,known as Design- project that their employer has agreed to furnish. In other
Bid-Build is described here. Another popular approach called words,the steel detailer translates design data into information
Design-Build will be described later in this text. that the fabricator and erector need to actually build the struc-
When an owner decides a building is needed to serve their ture. The steel detailer may be either an employee or a subcon-
purposes, they usually contact an architect. The owner and tractor of the fabricator. To prepare shop and erection drawings
architect meet to discuss the function of the building, what the steel detailer works closely with the owner’s designated
the shape and size of the structure should be, how the inte- representative for design (ODRD)—normally the structural
rior should adapt to the proposed usage, and how the exte- engineer of record (SER)—who reviews and approves the
rior of the building should appear. The architect prepares a shop and erection drawings.
set of plans and specifications to show and describe all the At the job site a steel erector receives the material from
features of the building discussed with the owner—the layout the fabricator and places it in the proper location in the build-
and dimensions of the interior spaces,the types of materials ing. The erector may work for either the general contractor
to be used, the colors of the interior and exterior, and the or the steel fabricator. Besides erecting the steel members,
details of the skin. The architect then selects a structural en- the erector must plumb and properly align the structure,ensur-
gineer to design the supporting structure. The structural ing that all joints fit properly and welds are made and bolts in-
engineer determines forces in the components of the support- stalled according to industry standards and specifications.
ing structure,sizes elements to resist these forces,and devel- Throughout the process of constructing a building, inspec-
ops design details of connections. tors may check the materials and workmanship at the job site,
The owner also selects a general contractor to construct and in the shops of the various subcontractors.
the building; the selection method is discussed in Chapter 2. The steel detailer has a key role in this process,and it is
The general contractor is responsible for constructing the extremely important that the steel detailer’s work be per-
structure according to plans and specifications and for deliv- formed completely and accurately. The steel detailer’s work is
ering the building to the owner for occupancy on schedule performed early in the construction process and used subse-
and within budget. To do this,the general contractor awards quently by members of the steel construction team and by
several portions of the building to pertinent subcontractors— other subcontractors. Errors can endanger the structure and
HVAC,plumbing,electrical,masonry,foundation,structural cause expense to the fabricator.
steel,roofing and others. The general contractor coordinates The steel detailer must be familiar with the fabricator’s
the requirements and efforts of these and other related trades. practices and equipment in the shop. Also,the steel detailer
The structural steel subcontract is awarded to a steel fabrica- must know what size and weight limits the erector can handle
Detailing for Steel Construction • 1-1