Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam PDF
Preview Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam
rogers.book Page i Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM Destiny’s Landfall rogers.book Page ii Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM rogers.book Page iii Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM A HISTORY OF GUAM ROBERT F. ROGERS UNIVERSITY OF HA W AI‘I PRESS, HONOLULU rogers.book Page iv Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM © 1995 University of Hawai‘i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 00 99 98 97 96 95 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rogers, Robert F. Destiny’s landfall: a history of Guam / Robert F. Rogers. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0–8248–1616–1 (acid-free paper). ISBN 0–8248–1678–1 (pbk.) 1. Guam—History. I. Title. DU647.R63 1995 996.7—dc20 94–25845 CIP University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources Designed by Kenneth Miyamoto rogers.book Page v Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM Contents Maps and Tables vi Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Prologue Center of the First Province 1 1 Aliens 1521–1638 5 2 The Place of Before Time Ancestors 1638–1662 21 3 Father San Vitores 1662–1672 41 4 The Spanish Conquest 1672–1698 58 5 Oasis in the Ocean 1698–1800 74 6 Twilight of Pax Hispanica 1800–1898 88 7 The Anglo-Saxon Way 1898–1903 108 8 Ordered Tranquility 1903–1918 127 9 The Quest for Identity 1918–1941 144 10 The Way of the Samurai 1941–1944 163 11 Return of the Americans 1944–1945 182 12 Gibraltar of the American Lake 1945–1950 204 13 Under the Organic Act 1950–1970 224 14 Ocean Chrysalis 1970–1980 245 15 Unfinished Quests 1980–1990 265 Appendix Chief Executives of Guam 1668–1990 291 Abbreviations 295 Notes 299 Glossary 343 Bibliography 349 Index 369 v rogers.book Page vi Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM Maps and Tables MAPS Mariana Islands 3 Guam, likely landing places by Magellan, 1521 8 The first map of the Mariana Islands 9 Routes of the Spanish galleons 17 Hypothetical occupation of Micronesia since 4000 b.c. 25 Hypothetical occupation of Micronesia since 2000 b.c. 26 Hypothetical occupation of Micronesia since 1000 b.c. 27 Hypothetical occupation of Micronesia since a.d. 1 28 López map of Guam, 1700 64 Japanese invasion of Guam, 10 December 1941 166 U.S. invasion of Guam, 21 July 1944 183 Federal and military lands on Guam, 1950–1990 231 Guam in the 1980s 278 TABLES Order of battle on Guam, 1944 182 Population of Guam, 1940–1990 273 vi rogers.book Page vii Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM Illustrations Chamorros trading with a Spanish galleon, 1590 18 Earliest known picture of a Chamorro, 1590 30 Chamorro proa 32 House of Taga with latte 35 Mariana of Austria 46 The martyrdom of Father San Vitores 56 Man of the island of Guam 86 Women of Umatac, 1828 93 Mayor, peasant, and hunter of Umatac, 1828 94 Padre Palomo 103 Captain Henry Glass, U.S.N. 111 Lt. William Edwin Safford, U.S.N. 118 Chamorro family hulling rice, early 1900s 128 Mouth of the Agana River, 1918 141 Guam seal 142 Governor Bradley signing Bill of Rights, 1930 150 Portrait of Willis W. Bradley, Jr. 151 First Pan American passenger landing in Apra Harbor, 1936 154 Marines under fire, Asan Beachhead, 1944 186 Marines raising U.S. flag on Guam, 1944 187 Marines find plaque of prewar Marine Barracks 188 Bordallo family after fleeing concentration camp 191 U.S. military commanders on Guam, December 1944 196 vii rogers.book Page viii Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM viii Illustrations Bishop Baumgartner and Governor Pownall, 1948 213 President Truman signing the Guam Organic Act, 1950 222 Governor and Mrs. Manuel Guerrero 243 Antonio Borja Won Pat 261 Elected governors of Guam 282–283 People of Guam, 1990 286–287 rogers.book Page ix Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM Acknowledgments This book is intended primarily for students in undergraduate college courses in the history and governments of the Pacific region. The book was researched, written, and published independently of any Guam governmental, foundation, or business involvement, and at no cost to any Guam taxpayer through grants or funding other than the author’s salary as a full-time teacher at the University of Guam. The following experts and friends graciously reviewed chapters or contrib- uted material and insights to improve the book’s accuracy; their help was invaluable: Dirk A. Ballendorf Frank H. Kilmer Paul J. Bordallo Frank P. King Omaira Brunel-Perry Hiro Kurashina Oscar L. Calvo Juan M.H. Ledesma Bruce Campbell Arnold H. Leibowitz Curt Coe Rodrique Lévesque Ulla-Katrina Craig Thomas B. McGrath Theodore M. Critchfield Gail S. Mullen Lawrence J. Cunningham Joe Murphy Marjorie G. Driver Kathleen R. Owings Don A. Farrell Antonio M. Palomo Harry A. Gailey Florentino Rodao Catherine S. Gault Carlos P. Taitano John N. Holbrook Charles H. Troutman Francis X. Hezel William L. Wuerch Rosalind L. Hunter-Anderson Richard H. Wyttenbach Bruce G. Karolle I am deeply grateful to Lois Perez for word processing the text of the book innumerable times, to Pramila Sullivan for deciphering the nerdish intricacies of the DOS computer system for me, and to the fol- ix rogers.book Page x Monday, November 26, 2001 11:06 AM x Acknowledgments lowing staff of the Micronesian Area Research Center for their unfail- ing courtesy and help: Emilie G. Johnston, John P. Sablan, Elaine Concepcion, Rosita A. Hatfield, Rose Tosco, La Vonne Guerrero- Meno, Cecilia L. Salvatore, and Douglas E. Haynes. The maps, unless otherwise noted, were crafted by Philip A. Noble of Talisai Studio & Gallery, Guam.
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