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Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes PDF

576 Pages·2013·40.4 MB·English
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Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes analysis methods, required veriications, and other issues that are included in the codes. the required veriications for sections and members at ultimate and serviceability limit states, categories, and fatigue veriications for structural steel, reinforcement, concrete, and shear Ioannis Vayas and Aristidis Iliopoulos Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes Ioannis Vayas and Aristidis Iliopoulos A SPON PRESS BOOK CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130809 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-5745-1 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com To my father Dinos Ioannis Vayas To my mother Maria Aristidis Iliopoulos Contents Foreword xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi Authors xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 List of symbols 2 2 Types of steel–concrete composite bridges 13 2.1 General 13 2.2 Composite bridges: The concept 14 2.3 Highway bridges 16 2.3.1 Plate-girder bridges with in situ concrete deck slab 16 2.3.2 Plate-girder bridges with semiprecast concrete deck slab 18 2.3.3 Plate-girder bridges with fully precast concrete deck slab 22 2.3.4 Plate-girder bridges with composite slab deck with proile steel sheeting 23 2.3.5 Plate-girder bridges with partially prefabricated composite beams 26 2.3.6 Double-girder bridges 27 2.3.6.1 Ladder deck bridges 29 2.3.7 Bridges with closed box girders 31 2.3.8 Open-box bridges 34 2.3.9 Arch bridges 40 2.3.10 Cable-stayed bridges 43 2.3.11 Suspension bridges 46 2.4 Railway bridges 47 2.4.1 General 47 2.4.2 Half-through bridges 48 2.4.3 Plate-girder bridges 49 2.4.4 Box-girder bridges 50 2.4.5 Filler-beam bridges 51 2.4.6 Pipe-girder bridges 51 vii viii Contents 2.4.7 Arch bridges 51 2.4.8 Lattice girder bridges 52 2.5 Construction forms 52 2.5.1 General 52 2.5.2 Simply supported bridges 53 2.5.3 Continuous bridges 53 2.5.4 Frame bridges 54 2.5.5 Integral and semi-integral bridges 55 2.6 Erection methods 57 2.6.1 General 57 2.6.2 Lifting by cranes 57 2.6.3 Launching 57 2.6.4 Shifting 59 2.6.5 Hoisting 59 2.6.6 Segmental construction 59 2.7 Concreting sequence 59 2.8 Execution 61 2.9 Innovation in composite bridge engineering 62 References 63 3 Design codes 67 3.1 Eurocodes 67 3.1.1 General 67 3.1.2 EN 1990: Basis of structural design 69 3.1.3 EN 1991: Actions on structures 70 3.1.4 EN 1998: Design of structures for earthquake resistance 70 3.1.5 EN 1994: Design of composite steel and concrete structures 70 3.1.6 EN 1993: Design of steel structures 70 3.1.7 EN 1992: Design of concrete structures 71 3.2 National annexes 71 References 71 4 Actions 73 4.1 Classiication of actions 73 4.1.1 Permanent actions 73 4.1.2 Variable actions 73 4.1.3 Accidental actions 73 4.1.4 Seismic actions 74 4.1.5 Speciic permanent actions and effects in composite bridges 74 4.1.6 Creep and shrinkage 75 4.1.7 Actions during construction 75 4.2 Trafic loads on road bridges 75 4.2.1 Division of the carriageway into notional lanes 75 4.2.2 Vertical loads on the carriageway 76 4.2.2.1 Load model 1 (LM1) 76 4.2.2.2 Load model 2 (LM2) 78 Contents ix 4.2.2.3 Load model 3 (LM3) 79 4.2.2.4 Load model 4 (LM4) 79 4.2.3 Vertical loads on footways and cycle tracks 80 4.2.4 Horizontal forces 80 4.2.4.1 Braking and acceleration forces 80 4.2.4.2 Centrifugal forces 81 4.2.5 Groups of trafic loads on road bridges 83 4.3 Actions for accidental design situations 83 4.3.1 Collision forces from vehicles moving under the bridge 83 4.3.1.1 Collision of vehicles with the sofit of the bridge, for example, when tracks are higher than the clear height of the bridge 83 4.3.1.2 Collision of vehicles on piers 83 4.3.2 Actions from vehicles moving on the bridge 83 4.3.2.1 Vehicles on footways or cycle tracks up to the position of the safety barriers 83 4.3.2.2 Collision forces on kerbs 85 4.3.2.3 Collision forces on safety barriers 86 4.3.2.4 Collision forces on unprotected structural members 87 4.4 Actions on pedestrian parapets and railings 87 4.5 Load models for abutments and walls in contact with earth 88 4.5.1 Vertical loads 88 4.5.2 Horizontal loads 88 4.6 Trafic loads on railway bridges 89 4.6.1 General 89 4.6.2 Vertical loads 89 4.6.2.1 Load model 71 89 4.6.2.2 Load models SW/0 and SW/2 90 4.6.2.3 Load model “unloaded train” 91 4.6.2.4 Eccentricity of vertical loads (load models 71 and SW/0) 91 4.6.2.5 Longitudinal distribution of concentrated loads by the rail and longitudinal and transverse distribution by the sleepers and ballast 91 4.6.2.6 Transverse distribution of actions by the sleepers and ballast 91 4.6.3 Dynamic effects (including resonance) 92 4.6.4 Horizontal forces 95 4.6.4.1 Centrifugal forces 95 4.6.4.2 Nosing force 99 4.6.4.3 Actions due to traction or braking 100 4.6.5 Consideration of the structural interaction between track and superstructure 100 4.6.6 Other actions and design situations 102 4.6.7 Groups of loads 102 4.7 Temperature 103 4.7.1 General 103

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