Design of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings based on the 2009 IBC®, ASCE/SEI 7-05, ACI 318-08

384 Pages·2009·5.373 MB·English

by  David A. Fanella

Design of Low-Rise Reinforced
Concrete Buildings
Based on the 2009 IBC®, ASCE/SEI 7-05, ACI 318-08
David A. Fanella, Ph.D., S.E., P.E., F.ASCE
Design of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Based on the 2009 IBC, ASCE/SEI 7-05, ACI 318-08
ISBN: 978-1-58001-797-8
Cover Design: DuaneAcoba
Manager of Development: John Henry
Project Editor: Jodi Tahsler
Publications Manager: Mary Lou Luif
Typesetting: Cheryl Smith
COPYRIGHT © 2009
CoverphotocourtesyofPortlandCementAssociation.
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First Printing:September 2009
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION....................................................................... 1-1
1.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 SCOPE ...................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 1-4
CHAPTER 2 – FLOOR SYSTEMS .................................................................... 2-1
2.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................ 2-1
2.3 FLOOR SYSTEMS .................................................................................... 2-2
2.3.1 Flat Plate System ............................................................................ 2-2
2.3.2 Flat Slab System ............................................................................. 2-6
2.3.3 Beam-Supported Slab System ........................................................ 2-8
2.3.4 One-Way Joist System .................................................................... 2-9
CHAPTER 3 – LATERAL SYSTEMS ................................................................ 3-1
3.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 RESPONSE OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS TO LATERAL FORCES ........... 3-1
3.2.1 Response to Wind Forces ............................................................... 3-1
3.2.2 Response to Earthquake Forces ..................................................... 3-3
3.3 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY ................................................................ 3-4
3.4 LATERAL-FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEMS ............................................... 3-5
3.4.1 Bearing Wall Systems ..................................................................... 3-9
3.4.2 Building Frame Systems ............................................................... 3-10
3.4.3 Moment-resisting Frame Systems.................................................3-11
3.4.3 Shear Wall-Frame Interactive Systems ......................................... 3-11
3.4.5 Dual Systems ................................................................................ 3-12
3.5 HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF LATERAL FORCES ......................... 3-12
3.5.1 Diaphragm Flexibility ..................................................................... 3-13
3.5.2 Stiffness of Lateral-force-resisting Elements ................................. 3-14
3.5.3 Distribution of Lateral Forces ........................................................ 3-21
CHAPTER 4 – DESIGN AND DETAILING FOR SDCS A AND B. .................... 4-1
4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Design and Detailing ....................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Load Combinations ......................................................................... 4-2
4.1.3 Materials ......................................................................................... 4-4
4.2 MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING ................................................... 4-4
4.2.1 Beams and One-way Slabs ............................................................. 4-4
4.2.2 Two-way Slabs .............................................................................. 4-34
4.3 MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING AND AXIAL FORCES .............. 4-55
4.4 WALLS.....................................................................................................4-60
4.5 FOOTINGS .............................................................................................. 4-69
4.6 EXAMPLES ............................................................................................. 4-78
4.6.1 Example 4.1—Four-story Residential Building .............................. 4-78
4.6.2 Example 4.2—One-story Retail Building ..................................... 4-119
CHAPTER 5 – DESIGN AND DETAILING FOR SDC C ................................... 5-1
5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 5-1
5.1.1 Design and Detailing ....................................................................... 5-1
5.1.2 Load Combinations ......................................................................... 5-1
5.1.3 Materials ......................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.4 Anchoring to Concrete .................................................................... 5-1
5.2 MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING ................................................... 5-1
5.2.1 Beams ............................................................................................. 5-1
5.2.2 Two-way Slabs without Beams ..................................................... 5-11
5.3 MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING AND AXIAL FORCES .............. 5-13
5.4 EXAMPLES ............................................................................................. 5-20
5.4.1 Example 5.1 – Four-story Residential Building..............................5-20
5.4.2 Example 5.2 – One-story Retail Building ....................................... 5-45
CHAPTER 6 – DESIGN AND DETAILING FOR SDCS D, E AND F ................. 6-1
6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Design and Detailing ....................................................................... 6-1
6.1.2 Load Combinations and Strength Reduction Factors ...................... 6-1
6.1.3 Materials ......................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.4 Mechanical and Welded Splices ..................................................... 6-2
6.1.5 Anchoring to Concrete .................................................................... 6-2
6.2 FLEXURAL MEMBERS OF SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES ...................... 6-3
6.2.1 General Requirements .................................................................... 6-5
6.2.2 Flexural Requirements .................................................................... 6-5
6.2.3 Splice Requirements ....................................................................... 6-6
6.2.4 Transverse Reinforcement Requirements ....................................... 6-8
6.2.5 Shear Requirements ....................................................................... 6-8
6.3 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING
AND AXIAL LOAD ................................................................................... 6-18
6.3.1 General Requirements .................................................................. 6-21
6.3.2 Minimum Flexural Strength of Columns ........................................ 6-21
6.3.3 Longitudinal Reinforcement Requirements ................................... 6-22
6.3.4 Transverse Reinforcement Requirements ..................................... 6-23
6.3.5 Shear Requirements ..................................................................... 6-25
6.4 JOINTS OF SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES ............................................. 6-35
6.4.1 General Requirements .................................................................. 6-37
6.4.2 Transverse Reinforcement Requirements ..................................... 6-37
6.4.3 Shear Requirements ..................................................................... 6-39
6.4.4 Development Length of Bars in Tension ....................................... 6-40
6.5 SPECIAL STRUCTURAL WALLS............................................................6-41
6.5.1 Reinforcement Requirements........................................................6-41
6.5.2 Shear Strength Requirements ....................................................... 6-53
6.5.3 Flexure and Axial Load Requirements .......................................... 6-53
6.5.4 Boundary Element Requirements ................................................. 6-54
6.6 STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMSS ............................................................. 6-64
6.6.1 Minimum Thickness Requirements ............................................... 6-65
6.6.2 Reinforcement Requirements........................................................6-65
6.6.3 Flexural Strength Requirements....................................................6-66
6.6.4 Shear Strength Requirements ....................................................... 6-66
6.7 FOUNDATIONS ....................................................................................... 6-66
6.7.1 Requirements for Footings, Foundation Mats and Pile Caps ........ 6-69
6.7.2 Requirements for Grade Beams and Slabs-on-ground ................. 6-69
6.7.3 Requirements for Piles, Piers and Caissons ................................. 6-70
6.8 MEMBERS NOT DESIGNATED AS PART OF THE SEISMIC-FORCE-
RESISTING SYSTEM .............................................................................. 6-70
6.9 EXAMPLE ................................................................................................ 6-80
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Preface
The purpose of Design of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings—based on
the 2009 IBC/ASCE/SEI 7-05/ACI 318-08 is to help engineers analyze, design
and detail low-rise cast-in-place conventionally reinforced concrete buildings in
accordance with the 2009 edition of the International Building Code® (IBC®).
Because the 2009 IBC references the 2008 edition of Building Code
Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and the 2005 edition of
ASCE/SEI 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, the
narrative and examples are based on these current standards wherever
applicable. Section numbers and equation numbers from the 2009 IBC, ACI 318-
08 and ASCE/SEI 7-05 that pertain to the specific requirements are provided
throughout the text.
Although the book is geared primarily for practicing structural engineers,
engineers studying for licensing exams, structural plan check engineers and civil
engineering students will find the book a valuable resource because of its
straightforward approach.
Chapter 2 summarizes floor systems commonly used in concrete buildings with
guidance on the advantages of various systems and practical framing layouts
and formwork. Information on the selection of economical floor systems for
various span and gravity load conditions is provided along with methods to
determine preliminary member sizes.
Chapter 3 summarizes the typical lateral-force-resisting systems used in low-rise
reinforced concrete buildings and describes how these buildings respond to wind
and earthquake forces. The procedure used to determine Seismic Design
Category is included as well as the limitations imposed on the various lateral-
force-resisting systems in relation to the Seismic Design Category of the building.
Approximate methods to determine stiffness of lateral-force-resisting elements
and distribution of lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements are provided.
Chapters 4, 5 and 6 cover the comprehensive design and detailing requirements
for various structural elements based on Seismic Design Category and
summarize the requirements in many tables, figures and flowcharts.
Design of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings According to the 2009 IBC is
an excellent resource for practicing civil and structural engineers as well as plan
check engineers, engineers preparing for licensing exams and civil engineering
students.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The writer is deeply grateful to John R. Henry, P.E., Principal Staff Engineer,
International Code Council, Inc., for review of this document. His insightful comments
and suggestions for improvement are most appreciated.
Thanks are also due to Adugna Fanuel, S.E., LEED AP, Christina Harber, S.E., and
Majlinda Agojci, all of Klein and Hoffman, Inc., for their contributions and review of the
manuscript. Their help was invaluable. Angelo Cicero of Klein and Hoffman, Inc.,
created some of the figures throughout the publication, and his efforts are also very
appreciated.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
The purpose of this publication is to assist in the analysis, design and detailing of low-rise
reinforced concrete buildings in accordance with the 2009 edition of the International
Building Code® (IBC®) [1.1].1
Section 1901.2 of the IBC requires that structural concrete be designed and constructed in
accordance with the provisions of Chapter 19 of the 2008 edition of Building Code
Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary as amended in IBC
Section 1908.2 Wherever applicable, the requirements of the 2005 edition of ASCE/SEI 7
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures [1.3], which is also
referenced in the 2009 IBC, must be satisfied as well.
The general principles of design and construction are essentially the same for any size
building. Code requirements for analysis, design and detailing are typically given in
general terms, without regard to the overall size of a building. In the case of low-rise
buildings, certain assumptions can often safely be made to simplify the overall design
procedure.
1.2 SCOPE
This publication focuses on the design requirements for cast-in-place reinforced concrete
buildings with members utilizing nonprestressed reinforcement. Requirements for
prestressed, post-tensioned and precast members are not addressed.
For purposes of this publication, a low-rise building is defined as one that has one or
more of the following characteristics: (1) no more than five stories above grade, (2) a
height less than 60 feet (18 288 mm), and (3) a fundamental period less than or equal to
0.5 seconds.3 Usually, the less rigorous provisions in the IBC and ASCE/SEI 7 can be
used to determine load effects on low-rise buildings. Also, simpler assumptions and
procedures can be utilized in the structural analysis and in the methods of allocating
lateral forces to the elements of the lateral-force-resisting system.
1 Numbers in brackets refer to references listed in Section 1.3 of this publication.
2 ACI 318-05 is one of a number of codes and standards that is referenced by the IBC. These documents,
which can be found in Chapter 35 of the 2009 IBC, are considered part of the requirements of the IBC to
the prescribed extent of each reference (see Section 101.4 of the 2009 IBC).
3 IBC 403 defines a high-rise building as a building with an occupied floor located more than 75 feet (22
860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. In such buildings assigned to
Occupancy Category III or IV, the structural integrity requirements of IBC 1614 must be satisfied. Based
on the types of buildings addressed in this publication, the requirements of IBC 1614 need not be satisfied.