Design of High Frequency Integrated Analogue Filters

258 Pages·2002·3.891 MB·English

by  Yichuang Sun

IET CIrCuITs, DEvICEs anD sysTEms sErIEs 14
Series Editors: Dr D.G. Haigh
Dr R.S. Soin
Dr J. Wood
Design of High
Frequency Integrated
Analogue Filters
Other volumes in this series:
Volume 2 Analogue IC design: the current-mode approach C. Toumazou, F.J. Lidgey and
D.G. Haigh (Editors)
Volume 3 Analogue-digital ASICs: circuit techniques, design tools and applications
R.S. Soin, F. Maloberti and J. France (Editors)
Volume 4 Algorithmic and knowledge-based CAD for VLSI G.E. Taylor and G. Russell
(Editors)
Volume 5 Switched currents: an analogue technique for digital technology
C. Toumazou, J.B.C. Hughes and N.C. Battersby (Editors)
Volume 6 High-frequency circuit engineering F. Nibler et al.
Volume 8 Low-power high-frequency microelectronics: a unified approach
G. Machado (Editor)
Volume 9 VLSI testing: digital and mixed analogue/digital techniques S.L. Hurst
Volume 10 Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers J.E. Carroll, J.E.A. Whiteaway and
R.G.S. Plumb
Volume 11 Selected topics in advanced solid state and fibre optic sensors S.M. Vaezi-
Nejad (Editor)
Volume 12 Strained silicon heterostructures: materials and devices C.K. Maiti,
N.B. Chakrabarti and S.K. Ray
Volume 13 RFIC and MMIC design and technology I.D. Robertson and S. Lucyzyn (Editors)
Volume 14 Design of high frequency integrated analogue filters Y. Sun (Editor)
Volume 15 Foundations of digital signal processing: theory, algorithms and hardware
design P. Gaydecki
Volume 16 Wireless communications circuits and systems Y. Sun (Editor)
Volume 17 The switching function: analysis of power electronic circuits C. Marouchos
Volume 18 System-on-chip: next generation electronics B. Al-Hashimi (Editor)
Volume 19 Test and diagnosis of analogue, mixed-signal and RF integrated circuits:
the system on chip approach Y. Sun (Editor)
Volume 20 Low power and low voltage circuit design with the FGMOS transistor
E. Rodriguez-Villegas
Volume 21 Technology computer aided design for Si, SiGe and GaAs integrated
circuits C.K. Maiti and G.A. Armstrong
Design of High
Frequency Integrated
Analogue Filters
Edited by Yichuang Sun
The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Published by The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London, United Kingdom
© 2002 The Institution of Electrical Engineers
First published 2002
This publication is copyright under the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright
Convention. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research
or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in
the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued
by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside those
terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Michael Faraday House
Six Hills Way, Stevenage
Herts, SG1 2AY, United Kingdom
www.theiet.org
While the authors and the publishers believe that the information and guidance given
in this work are correct, all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when
making use of them. Neither the authors nor the publishers assume any liability to
anyone for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission in the work, whether
such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. Any and all such
liability is disclaimed.
The moral right of the authors to be identified as authors of this work have been
asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Design of high frequency integrated analogue filters
(IEE circuits, devices and systems series no. 14)
1. Linear integrated circuits 2. Electric filters – Design
I. Sun, Yichuang. II. Institution of Electrical Engineers
621.3’ 8412
ISBN (10 digit) 0 85296 976 7
ISBN (13 digit) 978-0-85296-976-2
Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd, India
First printed in the UK by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall
ToXiaohui,BoandLucy

Contents
Preface xi
Contributors xiii
1 ArchitecturesanddesignofOTA/g -Cfilters 1
m
YichuangSun
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Twointegratorloopg -Cfilterstructures 2
m
1.2.1 g -Cbuildingblocks 3
m
1.2.2 Tow-Thomas(TT)g -Cbiquad 3
m
1.2.3 EffectsandreductionofOTAnonidealities 4
1.2.4 Balancedfilterstructures 6
1.2.5 KHNg -Cfilters 7
m
1.2.6 Realisationofuniversalbiquads 8
1.3 g -CfiltersbasedonLCladders 9
m
1.3.1 g -Cfiltersbasedoncomponentsubstitution 9
m
1.3.2 g -Cfiltersbasedonsignalsimulation 10
m
1.4 Multipleloopfeedbackg -Cfilters 13
m
1.4.1 All-poleMLFg -Cfilters 14
m
1.4.2 g -Csynthesisoftransmissionzeros 17
m
1.5 Current-modeg -Cfilters 18
m
1.5.1 Directgenerationofcurrent-modeg -Cfilters 18
m
1.5.2 Adjointmethodforcurrent-modeg -Cfilterdesign 19
m
1.6 Designexamplesofg -Cfilters 19
m
1.6.1 Operationaltransconductanceamplifiers 20
1.6.2 Third-orderellipticg -Cfilterbasedonladder
m
simulation 22
1.6.3 Seventh-orderall-polemultipleloopfeedbackg -C
m
filters 23
1.7 Automatictuningofg -Cfilters 25
m
1.7.1 TunableandprogrammableOTA 25
1.7.2 Ananaloguetuningscheme 27
viii Contents
1.7.3 Adigitaltuningmethod 28
1.7.4 ConfigurableandFPAA-basedg -Cfilters 29
m
1.8 Conclusions 29
1.9 References 30
2 TheMOSFET-Ctechnique 35
MihaiBanuandYannisTsividis
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 TheMOSFET-Cconcept 37
2.3 Practicalconsiderations 40
2.3.1 Linearityinpresenceofnonidealities 40
2.3.2 DCbiasingandtuning 40
2.3.3 UseofOTAs 41
2.3.4 Generalfilterbuildingblocks 43
2.3.5 Frequencyresponse 44
2.3.6 Noiseanddynamicrange 45
2.3.7 ICtechnologyconsiderationsforhighspeedfilter
design 46
2.3.8 “Doublebalanced”MOSFET-C 46
2.3.9 Otherpracticalaspects 46
2.4 PowerefficiencyinMOSFET-Cdesigns 47
2.4.1 BasicpowerdissipationconsiderationsinICfilters 47
2.4.2 Topologicaladvantagesofactive-RCintegratorsfor
powerefficiency 48
2.4.3 Powerdissipationinsummers 52
2.5 Conclusions 53
2.6 References 54
3 Activefiltersusingintegratedinductors 57
DandanLiandYannisTsividis
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 PrinciplesofQenhancement 58
3.2.1 Compensationusingnegativeresistances 59
3.2.2 Integratedinductors 60
3.3 Negativeresistorimplementations 61
3.3.1 Single-endedschemes 61
3.3.2 Balancedschemes 63
3.4 Second-ordersections 64
3.4.1 Asynthesisprocedure 64
3.4.2 Noise,dynamicrangeandpower 65
3.5 High-orderfilters 69
3.5.1 Designissuesandexamples 69
3.5.2 Predistortion 71
3.6 Automatictuning 74
3.7 Conclusions 77
3.8 References 77
Contents ix
4 Logdomainfilters 81
DouglasFrey
4.1 Introduction 81
4.2 Logdomainfiltering 85
4.3 Synthesisoflogdomainfilters 87
4.3.1 Basictheory 87
4.3.2 Asynthesisstrategy 95
4.3.3 Thetranslinearperspective 102
4.4 ClassABlogdomainfilters 108
4.5 Logdomainbuildingblocksandnonidealbehaviour 113
4.6 Verylowvoltagelogdomainfilterdesign 117
4.7 Noiseinlogdomainfilters 120
4.8 Otherapplicationsofthelogdomainfilteringidea 124
4.9 Conclusions 124
4.10 References 125
5 Lowvoltagetechniquesforswitched-currentfilters 127
JohnHughes,ApisakWorapishetandRungsimantSitdhikorn
5.1 Introduction 127
5.2 PerformancecomparisonofSIandSC 128
5.3 Single-endedSIcircuits 132
5.3.1 Single-endedprototypecells 133
5.3.2 Single-endedclassA 134
5.3.3 Single-endedclassAB 138
5.3.4 Summary 143
5.4 BalancedSIcircuits 143
5.4.1 Prototypebalancedcells 143
5.4.2 BalancedclassAcells 143
5.4.3 BalancedclassABcells 147
5.4.4 Summary 148
5.5 NeutralisedSIcircuits 148
5.5.1 NeutralisedclassAcells 149
5.5.2 NeutralisedclassABcells 150
5.5.3 Summary 151
5.6 DemonstrationofperformanceusingbalancedclassAB
cellswithfullneutralisation 152
5.7 Conclusions 158
5.8 References 159
6 Analogueadaptivefilters 161
AnthonyCarusoneandDavidA.Johns
6.1 Introduction 161
6.2 Adaptivealgorithms 162
6.2.1 Leastmean-square(LMS)algorithm 162
6.2.2 VariantsoftheLMSalgorithm 164
6.2.3 DCoffseteffectsinanalogueLMS 165