Design of Efficient Millimeter Wave Planar Antennas for 5G Communication Systems تصميم ...

100 Pages·2017·4.9 MB·English

ةزغ - ةــيملاـــــسلإا ةــــــــــعماـجلا
The Islamic University–Gaza

ايلعلا تاساردلاو يملعلا ثحبلا نوئش
Resea rch and Postgraduate Affairs
ةسدـــــــــــــــــــــنـهلا ةــــــــــــــــــــيلـك

Faculty of Engineering
ةيئابرهكلا ةسدـــــنهلا رـــــــيتسجام
Master of Electrical Engineering

تلااـــــصتا ةـــــــــــمظنأ
Communication Systems

Design of Efficient Millimeter Wave Planar
Antennas for 5G Communication Systems

ةمظنلأ رتميلملا تاجوم ددرت ىلع ةءافك تاذ تايئاوه ميمصت
سماخلا ليجلا تلااصتا
Mohammed H. Abu Saada

Supervised by

Dr. Talal F. Skaik Dr. Ramadan A. Alhalabi
Assistant prof. of Electrical Engineering Assistant prof. of Electrical Engineering

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Electrical Engineering – Communication Systems Engineering

April/2017
I
ررا ــــــــــــــقإ
:ناونعلا لمحت يتلا ةلاسرلا مدقم هاندأ عقوملا انأ

Design of Efficient Millimeter Wave Planar Antennas
for 5G Communication Systems

تلااصتا ةمظنلأ رتميلملا تاجوم ددرت ىلع ةءافك تاذ تايئاوه ميمصت
سماخلا ليجلا
ةراشلإا تمت ام ءانثتساب ،صاخلا يدهج جاتن وه امنإ ةلاسرلا هذه هيلع تلمتشا ام نأب رقأ
وأ ةجرد لينل نيرخلآا لبق نم مدقي مل اهنم ءزج يأ وأ لكك ةلاسرلا هذه نأو ،درو امثيح هيلإ
ةظوفحم رشنلا قوقح نأو .ىرخأ ةيثحب وأ ةيميلعت ةسسؤم يأ ىدل يثحب وأ يملع بقل
نيطسلف- ةزغ ةيملاسلإا ةعماجلل
Declaration

I hereby certify that this submission is the result of my own work, except
where otherwise acknowledged, and that this thesis (or any part of it)
has not been submitted for a higher degree or quantification to any other
university or institution. All copyrights are reserves toIslamic University
– Gaza strip paiestine

Student's name: ةدعس وبأ نسح دمحم
:بلاطلا مسا
Signature:
ةدعس وبأ دمحم :عيقوتلا
Date:
1122/5/12 :خيراتلا

Abstract
Fifth generation (5G) is the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the
current 4G, which will operate at millimeter-wave frequency band. In any wireless device, the
performance of radio communications depends on the design of an efficient antenna. This thesis
presents designs for microstrip antennas (single element and arrays at 28 GHz), where 28GHz is
one of the standard frequencies of the 5G communications.

A parametric study to select the best single element design to use it in the array has been performed.
The study included investigation on the impact of feeding technique, substrate dielectric constant,
substrate thickness and substrate loss tangent on the antenna parameters. Different feeding
techniques are studied, and gap-coupled feeder has been found the best in terms of bandwidth that
is greater than 1 GHz.
Based on the best optimized single element patch, several microstrip antenna array designs at 28
GHz are proposed with number of elements up to 16 and those designs meet the requirements of
5G antennas. Commercial simulation software (CST) and (ADS) were utilized to design single
element, linear and planar arrays.
Furthermore, dual polarized Linear and planar arrays were designed for handset mobiles and base
stations respectively, with good isolation between vertical and horizontal ports (better than 20 dB).

II
ثحبلا صخلم
ماع يف هب لمعلا أدبي نأ عقوتملاو يلاحلا عبرا لا ليجلا يلي يذلا ليجلا وه تلااصتلاا نم سماخلا ليجلا
30 نم أدبت يتلاو رتميلملا تاجوم تاددرت يه سماخلا ليجلا يف اهمادختسا متيس يتلا تاددرتلا .م 2020
ددرت دنع لمعت تافوفصمو دحاو رصنعب تايئاوهل ميماصت مدقي ثحبلا اذه نأ ثيح ،قوف امف زتريه اجيج
.زتريه اجيج 28
ةداملل ةيبرهكلا ةيحامسلا( لثم يئاوهلا اهنم عونصملا ةداملاب ةقلعتملا ترا يغتملا ىلع ةلماك ةسرا د لمع مت
لثم يئاوهلا ءادأ ىلع اهريثأت ةسرا دو ،ةقيقدلا حئرا شلا يئاوه ةيذغت قرط كلذكو ،ةلزاعلا ةداملا كمس ،ةلزاعلا
.)..تاددرتلا قاطن ،يئاوهلا ةءافك(
مت اذهو ،زتريه اجيج 1 نم ربكأ نوكي نأ بجي يددرتلا قاطنلا نإف سماخلا ليجلا تايئاوه تافصاوم قفو
.امهنيب ةريغص ةوجف دوجوب امناو ةرشابم هسملاي لا ةقيقدلا حئرا شلا يئاوهل يذغم مادختساب هقيقحت
لصو ثيح ،هنم ةيحوللاو ةيطخلا تايئاوهلا ةفوفصم ءانبو ميمصت لضفأ رايتخا ةسرا دلا هذه ةصلاخ تناك
ميمصتو ،لب يسيد 17 ىلا لصي يئاوهلا ىلا بسك يطعيل رصنع 16 ىلإ ةفوفصملا رصانع ددع
.ةدح ىلع لك لاسرلاا ةطحملو لومحملا فتاهلل لمعت ةيبطقلا ةيئانث تايئاوه ةفوفصم
.(ADS) ،(CST)لثم تايئاوهلاب ةصاخلا ميمصتلا جمرا ب مادختسا مت

III
DEDICATION

To

My Parents Hassan & Enayat

My Wife Islam

My children
Enayat, Anas, Tala, Leen

and
My Family

IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and the foremost, I would like to thank Almighty Allah for bestowing His blessings upon me
and giving me the strength to carry out and complete this work.
I am extremely grateful to my supervisors Dr. Ramadan Alhalabi and Dr. Talal Skaik for their
valuable advice, guidance, beneficial discussions and encouragement throughout my research.
Apart from their valuable academic advice and guidelines, they have been extremely kind,
friendly, and helpful. I am also very grateful to my thesis committee members, Dr. Tamer Abu
Foul and Dr. Fady El-Nahal for their care, cooperation and constructive advices.
Special thanks to my colleagues and friends especially Eng. Belal A. Alsaati, Eng. Mohammed A.
Matar, Eng. Mohammed A. Tubail, and Eng. Mohammed J. Hannona for their encouragements
and various help that they provided throughout my graduate studies.
Special thanks to my friends Ahmed R. Qarrot, Abdallah H. Abu Saada, Zakaria A. Alshaghnouby,
,Mohammed Kh. Abu Salem, Mohammed Z. Aldahshan, Mohammed F. Kullab and Khalil
Eslayyeh.
Also, I want to thank my Indian friend Sudipta Maity for his valuable advice and guidance.
I would like to give my special thanks to my parents, brothers, sister and my wife for their support,
patience and love. Without their encouragement, motivation and understanding, it would have been
impossible for me to complete this work. Finally, my sincere thanks are due to all people who
supported me to complete this work.

V
Contents
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………… II
Abstract in Arabic ……………………………………………………………………… III
Declaration………………………………………………………………………………… IV
Acknowledgment ………………………………………………………………………… V
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………… VI
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………. VIII
List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………………IX
1 Chapter 1 : Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1
1. 1 5G Communications ......................................................................................................... 1
1. 2 Background ...................................................................................................................... 2
1. 3 planar Antennas at mm-Wave Frequencies ...................................................................... 2
1. 4 Why at 28 GHz? ............................................................................................................... 3
1. 5 Literature review .............................................................................................................. 4
1. 6 Thesis motivation ............................................................................................................. 6
1. 7 Thesis overview................................................................................................................ 6
2 Chapter 2: Antenna Theory ..................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Maxwell’s equations ........................................................................................................ 9
2.3 Antenna Parameters........................................................................................................ 10
2.3. 1 Radiation Pattern ..................................................................................................... 10
2.3. 2 Directivity ............................................................................................................... 11
2.3. 3 Antenna Efficiency ................................................................................................. 12
2.3. 4 Antenna radiation efficiency ................................................................................... 13
2.3. 5 Antenna Gain .......................................................................................................... 14
2.3. 6 Bandwidth ............................................................................................................... 14
2.3. 7 Input Impedance...................................................................................................... 15
2.3. 8 Polarization ............................................................................................................. 16
2.4 Microstrip Antennas ....................................................................................................... 16
2.4.1 Basic Characteristics ............................................................................................... 17
VI
2.4.2 Feeding techniques: ................................................................................................ 18
2.4.3 Designing Rectangular Microstrip Antenna ........................................................... 24
3 Chapter 3: Single Element Design ........................................................................................ 27
3.1 Antenna Substrate: ......................................................................................................... 27
3.1.1 Substrate Thickness: ............................................................................................... 28
3.1.2 Dielectric Constant ( ):......................................................................................... 32
r
3.1.3 Substrate Loss Tangent: .......................................................................................... 33
3.1.4 Copper cladding depth selection: ............................................................................ 35
3.2 Feeding techniques: ........................................................................................................ 36
3.3 single element patch antenna design .............................................................................. 40
4 Chapter 4 : Antenna Array: .................................................................................................... 44
4. 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 45
4. 2 The Array Factor for Linear Arrays ............................................................................... 45
4. 3 Antenna Array feeding Configuration............................................................................ 48
4.3.1 Parallel Feed............................................................................................................ 48
4.3.2 Series Feed .............................................................................................................. 49
4.3.3 Capacitively coupled fingers................................................................................... 50
4. 4 Mutual coupling ............................................................................................................. 50
4. 5 Design and results .......................................................................................................... 53
5 Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Work .............................................................................. 76
6 References ............................................................................................................................. 79

VII
List of Tables

Table )1.1): summary of mobile communications generations (Hartley, 2017) (Uncategorized |
mansipruthi, 2017) (Sahoo, Hota, & Barik, 2017) .......................................................................... 2
Table (2.1): Generalized Forms of Maxwell's Equations (Sadiku, 2007) ...................................... 9
Table (3.1): Simulated antenna parameters at different substrate thicknesses ............................ 31
Table )3.2): Simulated antenna parameters at two different Dielectric Constant ( ) values,
r
substrate thickness = 0.381 mm, tan= 0 ................................................................................... 33
Table (3.3): parametric study for gap width and inset length on antenna parameters ................. 37
Table (3.4): Simulated antenna parameters at different feeding techniques ............................... 40
Table (3.5): Simulated antenna parameters for gap-coupled feeding technique .......................... 41
Table (4.1): inter-element space impact on mutual coupling........................................ 53
Table (4.2): comparison between simulated results with and without DGS ................................ 54

VIII