design of 5-storey school building with green roof and photovoltaic panels

178 Pages·2015·8.34 MB·English

by  Rachelle Aranez

DESIGN OF 5-STOREY SCHOOL BUILDING WITH GREEN ROOF
AND PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

by

Arvin Ray Tristan V. Arañez
Gelou Mart B. Tolentino

A CE Project or Thesis Submitted to the
School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering (SCEGE)

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Mapua Institute of Technology
Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila City

October 2013

Executive Summary

This project is a design of a 5-storey School Building with Green Roof and
Photovoltaic Panels. It is addressed to the municipality of Pasay City in fulfillment of the
course CE Project.

To satisfy the need for a science high school, this design of eco-friendly structure
was created. This will serve primarily as an institution for education as well as ecological
habitat for small living things.

The use of renewable energy source makes it a self-sustaining structure in terms
of electricity needs. Photovoltaic panels will cut off tremendous amount of electric cost.
Study shows that this will reduce stormwater runoff lessening the probability of flooding
in its nearby areas.

The whole structure was designed to sustain environmental factors such as large
scale winds and intensity of earthquake based on the National Structural Code of the
Philippines. E-Tabs and AutoCad are the programs used to evaluate and draft the design
and specifications of the structure. A 3D modeling software was also used to give a more
detailed conceptual design of the project that shows life-scene images of the school
building and its environment.

This design will provide an economical structure with good quality education
being a science high school. This will create a better working environment for the
teachers and staffs and many out of school youth will be interested to enter and enroll in
this public school that has a prestigious look and new technology.
Table of Contents

Title Page i

Approval Page ii

Executive Summary iii

Introduction (Chapter 1) 1

Presenting the Challenges (Chapter 2) 2

2.1 Problem Statement 2
2.2 Project Objective 3
2.3 Design Norms Considered 3
2.4 The Project Beneficiary 3
2.5 The Innovative Approach 4
2.6 The Research Component 5
2.7 The Design Component 6
2.8 Sustainable Development Concept 6

Environmental Examination Report (Chapter 3) 8

3.1 Project Description 8

3.1.1 Project Rationale 8
3.1.2 Project Location 8
3.1.3 Project Information 10
3.1.4 Conceptual Design 11

3.1.5 Description of Project Phases 12

3.1.5.1 Pre-construction/Operational phase 12
3.1.5.2 Construction phase 13
3.1.5.3 Operational phase 14
3.1.5.4 Abandonment phase 15

3.2 Description of Environmental Setting and Receiving Environment 15

3.2.1 Physical Environment 15
3.2.2 Biological Environment 15
3.2.3 Socio-Cultural, Economic and Political Environment 16
3.2.4 Future Environmental Conditions without the Project 16

3.3 Impact Assessment and Mitigation 16

3.3.1 Summary Matrix of Predicted Environmental Issues/Impacts 16
and their Level of Significance at Various Stages of Development
3.3.2 Brief Discussion of Specific Significant Impacts on the 18
Physical and Biological Resources
3.3.3 Brief Discussion of Significant Socio-economic Effects/ 18
Impacts of the Project

3.4 Environmental Management Plan 19

3.4.1 Summary Matrix of Proposed Mitigation and 19
Enhancement Measures, Estimated Cost and Responsibilities
3.4.2 Brief Discussion of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures 20
3.4.3 Monitoring Plan 20
3.4.4 Contingency Plan 20
3.4.5 Institutional Responsibilities and Agreements 21

The Research Component (Chapter 4) 22

4.1 Abstract 22
4.2 Introduction 23
4.3 Review of Literature 23

4.3.1 History of Green Roofs 24
4.3.2 Components of Green Roofing System 25
4.3.3 Benefits of Green Roofs 26
4.3.4 The Innovative Approach 26
4.4 Methodology 27

Detailed Engineering Design (Chapter 5) 28

5.1 Loads and Codes 28

5.1.1 Introduction 28
5.1.2 Dead Loads 28
5.1.3 Live Loads 29
5.1.4 Wind Load 29
5.1.5 Seismic Considerations 30
5.1.6 Beam, Column, and Slab Design 30

5.2 Design of R.C. Beam 31
5.3 Design of R.C. Slab 37
5.4 Design of R.C. Column 40
5.5 Design of Foundation 42

5.5.1 Introduction 42
5.5.2 Design Considerations 42
5.5.3 Code Specifications 43

5.6 Major and Minor Areas of Civil Engineering 52

5.6.1 Major: Structural Engineering 52
5.6.2 Minor: Geotechnical Engineering 55
5.6.3 Minor: Construction Engineering 58

Budget Estimation (Chapter 6) 61

6.1 Bill of Quantities 61
6.2 Solar Panel Cost Estimate 64

Project’s Schedule (Chapter 7) 67

7.1 Introduction 67

7.1.1 Schedule of Activities 67
7.1.2 Gantt‟s Chart 72
7.1.3 Manpower and Equipment Schedule 80

Promotional Material (Chapter 8) 82

Conclusion and Summary 83

Recommendations 84

Acknowledgements 85

References 86

Appendices

Article Type Paper

Original Project Report Assessment Sheet by Panel Members

English Editor Assessment and Evaluation Rubric

Accomplished Consultation Forms

Compilation of Assessment Forms (Rubric)

Copy of Engineering Drawings and Plans

Copy of Project Poster

Photocopy of Receipts

Relevant Pictures

Other Required Forms

Student Reflections

Resume of Each Member
List of Figures and Tables

Figures:

Figure 3.1 Project Location Satellite View 9
Figure 3.2 Project Location Map 9
Figure 3.3 Conceptual Design 10

Figure 7.1 Project Schedule 72

Figure 8.1 Promotional Material Man‟s Eye View 82
Figure 8.2 Promotional Material Bird‟s Eye View 82

Tables:

Table 2.1 Performance Indicator of Public Schools, Pasay City 2

Table 3.3.1 Impact Assessment and Mitigation 16
Table 3.4.1 Environmental Management Plan 19
Table 3.4.3 Monitoring Plan 20

Table 5.1 Superimposed Dead Loads 28
Table 5.2 Live Loads 29
Table 5.3 Wind Load Considerations 29
Table 5.4 Seismic Considerations 30

Table 6.1 Bill of Quantities 61
Table 6.2 Solar Panel Cost Estimate 64

Table 7.1 Schedule of Activities 67
Table 7.2 Manpower Schedule 80
Table 7.3 Equipment Schedule 81
1

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

In the history of the Philippines, air pollution has always been the most common
problem. Due to urbanization, mainly caused by building constructions and increase in
the population, automobiles and devices; the plant life, which is the main source of clean
air, is rapidly deteriorating and in effect causing large scale of air pollutants especially in
Metro Manila.

To balance the need for building construction and the need for clean air, this
proposal of Green School Building Design might be utilized for that kind of problem.

In this modern time, population growth continually increases resulting to increase
in the number of students, especially in Metro Manila. This resulted to overpopulated
classrooms and insufficient school facilities and supplies for students to compensate. The
biggest problem is that having limited space with a big number of students, most students
cannot focus on the lessons themselves resulting to inability to absorb what to be learned
leaving the concept of being in school ineffective. That is why the even the local
government of different cities are on their league on putting up their own concepts of
school buildings.

Many developments on buildings have been established to fully satisfy the needs
for environmental protection and conservation. The “Green building” concept became a
well-known solution for urban development throughout the western part of the world as
technology advances. From transforming solar energy to electricity, different ideas keep
coming out and became widely spread. One of those is the new technology on a “Green
Roof” for high rise buildings.

A Green Roofing System will be designed to control peak runoff or the rainwater
absorption, for waterproofing and drainage, cost effective installation of instruments on
the roof, to be an urban ecological habitat, and to balance energy.

The purpose of this study is to be able to provide basic criteria on the Green
Design and specifications of a 5-storey school building based on the location, live loads
from the number of students to the roof deck loads. This will be very helpful not only in
the proposed beneficiary, the municipality but also for the country that is not yet familiar
with the concept of Green Buildings and its importance in this slowly dying planet.
2

CHAPTER 2

Presenting the Challenges

2.1 Problem Statement

In Pasay City, the need for a new school building was being proposed and
became one of the being studied ordinance mainly due to increasing student
population. This school will be a public high school campus. The current situation
in Pasay for education, the adequacy in the number of school teacher based on the
number of students is in critical shortage based also in the number of school
facilities that will hold most of the students. There are only 4 public secondary
schools in the city with about 16, 600 enrollments (City Planning and Development
Office, Pasay City). Most of the secondary schools are privately owned, with tuition
fees not afforded by most enrollees with a poor family. And this proposed public
high school will be very helpful in balancing the needs of poor families for
education.

Table 2.1: Performance Indicator of Public Schools, Pasay City