Design Criteria for Drill Rigs: equipment and drilling techniques PDF
Preview Design Criteria for Drill Rigs: equipment and drilling techniques
Design Criteria for Drill Rigs: Equipment and Drilling Techniques By C.P. Chugh, Ken Steele and V.M. Sharma C\ Taylor & Francis ~ Taylor&FrancisGroup LONDON AND NEW YORK Published by Taylor & Francis, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Transferred to Digital Printing 2006 @ 1996 COPYRIGHT RESERVED ISBN 90 5410 257 8 Publisher's Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent PREFACE Even though drilling is a field expertise it is necessary to have knowledge of the theoretical background in order to choose the correct path to be taken during con;::omitant exigencies while drilling operation is in progress. Chapter one of the book is a reproduction of the Drilling Safety Guide of the International Drilling Federation for whi;::h permission was granted by the Federa tion. The first page of the Guide had to be slightly modified to maintain uniformity of style between the chapters. The choice of method to be employed for the drilling operation is determined by the factors which affect the ultimate performance, the geology, the topogra phy, accessibility of the site and the surrounding terrain, the intended depth of drilling, proximity to water, time frame restrictions due to weather access and myriad other factors which come into play in making such a judgement. Different drilling techniques have been discussed in chapter two. The design of a drill machine is crucial in determining the depth rating, mast hookload capacity, drawworks capacity and pump capacity, aircompressor drilling programme diameter, horse power of the power unit, auxiliary equipment and details of operating componentry. The design aspects have been discused in detail in chapter three. Geological formations vary considerably in different regions and so does the experience in use of prevailing technology. Over a period of time these experiences have contributed to various theories of rock mechanics, different classification sys tem of rock mass, innovations in design and construction of support system and monitoring methods. These aspects have been discussed in chapter five. Of the many facets of rock mechanics, the most important ones in the context of drilling are concerned with rock properties such as hardness and abrasiveness, rock structure and water flow. The theoretical aspects of rock drilling are of great value in understanding the process of rock drilling but of little help in predicting the output. Thus field experiences are very important and they have been discussed in chapter six and seven. Since the commercial introduction of the down the hole (DTH) hammer in 1950's, the technique has developed into what is arguably the most widely used drilling system in use today. The hammer is used in mineral exploration drilling, iv DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DRILL RIGS mining production, both surface and underground water well drilling, construction for anchoring, piling, dewatering and oil ar.d gas exploration. The potential uses of this hammer have been amply illustrated in chapter eight and nine. When considering deviation in a drill hole, it is probably more appropriate to accept the generality that there is no such thing as a straight drill hole. Deviation problems and their remedial corrective steps have been also discussed in chapter 11 to 13. Other features of the book are lateral drilling system, horizontal and direc tional drilling of soils, modem survey support to drilling bore holes, geotechnical investigation types and their economical aspects, design of foundations of dams and work orders for drilling of exploration of bore holes. It is hoped that this book will serve the needs of mining engineers, geologists and geotechnical engineers. December 1995 C.P. CHUGH KEN STEELE V.M. SHARMA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are thankful to Superabrasive Engg., Pvt. Ltd., Rock Drill India, Pawan Auto mobiles, Atlas Copco, De Beers Industrial Divisi:m, Kores (India) Ltd., Mining Associates, Industrial Diamond Co. Ltd., London, Rawel Singh & Co., Shiva lik Geotech Services, The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Baker Hughes INTEQ, Drillmark Consultants-West Australia, American Augers Inc., Interna tional Drilling Federation, AIMIL Sales & Agencies Pvt. Ltd., M/s. Geotech Con sultants Pvt. Ltd., G.S. Jain & Associates Pvt. Ltd., Revathi C.P. Equipment Ltd., Chicago Pneumatic New York and George E. Failing Company for their assistance in providing textual material and photographs. We are highly grateful to P.S. Misra, Anil Chowdhry, G.S. Jain, C.K. Jain for their token contributions to the text. We shall be failing in our duty if we do not acknowledge .the contributions of my many colleagues in different scientific institutions and technical organisations. Ken Steele records separately his acknowledgements as follows for the services of his men and organisations in Australia "I wish to acknowledge with gratitude the assistance I have been given by the provision of material and illustrations which have been used in my chapters. The following companies and individuals have each assisted me in this way: Ace Drilling, Canning Vale, Perth, Western Australia Bulroc (UK) Ltd, Chesterfield, U.K CBC Welnav, Tustin, USA Downhole Surveys Pty Ltd, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia Halliburton Energy Services, USA International Drillquip Pty. Ltd. Perth Western Australia Kennametallnt USA Ponti! Pty Ltd Dubbo NSW Australia Reflex Instruments AB Sweden Resource Review Perth Western Austra1ia SDS Digger Tools Perth Western Australia Siesmic Supply International Pty. Ltd. Queensland Australia Surtron Technologies Pty Ltd. Fremantle Western Australia VI DESIGN CRITERIA FOR DRILL RIGS The pneumatic tool theoretical formulations were developed at the Colorado School of Mines USA. Originally published in the quarterly review, I regret that they are unascribed in my library notes". C.P. Chugh would like to express his gratitute to his wife Pritma for her patient help in editing the manuscript and to Baby Philip for the pains he took in typing such difficult text material. He also records his appreciation of the assistance rendered by K.C. Pant and H.S. Bora in preparing the illustrations which were time consuming and complicated. C P CHUGH KEN STEELE V.M. SHARMA CONTENTS Preface lJl Acknowledgements v Chapter 1: Drilling Safety 1 Chapter 2: Drilling Techniques and Developments 30 Chapter 3: Design Criteria for Drill Rigs 63 Chapter 4: Drilling Holes for Mining and Construction Industries 114 Chapter 5: Classification of Rock Masses 128 Chapter 6: Drilling and Rock Mechanics 142 Chapter 7: Drilling Speeds 169 Chapter 8: Downhole Hammer Drilling 180 Chapter 9: Alternative Downhole Hammer Applications 218 Chapter 10: Role of Reverse Circulation in Exploration Drilling 223 Chapter 11: Deviation in Drill Holes 236 Chapter 12: Wireline Coring Coupled with High-Frequency 259 Impactor Chapter 13: Risk Reduction in Deep-Level Mining Ventures through 265 Application of underground Deflection Drilling Chapter 14: Lateral Drilling System 285 Chapter 15: Horizontal and Directional Drilling in Soils 311 Chapter 16: Modem Survey Support to Drilling Boreholes 331 Chapter 17: Geotechnical Investigations, Types and their Economical 339 Aspects Chapter 18: Design of Foundation of Dams 351 Chapter 19: Work Orders for Drilling of Exploratory Boreholes 361 Index 403 Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group http:/taylorandfrancis.com CHAPTER 1 DRILLING SAFETY* An Introduction to Drilling Safety Governmental Regulations The Safety Supervisor Individual Protective Equipment Housekeeping on and around the Drill Rig Maintenance Safety Safe Use of Hand Tools Clearing the Work Area Start-Up Safety during Drilling Operations Overhead and Buried Utilities Safe Use of Electricity React to Contact with Electricity Safe Use of Wireline Hoists, Wire Rope and Hoisting Hardware Safe Use of Cathead and Rope Hoists Safe Use of Augers Safety during Rotary and Core Drilling Safety during Travel Loading and Unloading Off-Road Movement Tires, Batteries and Fuel First Aid Drill Rig Utilization Drill Rig Alterations 1. AN INTRODUCTION TO DRILLING SAFETY The organization you work is interested in your safety, not only when you are work ing on or around a drill rig, but also when you are traveling to and from a drilling site, moving the drill rig and tools from location to location on a site or providing maintenance on a drill rig or drilling tools. This safety guide is for your benefit. Every drill crew should have a designated safety supervisor. The safety super visor should have the authority to enforce safety on the drilling site. A rig worker's first safety responsibility is to listen to the safety directions of the safety supervisor. • This chapter is taken from Drilling Safety Guide published in 1985 by International Drilling Federation, 3008 Millwood Avenue, Columbia, with permission.
The list of books you might like
