Design and evaluation of hydraulic lime grouts for in situ reattachment of lime plaster to earthen walls

288 Pages·1998·5 MB·English

by  Bass, Angelyn

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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC LIME GROUTS FOR INSITU
REATTACHMENT OF LIME PLASTER TO EARTHEN WALLS
Angelyn Bass
A THESIS
in
Historic Preservation
Presented to the Faculties of the University ofPennsylvania in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
MASTEROFSCIENCE
1998
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Supervisor Reader
Frank G. Matero §anne Marie Teutonico
Associate Professor ofArchitecture ''Lecturer, Historic Preservation
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Graduateyroup Chair
Frank G. Matero
Associate Professor ofArchitecture
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Acknowledgments
Firstly, and above all, I would like to acknowledge Frank Matero, my graduate thesis
advisor and Associate Professor of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. Not only did
his professional expertise and enduring support guide me throughout this research, but his
extraordinary energy and optimism, and commitment to advancing the field of conservation, has
inspired and guided me wellbeyond theclassroom.
I would also like to acknowledge Jeanne Marie Teutonico, whose initial research in the
field of hydraulic lime grouts in the 1980s served as the model for this study, and whose critical
review and perspective on this workwas valued and greatly appreciated.
From the National Park Service, Jake Barrow of the Intermountain System Support Office
in Santa Fe was instrumental in iiiitiating the project and supporting practical application of this
research Ln the field. My appreciation is also extended to Harry Myers, superintendent of Fort
Union National Monument, for providing park resources and stafffor the initial field work.
Finally, 1 must thank Robert Rivera, whose graphic expertise I sought throughout the
preparation of this work, and whose artistry and companionship I will seek in many a future
project.

TableofContents
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
iii
List ofTables v
List OF Figures vi
Abstract vii
Preface vii
1.0 Introduction i
1.1 Review of Published Literature 3
1.2 Grouting with Hydraulic Lime Based Mixtures 4
1.2.1 Recent use of hydraulic lime in conservation 6
1.3 Grouting Adapted for Architectural Conservation 7
1.3.1 Cementitious grouts 8
1.3.2 Shared aspects ofgrouting in engineering and conservation practice 8
2.0 Field Site: Fort Union National Monument lo
2.1 History of Construction at Fort Union 10
2.2 Preservation at Fort Union 12
2.3 Condition of Fort Union Plaster 12
2.4 Characterization of Historic Fort Union Adobe and Plaster 14
2.4.1 Adobe characterization 17
2.4.2 Plaster characterization 28
2.4.3 Summary of analysis 32
3.0 Grout Components and Sample Preparation 34
3.1 Performance Criteria 34
3.2 Selection of Materials 35
3.2.1 Binders 36
3.2.2 Fillers and aggregates 40
3.2.3 Organic admixtures 41
3.3 Sample Preparation 44
3.3.1 Grout samples 44
3.3.2 Adobe samples 46
4.0 Experimental Program 47
4.1 Phase I: Initial Evaluation 49
4.1.1 Phase I testing program 51
4.1.2 Phase I test results summary 55
4.2 Phase II: Intermediate Evaluation 58
4.2.1 Phase II testing program 59
4.2.2 Phase II test results summary 80
4.3 Phase III: Final Evaluation 83
4.3.1 Phase III testing program 84
4.3.2 Phase III test results summary 86