Design and Analysis of an Active High Voltage Electric Accumulator

118 Pages·2015·0.97 MB·English

Design and Analysis of an Active High Voltage
Electric Accumulator
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AN ACTIVE HIGH VOLTAGE
ELECTRIC ACCUMULATOR
BY
ABDUL LATEEF, B.E., (Electronics & Instrumentation)
Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India
a thesis
submitted to the department of electrical & computer engineering
and the school of graduate studies
of mcmaster university
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
Master of Applied Science
(cid:13)c Copyright by Abdul Lateef, August 2015
All Rights Reserved
Master of Applied Science (2015) McMaster University
(Electrical & Computer Engineering) Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
TITLE: Design and Analysis of an Active High Voltage Electric
Accumulator
AUTHOR: Abdul Lateef
B.E., (Electronics & Instrumentation)
Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India
SUPERVISORS: Dr. A. Emadi
Dr. H. A. Kojori
NUMBER OF PAGES: xx, 97
ii
To my parents, my better half and my lovely children
Abstract
Recently in more or all electric vehicles, higher voltage batteries are used which
employ large number of cells in series. Series connection among cells may lead to
single point of failures, safety and charge equalization issues that demand complex
control and costly and/or lossy battery management methods.
Most present day high voltage batteries use dissipative-charge balancing meth-
ods, which result in poor efficiency, additional thermal management burden and
lower overall vehicle range. Furthermore, the output voltages of such batteries re-
main unregulated and may widely change with load and environmental conditions,
complicating the overall power pass design of the electrical power system. As a step
forward to address these issues, this thesis studies a fault-tolerant regulated active
high voltage electric accumulator with integrated power electronics for safe charge
and discharge of the high voltage energy storage system.
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Acknowledgements
First and foremost, I would like to thank my creator for the innumerable blessings
he has bestowed upon me, for surely if I were to try to count his favors upon me, I
would not be able to do so.
It is with immense gratitude that I acknowledge the extraordinary support and
guidance of my supervisors, Dr. Emadi and Dr. Kojori. I am indebted to them
and cannot find words to express my gratitude for their time, encouragement and
mentorship.
I like to thank my parents for their love, prayers, patience and support for which
I am eternally indebted to them.
I like to thank my wife, Hafsa, for her love, support & patience and for making the
most difficult circumstances easy to cope with. I like to thank my wonderful children
who give me peace and joy with their laughter, play and affection. I like to thank my
sisters, brothers and their children for their love, prayers and support.
I like to thank all my colleagues and friends at McMaster University especially
Javier Gallardo Lozano, Adhithya Ravichandran, Parampreet K. Toor, Dr. Pierre
v
Magne, Dr. Pawel Malysz, Chia Hao Tu, Dr. Yanbo Xue and Dr. Berker Bilgin.
IwouldliketothankCherylGiesandTeresaJanesfortheirsupportandassistance
with regards to administrative issues at Mcmaster University.
Finally,IwouldlikeacknowledgethefinancialsupportfromtheCanadaExcellence
Research Chairs Program and MITACS Canada that made it possible for me to work
on my thesis.
vi
Abbreviations
µH: micro Henry
µF: micro Farad
A:Amperes
AC: Alternating Current
Ah: Ampere hours
APU: Auxiliary Power Unit
BMS: Battery Management System
CTQ: Critical To Quality
DC: Direct Current
EPB: Energy Processing Block
ESM: Energy Storage Module
ESS: Energy Storage System
FAA: Federal Aviation Administration
HVEA: High Voltage Electric Accumulator
AHVEA: Active High Voltage Electric Accumulator
kWh: kilo-Watt hours
Li-ion: Lithium ion
ALVEA: Active Low Voltage Electric Accumulator
vii
Ni-Cd: Nickel Cadmium
POR: Point of Regulation
PWM: Pulse Width Modulation
S/GS: Starter / Generator System
TRU: Transformer Rectifier Unit
V: Voltage
VDC: DC Voltage
W: Watts
Wh: Watt hours
ZVS: Zero Voltage Switching
viii
Notations
∆i : Ripple current through output capacitor
Cout
∆i : Ripple current through boost inductors
L
∆Q : Change in charge stored in output capacitor corresponding to ∆V
Cout Cout
∆v : Ripple voltage across output capacitor
Cout
η: Efficiency
C : Rated cell capacity
cap
C : Input capacitance of power mosfet, drain and source terminal shorted
iss
C : Output capacitor/capacitance
out
d: duty cycle
E : Cell energy
cell
E : ESM energy
ESM
E : Minimum energy requirement from AHVEA
min
E : Actual AHVEA energy
sys
f : Switching frequency
sw
i : Current through output capacitor
Cout
I : Maximum rated discharge current per cell
dismax
I : Maximum current required per ESM
inmax
i : Current through boost inductor L1
L1
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