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deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page i EXPLORATIONS IN LOCAL AND REGIONAL HISTORY Centre for Regional and Local History, University of Hertfordshire and Centre for English Local History, University of Leicester series editors: nigel goose and christopher dyer deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page ii Previous titles in this series Volume 1:Landscapes Decoded: the origins and development of Cambridgeshire’s medieval fields by susan oosthuizen (ISBN 978-1-902806-58-7) Volume 2: The Self-Contained Village? the social history of rural communities, 1250–1900 edited by christopher dyer (ISBN 978-1-902806-59-4) deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page iii D E S E R T E D V I L L A G E S R E V I S I T E D edited by christopher dyer and richard jones university of hertfordshire press Explorations in Local and Regional History Volume 3 deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page iv First published in Great Britain in 2010 by University of Hertfordshire Press College Lane Hatfield Hertfordshire AL10 9AB © Copyright the individual contributors 2010. The right of Christopher Dyer and Richard Jones to be identified as the editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-905313-79-2 Design by Geoff Green Book Design,cb4 5ra Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd, Dorchester, dt1 1hd deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page v 1 Contents List of figures vii List of tables ix Notes on contributors xi Abbreviations xiii Series editors’ preface xv Preface xvii Acknowledgements xxi 1 The origins and development of deserted village studies 1 christopher taylor 2 Contrasting patterns of village and hamlet desertion in England 8 richard jones 3 Villages in crisis: social dislocation and desertion, 1370–1520 28 christopher dyer 4 Dr Hoskins I presume! Field visits in the footsteps of a pioneer 46 paul everson and graham brown 5 Houses and communities: archaeological evidence for variation in medieval peasant experience 64 sally v. smith 6 Deserted medieval villages and the objects from them 85 david a. hinton 7 The desertion of Wharram Percy village and its wider context 109 stuart wrathmell 8 Understanding village desertion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries 121 john broad deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page vi vi Deserted Villages Revisited 9 Abandoning the uplands: depopulation among dispersed settlements in western Britain 140 robert silvester 10 ‘At Pleasure’s Lordly Call’: the archaeology of emparked settlements 162 tom williamson 11 Deserted villages revisited: in the past, the present and the future 182 richard jones and christopher dyer Bibliography 184 Index 201 deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page vii 1 Figures 2.1 Changing patterns of desertion in Devon as known in 1968 and 2009 9 2.2 Deserted villages and hamlets in Norfolk 10 2.3 Deserted villages and hamlets in Rutland 17 2.4 East Midlands settlements with particular place-name generics that became parishes 20 2.5 East Midlands settlements with particular place-name generics that have been ‘lost’ 21 2.6 Evidence for the abandonment of the village of Lillingstone Dayrell 25 2.7 Evidence for the abandonment of the hamlet of Elm Green, Wicken 26 3.1 Deserted village sites in Warwickshire and Worcestershire 33 3.2 Location map of places mentioned in the Stratford guild register 34 4.1 Hamilton, aerial photographic view looking north-east 49 4.2 Ingarsby, aerial photographic view looking north-east 53 4.3 Stretton Magna, simplified interpretation of site plan 57 4.4 Knaptoft, remains of sixteenth-century house 60 4.5 Knaptoft, aerial photographic view from the north 61 5.1 Map showing location of sites in the Milton Keynes area 66 5.2 Spatial arrangement of the settlement of Westbury 69 5.3 Development of Division 2 at Westbury 73 5.4 Contrasting archaeological remains of houses at Great Linford and Westbury 78 6.1 Miscellaneous objects from Woodperry 86 6.2 The cistern found at Churchill 94 6.3 Floor plan of the burnt building found at Dinna Clerks 98 6.4 The abandoned building at Pennard on the Gower peninsula 99 7.1 The seventeenth- and eighteenth-century infield and outfield at Wharram Percy 115 7.2 The late-seventeenth-century dispersal of farmsteads at East Matfen 118 8.1 Lincoln diocese, c.1710 122 deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page viii viii Deserted Villages Revisited 8.2 Buckinghamshire case studies showing location of Boarstall and Middle Claydon 126 8.3 The site of Boarstall village c.1580 128 8.4 The site of Boarstall village c.1690 129 8.5 The fate of 1968 listed settlements in the Lincolnshire sample area 136 9.1 Medieval strip fields on Ffridd Camen in Llandrillo on the western edge of the Berwyn 146 9.2 The enclosures of the putative sixteenth-century farmstead at Beili Bedw 150 9.3 Foundations of a long hut in the Duhonw valley on Mynydd Epynt in Brecknock 154 9.4 The head of a small valley running off Aberedw Common 156 9.5 Abandoned cottage encroachments along Cwm Twlch 158 10.1 Somerleyton Hall, and its park, as shown on an estate map of 1652 166 10.2 Chatsworth Park 170 10.3 Houghton Hall and park, from Colen Campbell’s Vitruvius Britannicusof 1722 172 10.4 Earthworks in Houghton Park 173 10.5 Edensor village, clustering at the gates of Chatsworth Park 178 10.6 Ayott St Lawrence: the parish church, rebuilt within the park in 1764 180 deserted villages text_deserted villages 26/01/2010 16:59 Page ix 1 Tables 3.1 Recruitment to the Stratford guild from selected villages 35 5.1 Details of hearths from excavated buildings at Westbury 77 8.1 Middle Claydon: numbers of tenants by farm group size 1648–1787 131 8.2 Middle Claydon: percentage of farm acreage by farm size group 132 8.3 Population change in ‘open’ and ‘close’ villages in the Bernwood and Claydon areas 134 8.4 Continuity and disappearance of 1968 deserted villages in the Lincolnshire Wolds sample area 135