Description of three new barnacles of the genus Elminius (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from South Australia, with a key to species of the Elminiinae

10 Pages·1994·3.5 MB·English

by  D E Bayliss

Transactions ofthe Royal Society ofS, Aust. (1994), 118(2), 115-124.
DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW BARNACLES OF THE GENUS ELMIN1US
(CIRRIPEDIA THORACICA) FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA, WITH A KEY TO
: SPECIES OF THE ELMINIINAE
by D. E. Bayliss*
Summary
Bayi.iss, D. E. (1994) Description ofthree new barnacles ofthe genus Elminius (Cirripedia : Thoracica) from
South Australia, with a key to the Elminiinae. Trans. R. Soc S. Aust. 118(2), 115-124, 31 May, 1994.
Three new species ofintcrtidal barnacles from South Australia are described. Elminiusflmdersi sp. nov. is
acomparatively largespecies, greytowhiteincolourwhich favourshabitatswithstrongwatermovementalthough
not direct wave action. It has a long hatchet shaped tergum with a centrally localised fold. In comparison with
congenerstheshell isstrongandthecirri arebroadandrobust. E. placidussp. nov. isasmallerand more fragile
species found in very sheltered localities, including mangroves in the Spencer Gulf- It can be distinguished by
itsbandedshellandwedge-shapedtergum. Thebodyandcirriareveryelongated. E. erubescenssp. nov. iscommon
inthehigh intertidalzoneintheAdelaideregion. It iseasilydistinguishedbythereddishcolorationofitstranslucent
shell which gives a dark purple appearance on rock.
It is suggested that South Australia has Elminiinae distinct from those of the Eastern States of Australia.
KEY Words: Cirripedia, Elminiusflmdersi sp. nov., Elminiusplacidus sp. nov., Elminius erubescens sp. nov.,
Elminius modestus, Elminius adehudae, Elminius covertus, intertidal, South Australia, taxonomy.
Introduction E. covertus was not found in South Australiaalthough
E. modestus was present. Jones (1990) has identified
In South Australiabarnacles belongingtothegenus both E. covertus and E. modestus from southern
Elminius are highly abundant (Womersley & Edmonds Western Australia.
1958; Hutchings & Recher 1982; Bayliss 1982). Until There is little fossil material, but Buckeridge (1982)
recently, they were classified as Elminius modestus hasdescribed E. chapronierei fromthe lower Miocene
Darwin, as were those found in eastern Australia, in Victoria and E. pomahakensis from the upper
Western Australia and New Zealand. This situation Oligocene in New Zealand (Buckeridge 1984) and
arose from the very broad definition of this species suggested the subfamily originated in south-east
obtained from a combined examination of Darwin's Australia. He proposed a two-phased migration from
(1854) original description and illustrations with those Australiato New Zealand and South America, firstly
of Popes (1945) paper. intheOligoceneforElminiuswith aspuronthetergum
Foster (1980) suggested that Pope's description and subsequently, intheCenozoic, forElminiuslacking
confused a new species with E. modestus as known a spur.
in New Zealand (Moore 1944; Morton& Miller 1968; This paperdescribes three new species ofElminius
Foster 1978) and that Darwin's original material may which, with E. modestus and E. adelaidae, brings to
alsohavebeenacombinationofthesetwospecies. The livethe numberofspeciesofthis genus found in South
new species, E. covertus, was subsequently described Australia.
by Foster (1982) together with a six-plated barnacle,
Hexaminiuspopeiana. A new subfamily, Elminiinae, Systematic*
was proposed toaccommodatethem. Studiesoflarvae
by Egan & Anderson (1985) support the establishment Suborder Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817
of this subfamily. Family Archaeobalanidae Newman and Ross, 1976
Foster(1982) furthermoresuggestedthatE. modestus Subfamily Elminiinae Foster, 1982
wasaNew Zealand specieswhichhadbeen introduced Genus Elminius Leach, 1825
into Australia by foulingon shipping, probably in the Type species Elminius kingii Gray, 1831
nineteenth century; E. covertuswas, therefore, theonly
known endemic Australian species. Bayliss (1988) Elminiusflindersi sp. nov.
described another species, E. adelaidae, which is FIGS 1, 3
abundant in the Adelaide region, and suggested that
Holotype: SAMC4242, onironpilingsofferryjetty.
Penneshaw. Kangaroo Island, South Australia;
* Kathleen Lumley College, 51 Finniss Street, North
Adelaide, South Australia 5006 35°44'S, 137°57'E; D. Bayliss, 21.vii.1992; dissected
Currentaddress: 7Thomas Street, Kingsgrove, N.S.W. 2208 (partially).
lie D. E_ BAYUSS
mm
2
Fig. 1. EtminiusjHndersi sp. nov. holotype. A. External view ot shell; B. inner view ofshell; C. seutum, internal view:
DK.Ml.ergcuirmr,iiMnitelr;nalN.viemwi;ddEl.essceugtmuem,nte,xtpeorsntalerviioerw;raFm.utse,rgcuimr.ruesxtVeIr.nalview;G,body; H. labrum; I. mandible;J. maxillule;
JHKLL fsLW UARNACLfcS bROM SOL TH AUSTRALIA in
Paratypes: SAMC4243,WAM 121-92; D. Ba>-"tss, Compuristm with other species: Elminiusjlinderst
21.vii.m92, same locality as holoiype. is larger and more robust than other members of the
Desrripfion oflu>hiype\ Shell (Figs IA. IB): conical, genus found in Australia- The shell is thicker and
while (b grey, opaque. Purieties folded. Orifice comparatively strong. The opercularplatesareopaque
pentagonal in outline, width H length, cartnal sides ratherthan translucent The body is broadand rounded
almost twice as long as lateral sides, rostral ->ide with broad cirri,
straight Basal outline sinuous, deeply undulating. Alae £ flindem cannot bereliably distinguished fromE.
wider than radii with lessoblique summits. Radiiwith modestuson thebasisofexternal shellappearance. The
oblique summits, narrow. Shell 10mm in basal opercular plates are. however, quite different, The
diameter, 9.5mm in width, 4mm in height tergum (Fig. ID, IF) is harchet shaped with a long
Opcrcula (Figs 1C. ID, IE, IF). Solid white togrey handle and an articular furrow which is restricted to
in colour. Scutum longer than high, basal marcin the central portion.
slightly convex with slight upward turning at tergal E moderns (Fig. 2B, 2D) hasa deeparticular fold
comer, cresUs fordepressormuscles absent, articular running from the apical end to almost the basiscutal
ridge, articular furrow nuxlerately developed, adductor angle. Thearticular margin, unless worn, is straight.
ridge notapparent, adductorpit taint, externally growth The scutum (Fig 2Cj has agrey bund, but this feature
ridges present. is not always apparent.
Tergum hatchet shaped, vertical articular ridge 7\bl_t 1- Ctrrutcounts. Elmirnus Hinders]j/A<rt0w \imterior
folding inward to form centrally limited ibid, articular nmiuxJlrsi),
margin genllv curving in apical region from eaitna!
margin, becoming parallel with basal margin to form Basal diameter
(mm) Cirrus
long narrow handle, basal margin curving sharply, I II in iv V V|
almost at right angles, to Conn projection withcattrial
\[){\ (holotypei 11,7 10,9 12.11 22.20 24.25 26.27
margin, projection with prominent, deeply carved
5.0 12,6 10.1 12.11 18.17 21.20 23.22
crests lortergal depressor muscles, spurconfluentwith fcfl 12,7 11,11 !?.!> 21.20 23,24 26.25
basiscutal angle. fi.O 12,7 10,9 M.I3 23-,23 27,27 21JH
Body (Fig. 1G). prosotna white, broad, rounded 10.0 11.7 11.10 i3.it 22.10 24,23 23,23
Cirri light reddish brown in living specimens, cirri 1,
IIand III slightly darkerthancirri IV, V andVf, colour
lost on preservation.
Mouthparts (figs IH-IJ): Labrtim with three teeth
and setulae, on each side ot central notch, Mandible
with live teeth, lowershort pectinateedge terminating
in short curved spine. Maxillule with twolargespines
above notch, live smaller spines in notch, tour large
spines below notch, smaller spines at lowei an^le.
i
Cirri (Figs IK-IN) Cirrus I with anterior ramus
x 1.5 length ol posterior ramus, segments broad.
Slightly protuberant. AnteriorramusofcirrusII sjigbtly
longer than posterior ramus, segments slightly
protuberant anteriorly. Cirrus III with anterior ramus
slightly longer thanposteriorramus,segments slightly mm
protuberant anteriorly; setae on both rami extremely
long, stout pectinate setae on six distal segments of /
posteriorramus. Cirri IVto VI all subequal in length,
segments with three largepairs, twosmall pairso1 setae
onanterior lace, small proximal pair oJ setae between
segments. Number of segments in rami of cirri t-VI
shown in Table I-
Penis: Penisas longascirrus VF setose, baMuVisal
point absent.
timation: Shellcan be tubular, conical or flattened,
-. i
Parieties can he smooth or undulating with variable
numberol longitudinal folds. Maximum basal diameter ft
17Emimy.moCtoolxyo:ur Tvahreiessfprecoimeswhintaemteo lrigehftergsreyt.o the FigB..2.teErhgmunmi,usinmte<rHnha\lluvsieDwa.rwCi.n.seAutrusmc,uteuxmt,erinnatlernvailewv;iewD.;
FHndersian biogeographic region. tcrgutri. external view
iik t> t k-\> • |&5
h. tnatipiw also can be distinguished from other lirgg m/csonjettiesjlthough il isnot foundun surfaces
member-ot'the gemis in lacking peuinare i i.tl or. Hi. facng directly into waves at more exposed localities.
prfsteritfrramus ofcirrus [IJ The npcreutai flstpd arc Outsidethe jmlfregions it ts found in habitats prcHectCd
pUtc wrvte with a grey hand at the iostral end and a from oceanicwavessuch asinboa! enclosures behind
"i.ill orange Jot centrally fi. flinders' has ;i dark breakwater^
ho»wn handa! the rostral endand another brown b.mO Settlement occurs on a wide variety of surfaces
centrally1 on Haps which arc dull while. including roekv cement, wood, metal and plastic. Il
B. tulelttidtietBcOyUss IMHK Fig 2B) ha* a very small
iv rarely found in maneroves where water flow is
.mi* ular furrow, whichmay notbe visibleil thetergum gentle. At Port Pirie it can be found DP fl>c|tfi in the
is viewed direciiy frOW above Tfic Sftetl tS JUO^l strongly flowing sectionsuf'the lidal river, but nol m
thinner. translucent, and is light brown The opercular nearby mangroves
flaps are, however, too close to £ lltndersi fa
apptarahee to be useful lor identification. Disltihutiou: Elminhi.s flindersi is widespread til
ffohirm, IJminiusflimU'rsi is found in the tpttltlvial South viMi.fhi hum Kangaroo Island toCedunaand
/one iia waters sheltered from direct wave action It the western Byre Peninsula, and occurs in both gdlft
Isfound in habitats with strongerwater How and rtwre (r% 3} In the Spencer Gulf it can be lound at fori
turhulcnec than other members of the Genus in South w.nsu indicatingthai il can tolerate thewide salinity
Australia. In Ihe £ull re^iorr, where w.oe impact is and temperature range found in .South Ausrrabun
diminished it ocurs on exposed rocks, If ^rows p waters.
F%.sy\tiLnhsstrjinhtullnl'Uttitoilimu/*~hta,!^nib,4t:sfvfvwmh*v-PM npojtvfteifn||,Sttfu'fMtimtAtuystr'(a'l/iWa.,//>/.wH:t_vliv-.. Mmmm\ jlimUtsi \p 0<w h'lmhuus/u'tuntn\
M
IHkll. Ni:W UARNAU.FiS FWM SOUTH MiSlHAUA m
Elminius ptucidus Ip, nov pigment. Number ofsegment* in rami ofcirri 1 10 VJ
FIGS 3. 4 ^hrjwfl in Tabic 2.
24.S1hUTWhHoimaMsftf&etfFfdWmoWnodmsersIlM7c9y; S1c61E,dmHuotncdhsingJs1(58A:t Tt\i)timtti-Ai:J2t,rxtC)u,faltotmiA, F.liniiiuis pKK-i'Jus>/' "m biohn.n
Rcchcr l(iK2: 95, Basal diameter
llnlolspe: SAM C4244. onbranches ofAvtWWifl iitMin Cirrus
w/WM/mCYvwcli, South Australia. 33**8'S. IftWL: I 111 JV \ I
6. Kayliss. 6ii.|092: dissected ipartially). raiMatypH) 14.H HU0 13.ti 27.24 socfjmP
6 nPaMr8a2to,pessa;meSAloMcaCli4t2y45a,s WhoAloMtyp7e2.8-92, D. Ba>!iss, 4Ji.o 111442,.,f6', 1I'0.9).,J'1*H0 |11421i4l1.2l1 2&2343.*22313 22267%.222*57 33210B..,222796
D?\(,riph<>tt (tfhttjttnpr: Shell (Fig. 4A, 4&V up BJ1 l-i.K 10.10 14. 25.24 28 23 36,21
conical, prey to while with thin brown and dh] k gf^y
bands parallel to bt'9£ Paricties gently folded. Shell Ferns: Pernsas fnflg ascirrus VI, setose, basidorsal
thin and nearly translucent. Orifice large, pentagonal point Hbscnt
inoutline, rostral sideconcave and broad, eannal sides fariati&in Shell Is usually uprightconicalortubular
longerthan lateral sides, width % length. Basal outline and rarely flattened. Shell may have visible banding
sinuous. Alae wider than radii with less oblique but XIt) magnification fcsotuu required to see the dark
summits. Radii with oblique summits, narrow: radii and light bands. On mangroves the barnacles nav
and alae with prominent growth lines. Shell 7mm in appear solidly erey. Some specimens collected from
basal diameter. 5mm in width, 5mm in height. Toeks have dark grey bands and ihe shell may appear
Opcrcula (Figs 4R-F): thin, translucent, white in almost bluish Thomas tc Fdmonds (l979jj described
colour, grey margin near articulating margins cl ihe shell as heuig 'bluish-green' Some specimenshave
internal surfacesofterguiuand scutum. Scutum longer a slight pink flngjg towards the top of rhe punches.
than high, basal marginslightly convex with prominent Thetergum iscKirernely thin nearthe basal margin
depression tordepressor muscles, nocrestsapparent, and wear may alterthe shape. In some specimens the
articular ridge, articular furrow miKierately developed, tergum is virtually triangular with the basal margin
adductor ridge, adducior pit not apparent. externaliy u-iy gently curving from the tergal crcsis to the
growth ridges present. basiscutal angie, On unworn specimens the external
Tergurn wedge shaped, articular margin and basal sudace ofthe tergum is grey with a white area at the
margin gently curving from apical end. ctwveryirre On apical i?nd.
basiscutal angle, articularfurrow shallow, apical portion Thescutumin many specimenshasa nearly straight
large with small, feeble crests lor tergal depressor basal marginand thearticular margin isalmost at right
muscles; spur confluent with basiscutal angle. angles forming a right angle triangle shape, The
Body (Fig. 4G); Prosoiha white, narrow,elongated, depression lor the depressor muscle is usually well
palps and chti I lo III very dark brown, cirri IV to formed with the shell beingextremely thin in thisarea
VI light brown withdarkbrown pigmentalongandm i hjynmlo^w The species name is derived from the
(vice ">f segments, cirrus T covering oral cone. Limnptuiuiu.\ meaningcalm, tranquil with reference
Mmiihparis (Figs 4H .1*: Labium with three tefitfl to the habitat of this species.
and setulae \m each side of central notch. Mandible Comparison witholhcrsprats: The shell isthin and
with bve teeth, lower pectinate edge terminating in translucent wilh narrow dark bands. Other specie- afC
-4i"n curved spine. Maxillule with two large spines umfoim in colour and lack the alternating light and
above notch, five smallerspines in notch, four large dark banding. The opercularplatesarethin withgrey
spines below notch, smaller spines at lower angle margins internally alotuj the articulating margins.
Cirri (Figs 4K-N»: CinrisI with amenor ramus %\ 1 The iergum isdistinctive i \ sh;ipe. The apical reeu-p
length ofposterinr ramus, anterior ramus with broad i> lar^e with vety leeble crests The articular margin
proximal segments, narrow distal segments, with long and the basal margin curve gently to the basiscutal
setae, segments slightly protuberant- AnteriorTamus angle forming a triangular or wedge shape.
of cirrus IJ slightly longer than posterior ramus, Theprosoma isnarrowandelongatedusarcthecirri.
segmentsslightly protuberant anteriorly. Cirrus 111 with The dark colour ofthe cirri contrasts with the white
anterior ramus *:J.25 length of posterior ramus. prosoma. The coloration survives preservation.
segments slightly protuberantanteriorly, setae on rami TheopercularHapsarccream with adarkblack band
very long, stoutpectinate setae on six distal segments at the rostral endand another blackband centrally. This
of posterior ramus. Cirri IV to VI all subequol in enables it to be distinguished Irom t, modestHS, bul
length, segment with fourlarge pairs, twosmall an:- it cannot be readily distinguished from other South
OfSCtiLC Oti .interior face, small proximal pairof setae Australianspecies whichhave die same patternofdark
bclween segments, anterior face With dark brown bands: on iighter coloured Haps.
120 D. E BAYLISS
:^_
AB —
.
CDEF v_ __,
G . '
KLM . mm
1
HIJ
, 2mm
Fig. 4. Elminius placidus sp. nov. holotype. A. External view or shell; B. inner view ofshell; C. scutum, internal view;
KD.Mt.ergcuirmr,iiTn-t1eUr;nalN.viemwi;ddEl.essceugtmume,nte,xtpeorsntaelrviioerw;raFmutse,rgcuimr,ruesxtVeIr.nal view;G. body; H. labrum; I. mandible;J. maxillulc;
THREE NEW BARNACLES FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA 121
A
B
' '
rnfF
G u .
KIM
mm
1
HIJ
mm
D 2
Fig. 5. Elminius erubescenssp. nov. holotype. A. External viewofshell: B. inner view ofshell; C. scutum, internal view;
D. tergum, internalview;E. scutum,external view;F.tergum,externalview;G. body; H. labium; I. mandible;J. maxillule;
K-M, cirri Mil: N. middle segment, posterior ramus, cirrus VI.
122 at- IJAYM&S
Uahihit Eh'ttnihipfaGtdUS (5 Ml internal species i i posterior ramus, cements slightly protuberant
which is Iburtd in sheltered hatmats It is highly anteriorly Cirrus III wilhanteriorramusslightly longer
abundant in mangroves in Spencet Gull It settles nn than posterior ramus, segments slightly protuberant
maiuliesandpncumatophoies, hut is larely found flfl ameiioiJv. setaeoi\ both uimi long, stout pectinatesetae
leaves, It isnot restricted to mangroves hutalsoseltFs on six distal segments of posterior ramus. Cirrus IV
un rucks, cement. wood, nietal and other surfaces to VI subequal in length- segments with three large
lh\tnhiiti<>t<\ f-'hfiiuitts }>la< >>lus is widespread, befflg p.iirs, tWO '-mall pairs ofsetaeon anterior face- small
found un Kangaroo Island Vorke Peninsula, Spcncvi proximal pairof setae between segments. Numberof
Gull and Hya Peninsula (Pig V). It is nol lound in segments in rami ofciori i to VI shown in Table 3,
the mangroves north ol Adelaide which are occupied
hy / tuit'louluc. Tvlil I 3 (Jrral ctmnL\: Elminius crubeseens sj>. rttn
tanwrwr minus fir.v.t.
Elminius etuhescens sp no\ has.il diameter
PIGS 3. 5 (TfimJ Cirrus
rj III TV V!
lilmim'us covering Foster 1982; 26. H.O (huloivpiM 12.7 9.9 11,10 21.24 25 24 2$,30
al HQojlcoitlyClpgc:boSaAtMraCm4p2,4oA.decloalildeec,tedSooUnfljluhAhucsiintdyit,v,s 77/ fsl 1II34M,.fS6i 11001..,8010 11I122,.J11211 222053,.,221809 222539,222134 223255...3221s4
34tMio'S, 138°36'F, D. Raybss. 19.vi.WI. dissected 9-0 t2,ti 9,9 13.12 2,3,23 25.26 30.27
ipaitiiiHv).
Paratypcs: SAM C4247. \VAM 729-M2. D Bayliss, Penis: Penisaslongascirrus VI. seiose. hasidorsal
&«J tWt ffolfl the same locality ag holotvpc. point absent.
Dru tipit'on of ihe holotypc Shell (Figs 5A. 58): Variation. Minimus vrubtscens is usually flattened
flattened conical, translucent with red coloration, although tubular and upright conical formscan occur.
appearing datk purplebefore ihe body amoved, colour Hieshell oftenhas baud longitudinalfoldswhichvary
vrevish purple when preserved Parieties gently folded in number between specimens. Maximum basal
Orilice small, pentagonal in outline, width 34 length. diameter l2mn).
lustral side short and sliaight.othei sidesalmost equal h\ttmlo£\- The specific name is derived from Ihe
in length Basal outline >inuous, Alac wider than radii, Latinenthescerc, to blush with modesty, in reference
wtlh lev*ohln(iie summits. Radii withobliquesummits, i.i it$ redness. wr
narrow. Shell 8mm in nasal dratnater, 7mm in width. Cl>mpunst>n wtfjb spcacs: Llmimtt.\ emhescens
3mm in height can be easily distinguished fromotherspecies in South
Opeivula /Figs 5C-F): Thin translucent, reddish Australia by thervdcolorationofthetranslucent shell
ere\ ish purple with white areas when preserved which, in rhe field, appears dark purple. The shell is
Scutumlonger lhau high, hasal margin slightly come\ Otherwise-close to £ tttodtStMS, It lackstheridgesseen
with upward turning al tergal corner, articular ridge m fi cttvenus, although worn specimens of the iwo
articular furrow moderately developed, apex rellecied speciesaa- similar in appearance. The tergoseuial Haps
outwards, externally gtowth ridges apparent. fire straw topale yellow with twodark browntoblack
Tcrgum wilh articular ridge folding inwards to form hands. A small portioncd the Hapsbetween the tostial
well developed lurrow, articularmarginconcave, hasal end and the firstdarkband are while, h. covertushas
margin curving sharply to formprojection withcarinal six pairs uf dark spots on white tergoseutal flaps.
nurgin, well developed Lresis lor tergal derpe.ssor Hhbttdt: Elminiuseruh€JfcctjS iscommon insheltered
mij.clcs. spur confluent with basiseutal angle waters in the Adelaide region although ii is not found
Body (Fig. 50»: Prosoma light bruwn. palps and m mangroves. It settles on a wide variety ofsurfaces
cirri I and II with somedark hpiwn pigment, cirri 111 including rOCk, a'nicul. wood, metal and mhher. If
to VI clear partially light brown preserved material ft Ihe highcsl barnacle in the inlcrtidal 7.onc. There is
with body and cirri almost uniformly light hrown, hrtlc overlap with /•". modzftnis which forms a tone
prosoma andcirri elongated,cirrus I overtoppingorjM tielowit On aides it is usually foundonsurluces which
ennt are overlapping ot do not face directly into the
Moulhparis digs 5H-J)* Lahrum with three tetrih afternoon sun. although it can stand exposure to
and selulae pn each side of central uoMi Mandible sunlight forpari of'heday- E adfhiidnvavoidssunlight
Willi live teelh. lowershort pectinate edgeterminating and is found under nuks which are lower it) the
in short uirvcd spine Maxillule with two Lure spirit iriMUdal zone,
helow nnleh. smaller spines al lower angle Otsrrihution. This species is very common in the
Cirri {Figs 5K-Ni Cirrus I wilh anterior ramus -1-5 Adelaide region- bul wasnot foundelsewhere inSouth
h-ngih of posterior ramus, segment* sliently Australia (Fig. 3». Its distribution outside o\' South
(..oMUi.inr Ant.-riur ramusofcirrus 11 slightly lOOgfcJ Australia is unknown.
\ i
THROE NtW BARNAD F.S FROM SOITH AUSTkAMA £3
Key to species of the Elminiinae Souih Australian barnacle populations are
geographically isolated from the eastern States bv a
Shdl Willi Ih.II long expanse of'coastline, from Robe lo Cape Otway
comparuncntal plates . . , in Victoria, in which mtcrtidal species are virtually
cShoemlplarwtiimlioxnitaI plates ........ aAubssternatlia(WtohreriteerasrleeyextAensFivdemoatnedass of19c5o8a)s.tliInne wSfouucthh
Teryuni with spV/
confluent with baMsculal are protected from oceanic waves in the gulfs which
uTnegrkgum with distinct.s,pu.r Ehmnius kitisii Gray oCocnctuarirnedideianltlhieabvlaGrUiSetfyorofEJsmhmeiltuesr.edSpheacbiiattaitosnwmhaiychhaavree
(South Aniern.ii
Shell white or xr&y 4 available
.
Shell not white 01 grey S It isalso possible that species fromelsewhere along
Shell while, u-rgurn with the southern coastline of Australia have been
straight articukn margin,
deep articular furrow . DEa/rnwwiunu\(AnuusntUrawlfiuas. hKW sipnetcniKelsuciend.othAetrpSrteasleensthatshenodtisbtereibnatdieotneromfinEeldm.inTihues
Zealand. Kumpe, Snub presence ol F. vowrtus in Western Australia (Foster
Africa)
Shell greyish white, 1982) hasbeenconfirmedbv Jones(1990). Il is possible
tergum hatchet shaped. that it was introduced from eastern Australia. E,
concave articular niaruin. modestus may havebeen introduced from New Zealand
centrally Idealised furrow Ijfwnnt.* flintier\i >p nnv (poster 1982; Flowerdew 1984). butanelectrophoretic
Shell grey; narrow daik (South Australia! iomparison involving South Australian forms lias yet
hands alternating with to be done.
white Icrgum wedge Al presentthere is a large scale attempt toestablish
sshhaalpleodwi fwuerarkowcrests. Etminitt.s phirUhiS sp uov an oyster industry in South Australia using spat from
(South Australia) Tasmania. Thiscould lead to introductions ofspecies
Shell light brown, tergum not endemic to South Australia
wreistthriscmteadllloluarpircoawl end Klmmius aJcta'tdac Twospecies ofEhmnhts areextremely abundant in
. Bayliss (South Australia) mangroves in South Australia, but their distributions
Shell translucent with ted do not overlap, E udtfunktr is found in the mangroves
coloration purple in north of Adelaide whereas E. pltutdus is found m
cliocnlcd,avIeciagrOtrincuwlairltmargin, mangroves in the Spencer Gull The two gulfs have
deep furrow Etmtttius vnihcMttis sp considerable differences in ihcit marine invertebrate
nov. (South Australia) fauna (Shepherd &83jj
Srihdeglels,bu(lelrgruerdn WhiatthchCefttAftl Only E. adelmdac utilises the leavesas well as the
shaped Ehuinius c<wrtu\ rosier branchesand pncumalophorcs. Anderson etal. (1988)
. lNSW. Western Austutno have described aspecies ih.xamimusfoliorum, which
Srheedldlisphalbemwbrriowbnanwdisth is specialised Ecu living onleaves. The adaptations they
between low ribs, tergum list as important for this species, which include thin
with spur longer ihan shell, thickbasal memhrane longelongated cirri and
bauscutal angle HAtenoxdnaermsi(onNnuS,iWs)Afnbdleirosnownt & rNeavpeirdthceirlreasls.be£aticnugl,ekaurdeaealgsroowfsoutnodaminuEc.haldaregleuridsiuzce.,
Shell greyish cream wilh is found in other habitats and has a larger variety of
darker radial bands, cirral beating patterns, including ihe ability to hold the
tergum with spur not cirral fan fully extended. J5 phtadus has a mure
longer than h<tMxcuU«l restricted ranee ofcirral activity and lacks the ability
angle HFfu\s4ki-rfri(inNiuS\Wj)uiptintui lo beat rapidly. The basal memhrane is also thinner.
Its thin shell and elongated body suggest a Bpecfies
adapted for very calm habitats, bur not necessarily
Discussion mangroves,
Jn New Zealand £ modesuts is reported lo live in
The diversity of extant species, its well as tonsil mangroves (Moore 1944; Morton& Miller 1968). The
evidence, suggests that the F.lmiminae originated itt present author has observed several spatfalls in
south-eastern Australia(Buckeridge pR2, 1984).The mangroves near .Adelaide, but they failed lo persist.
species present In South Australia are, with the It Ls uncommon for E. flinders/' to be found in
exception of Elminius modestus, not found itt NSW mangO'ves .w^\ no E rndwstms were found in
The genus Hexatmnhts is not represented in South mangroves despite its abundance on rocks in the
Australia and Ehnmius an'frrus is also absent. Adelaide region.
124 D. E. BA\LLSS
Acknowledgments Foster, B. A. (1978) The marine fauna ot New Zealand:
Barnacles(Cirripedia: Thoraeica). Mem. N.Z. Oeeanogr.
t would like lo thank Dr A. J. Butler for providing Inst. 6(91.9801)-1B60iogcographic implicationsofre-examination
use of microscopes for examining specimens and for ofsome common shore barnacles of Australia and New.
reading a draft of the manuscript. Zealand. Proc hit. S\mp. Mar. Biogeographx&Evolution
in the Southern Hemisphere. 613-623. N.Z. DSIR
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(1982) Two new intertidal balanoid barnacles from
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(SAoructhhaWeaolbeasl,aniindcaleu:dinEglmaidneisicnraiep)tifornoomfamannegwrosvpeecsieosf.NRce<w; JONLEeSp,aDd.omSo.r(p1h99a0,) TBhaelashnaolmloorwp-hwaat)erobfarnsaocultehser(nCirWreipsetdeiran:
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