Description of a new genus Praephiline gen. nov. (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Philinidae)

2009·0.2 MB·

by  E. M. Chaban

ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 18(2): 205–211 25 DECEMBER 2009
Description of a new genus Praephiline gen. nov.
(Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Philinidae)
E.M. CHABAN & E.V. SOLDATENKO
E.M. Chaban, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, St. Petersburg 199034,
Russia. E-mail: [email protected]
E.V. Soldatenko, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, St. Petersburg
199034, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]
A new genus of opisthobranch mollusks Praephiline gen. nov. is described for Philine finmar-
chica M. Sars, 1858. Philine finmarchica differs significantly from the type of Philine – Philine
aperta in the morphology of gizzard and male copulatory apparatus. The status of Philine thur-
manni thurmanni Marcus & Marcus, 1969 and Philine thurmanni chilla Marcus & Marcus, 1969
is discussed; they are considered to be distinct species and assigned to the new genus – Prae-
philine thurmanni (Marcus & Marcus, 1969) and Praephiline chilla (Marcus & Marcus, 1969).
Key words: taxonomy, gastropod mollusks, Gastropoda, Philinidae, Philine, Praephiline,
new genus
INTRODUCTION Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1858 belong
to different genera, primarily because of the
Family Philinidae has the greatest di-
differences in the morphology of the gizzard
versity of forms among cephalaspidean mol-
and the copulatory apparatus. We describe
lusks, so it is not surprising that several gen-
a new genus Praephiline for Philine finmar-
era were described in this family. But “the
chica and give an annotated diagnosis for
genera Hermania Monterosato, 1884, Laona
Philine.
A. Adams, 1865, Philinorbis Habe, 1950,
Yokoyamaia Habe, 1950 and Globophiline
RESULTS
Habe, 1958 erected on differences of shell
form and, in the case of Laona, on the loss Philine Ascanius, 1772
of the gizzard, are considered to be unneces-
sary” (Rudman, 1972: 186). This view was Type species: Philine quadripartita Asca-
supported by Gosliner (1980: 347). Based nius, 1772 (= Bulla aperta Linnaeus, 1767).
on this, Valdés (2008) provided a list of syn- Diagnosis. Shell flattened dorso-ven-
onyms of Philine Ascanius, 1772 including trally, almost circular in outline. Radula
almost all the described genera except Spin- 1:0:1. Gizzard plates strongly calcified with
iphiline Gosliner, 1988. The latter genus has two holes on outer surface; paired gizzard
apomorphies in the shell form, morphology plates larger, of the same size, triangular
of the gizzard plates, and length of the vis- with extended front and rear ends; unpaired
ceral loop (Gosliner, 1988: 89). We agree plates narrower. Plates bound by continu-
that division of philinids based on differ- ous sheath consisting alternately of muscle
ences of the shell form is artificial. However, and thin horny layer. Copulatory apparatus
accumulated data on the morphology of the includes a bag with a hammer shaped pe-
Atlantic philinid species (Brown, 1933–34; nis, incurrent and ejaculatory ducts, com-
Pruvot-Fol, 1930; Marcus & Marcus, 1968; ing out of the penial sheath; together they
Bouchet, 1975, Marcus, 1973; Chaban & form an extension – seminal vesicle. Long
Soldatenko, 2009) clearly indicate that at prostate with smooth walls begins from
least Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) and seminal vesicle. Tip of prostate connected
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes
206 E.M. CHABAN & E.V. SOLDATENKO. PRAEPHILINE – NEW GENUS OF GASTROPOD MOLLUSKS
with penis sheaths by a connective band. semi-lunar in cross section. Penial papilla
Incurrent duct with thin dense shiny walls. hammer-shaped, with spoon-shaped muscle
Long transparent ejaculatory duct divided mass around the papilla base; hole of ejacula-
lengthwise by a partition into 2 equal chan- tory duct not closed with muscular folds.
nels and ends in the distal appendages of pe-
nis, its hole closed with muscular folds. Praephiline finmarchica (M. Sars, 1858),
new combination
Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) (Figs 1d–f, 2b, e)
(Figs 1a–c, 2a, c, d)
Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1858: 49.
Bulla aperta Linnaeus, 1767: 1183. Philine finmarchica: G.O. Sars, 1878: Tab. 18,
Philine aperta: Vayssiére, 1880: Pl. 8, Figs 70–72, Figs 10a–c, 11 (shell), Tab. XII, Figs 1, 2,
Pl. 9, Figs 73–82, Pl. 10, Figs 83, 84; Guiart, 3 (radula); Lemche, 1948: 96 (synonymy);
1901: 29 (synonymy), 33–42 (biology), Figs Marcus & Marcus, 1969: 10, 12, Figs 13–16
40–42 (gizzard plates), 105–111, Figs 58–62 (gizzard and penial morphology); Ivanov et
(central nervous system), 146–148, Figs 86, al., 1985: Fig. 131 (gizzard); Gosliner, 1994:
88 (reproductive system), 159–178 (devel- Fig. 58a (central nervous system, scheme);
opment); Pruvot-Fol, 1930: 45–49, Figs 4–5 Golikov, 1994: 60, Fig. 117 (distribution),
(morphology); Brown, 1934: 179–210, Figs Fig. 139f (shell); Chaban & Soldatenko,
1–38 (morphology, development); Lemche, 2009: 6, 8, Figs 1c–g, 3a–f, 4c, d (shell, penial
1948: 90–91 (synonymy); Thompson, 1976: morphology).
132, Figs 68–69; Chaban & Soldatenko, Diagnosis. Shell, gizzard plates and wall,
2009: 6, Figs 1a, b, 2a–f, 4a, b (shell, penial and ejaculatory duct the same as in diagno-
morphology). sis of the genus. Radula 1:0:1. Penial papilla
Diagnosis. Corresponds to that of the hammer-shaped, its distal appendage bear-
genus. Distal end of penial papilla appears ing transverse ridges and warts; penis with
smooth with optic microscope, but is actual- spoon-shaped muscle mass around the base
ly covered with small warts and short longi- of papilla. Ejaculatory duct ends at the base
tudinal folds (Chaban & Soldatenko, 2009). of penial papilla; the hole not closed with
muscular folds. Prostate long, with shallow
Praephiline gen. nov. pocket protrusions in the middle part.
Notes. Philine thurmanni thurmanni
Type species: Philine finmarchica M. Sars, Marcus & Marcus, 1969 is close to P. fin-
1858. marchica. It was originally described from
Diagnosis. Shell well developed, pear specimens collected in the South Atlantic
shaped, from 2.5 whorls, apex flattened. Ocean off the Argentina coast. The two spe-
Shell sculpture consists of thin dense spi- cies are similar in the morphology of shell,
ral grooves. Radula (1): 1:0:1: (1). Gizzard gizzard wall and gizzard plates, and both
plates strongly calcified, identical in size and have a muscular spoon-shaped flap. Philine
shape, large, rod-shaped, slightly flattened thurmanni thurmanni resembles P. finmar-
with truncated tips, with outer crest, about chica in having the orifice not closed with
three times as long as wide. Annular muscu- muscular folds but differs from the latter in
lature of gizzard consists of an outer entire the presence of marginal teeth, the absence
layer, surrounding the gizzard, and an inter- of crests on penial papilla, and the ejacula-
rupted inner one, connecting the crests of tory duct ending in the distal appendages of
the plates. Gizzard wall covered with a solid penis. We consider Philine thurmanni thur-
ring of connective tissue. Ejaculatory duct manni as a distinct valid species assigned to
short, with strongly developed muscular the new genus Praephiline thurmanni.
wall; it has 2 unequal channels: the central Another former subspecies, Philine thur-
one narrow, circular, and the peripheral one manni chilla Marcus & Marcus, 1969 from
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 205–211
E.M. CHABAN & E.V. SOLDATENKO. PRAEPHILINE – NEW GENUS OF GASTROPOD MOLLUSKS 207
Fig. 1. Philine aperta: gizzard (a); gizzard plates, inner view (b); gizzard plates: paired plates, outer
view, unpaired plate, lateral view (c); Praephiline finmarchica: gizzard (d); gizzard plates, inner view
(e); gizzard plates, two plates in outer view, one plate, lateral view (f).
Scale bar (a–d, f): 3 mm.
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 205–211
208 E.M. CHABAN & E.V. SOLDATENKO. PRAEPHILINE – NEW GENUS OF GASTROPOD MOLLUSKS
Fig. 2. Philine aperta, cross section of gizzard, scheme after Brown (1934) (a); Praephiline finmar-
chica, cross section of gizzard, scheme after Marcus & Marcus (1969) (b); part of copulatory appara-
tus of Philine aperta, after Pruvot-Fol (1930) (c); cross section of ejaculatory duct, scheme: Philine
aperta, based on Pruvot-Fol (1930) (d), Praephiline finmarchica, based on Chaban & Soldatenko
(2009) (e).
Abbreviations: ej, ejaculatory duct; hl, horny layer connecting muscle sheets; m, gizzard muscle sheet;
pl, gizzard plate; pr, prostate; s, stomodeal lining.
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 205–211
E.M. CHABAN & E.V. SOLDATENKO. PRAEPHILINE – NEW GENUS OF GASTROPOD MOLLUSKS 209
the South Pacific Ocean off the middle of the central nervous system: the supraintesti-
Chile differs from Praephiline thurmanni in nal and pleural ganglia of Praephiline finmar-
the absence of marginal teeth and a differ- chica are connected with a short connective
ent form of muscular bulge around the base (see Gosliner, 1994: Fig. 58a), while those
of the penial papilla (see Marcus & Marcus, of Philine aperta lie very close together (see
1969: 18, Fig. 29). We consider it as a valid Vayssiére, 1880: Pl. 9, Fig. 81; Guiart, 1901:
species assigned to the new genus, Praephi- Fig. 59; Brown, 1934: Fig. 23).
line chilla. Praephiline gen. nov. differs from the
type species of both known valid genera
DISCUSSION close to it and the genera regarded as syn-
onyms of Philine. Spiniphiline as described
It follows from the works by Brown by Gosliner (1988) has apomorphies in the
(1934), Marcus and Marcus (1969), and form of shell and gizzard plates (which are
Pruvot-Fol (1930) that Praephiline finmar- unpaired, rudimentary, and round) and the
chica and related species differ significantly male copulatory system (the prostate is
from Philine aperta in a number of morpho- simple and the penis is finger-shaped) (Gos-
logical characters: 1) shell form; 2) mor- liner, 1988).
phology of gizzard plates; 3) morphology of Philine scutulum Loven, 1846, the type of
the gizzard wall (table). We also found sig- Ossiania Monterosato, 1887, is a synonym
nificant differences in their apparently very of Philine quadrata. Due to reduction of the
similar copulatory apparata, namely 4) in the gizzard plates, the body of this species can
morphology of the ejaculatory duct and 5) in be drawn into the shell, contrary to what is
the morphology of the penis (Chaban & Sol- observed in the new genus. There are signif-
datenko, 2009). There are also differences 6) icant differences in morphology of the male
in the degree of concentration of ganglia in copulatory apparatus: Philine quadrata has
Table. Comparison of characters of the type species of Philine and Praephiline gen. nov.
Spe- Morphology of ejacu- End of ejacula-
Gizzard plates Gizzard wall Penis
cies latory duct tory duct
divided by a longitu-
is in the distal hammer-shaped
Philine aperta aphtphlaaomeirlret oueisasdn otl pl pntyarl ioairrateueendtdsgeu rpuwc llseiaautdtrhr e (f ta1iwsc) eo; 3sb(t1 ysr) eiapp sha ocraortnneyn m elacuytseecdrl e d2pasir ainenerqg taculsloe a(p-ml2la asp)rye,to meiisttreisieocd dwni r o cacifinlu llaitsl aoa tr e d aphwfopeoilnptldeheis s ni m (s(d4 2cua))lsgo,c esiu teosldaf r pcaapr reemeonnsuuiitsanss lc,wd plw eitat hiphmtehiol aoblusauats s (te 1 )of
epithelium (1)
a consists of two
c
hi channels with thick
c at the base of hammer-shaped
mar thick sheath of muscular walls and penial papilla, penis with crests
fin uniform rod-shaped cciorvceurleadr mwuitshc lae s csiidliea,t tehde e ipnintheer lciuhman inne-l the hole is not and warts, with
e (3) closed with a muscle mass
n solid ring of con- is narrow, cylindrical,
hili nective tissue (3) the external one is muscular folds around the base of
p (4) penial papilla (4)
ae semi-lunar in cross
Pr section (4)
Data from: 1 – Brown (1934); 2 – Pruvot-Fol (1930); 3 – Marcus & Marcus (1969); 4 – Chaban & Soldatenko, 2009.
© 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 205–211
210 E.M. CHABAN & E.V. SOLDATENKO. PRAEPHILINE – NEW GENUS OF GASTROPOD MOLLUSKS
a short prostate and a penial sac with a digi- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
tiform penial papilla (Rudman, 1972, Cha-
ban, 1999). We are thankful to Olga Chaban (St. Peters-
burg) for her help with computer and English
Philine scabra (Muller, 1776), the type
correction.
species of Hermania Monterosato, 1884,
has an elongate shell, rather cylindrical in
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