Description of a new genus for "Euptychia" peculiaris (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): immature stages and systematic position

7 Pages·2003·3.4 MB·English

by  Andre Victor Lucci Freitas

JournaloftheLepidopterists'Society
57(2),2003,100-106
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS FOR "EUPTYCHIA"PECULIARIS (NYMPHALIDAE: SATYRINAE):
IMMATURE STAGES AND SYSTEMATIC POSITION
AndreVictor Lucci Freitas
MuseudeHistoriaNaturalandDepartamentodeZoologia, InstitutodeBiologia, UniversidadeEstadualdeCampinas,
CP6109,Campinas,SaoPaulo 13083-970,Brazil. Email:[email protected]
ABSTRACT. Basedondistinctcharacterstatesinlifehistoryandadultmorphology,themonotypicgenus,Taydebis,newgenuswith"Eu-
ptychia"peculiaiis Butlerasthetypespeciesisdescribed.Analysisofthemorphologicalcharactersandcomparisonswithfournearbygenera
suggestthatthegenusiscloselyalignedtoorshouldbeplacednearTaygetisHiibnerandPseudodebisForster.
Additionalkeywords: lifehistory,Poaceae,Pseudodebis,Taydebis, Taygetis.
Withinthe Neotropical Nymphalidae, thesubfamily Fertile eggs were obtained from wild-captured fe-
Satyrinaeis oneofthe mostpoorlyunderstoodgroups, males thatwere confined in plastic bags. Larvae were
with many systematic problems and undescribed reared in plastic containers cleaned daily, with fresh
species, a fact often noted in the literature (Forster plant material provided every two or three days (fol-
1964, Miller 1968, DeVries 1987:257, Freitas 2002). lowing Freitas 1991). Observations and data were
Adult characters have been useful for understanding recorded on behavior and development times for all
relationships in some cases (Forster 1964, Miller stages. Dryhead capsules and pupal castings were re-
1968), but have been insufficient to resolve some sys- tained in small glass vials. When there was sufficient
tematic problems in the subfamily. Since Miiller material, immatures were fixed in Kahle solution
(1886) earlystageshavebeen shownas ausefulsource (AVLFcollection). All measurementswere madeusing
ofcharacters in butterfly systematics (Kitching 1985, amicroscope fittedwithacalibrated micrometricocu-
Brown & Freitas 1994, Freitas et al. 1997, Penz 1999) lar. Egg size is presented as length and diameter, and
includingforthe Satyrinae (Singeretal. 1983, DeVries headcapsule sizeis the distancebetweenthe mostex-
et al. 1985, Freitas 2002, Freitas et al. 2002). ternal ocelli (as in Freitas 1991). Taxonomic nomen-
"Euptychia" peculiaris Butler 1874 is a problem clature follows Miller (1968) as modified by Harvey
species from southeastern Brazil. This species occurs (1991), who treated the group as a subfamily, down-
at moderate elevations (800-1700 m) and is known ranking Miller's subfamilies and tribes to tribes and
fromonlyafewlocalities alongthe Mantiqueiramoun- subtribes, respectively Nomenclature of wing veins
tains and the Serra do Mar in the states of Sao Paulo follows Miller (1969), and ofbody setae follows Hin-
and SantaCatarina (CampoAlegre and Lages) (see list ton (1946).
below). The record of Hayward (1973:256) from Mi-
Taydebis Freitas, new genus
siones, Argentina, requires furtherconfirmation.
Thepresentpaperillustrates anddescribes thecriti- (Figs. 1, 2, Table 1)
cal morphological characters that distinguish this Type species: Euptychia peculiaris Butler, 1874.
taxon, such as the wing venation and male genitalia. Diagnosis. Eyes hairy, reddish brown. Labial pal-
For the first time, the early stages are illustrated and pus one and a halftimes as long as head, brown with
described in detail. A comparative discussion of sys- light brown hairs. Antenna (8.5-9.5 mm) up to 0.4
tematic relationships of "E." peculiaris within the times the length of the costa; shaft dark brown dor-
Satyrinae is presented and a new genus, Taydebis, is sally, orange brown ventrally sparse scaled dorsally;
described. club not conspicuously developed, including eleven
segments, with apicalportion (last five segments) dark
Materials and Methods brown. Wingvenationverysimilarto Pseudodebis and
Adults and immatures of"E."peculiaris were stud- Taygetis (Fig. 2). Both wings extremely rounded api-
ied at six different localities in Sao Paulo State, SE cally (Figs. 1, 2).
Brazil: banks of the Rio Tiete (Mogi das Cruzes, Description of adults. Male. Forewing length 20-23 mm,
700-800 m), Morro Grande Forest Reserve (Cotia, hindwing length 16-19 mm (n = 15). Bodydarkbrown, abdomen
850-950 m), Nucleo Santa Virginia (Sao Luis do vbernotwrna,llwyiltihgohuttbmraorwkns.,eUxpcpeeprtsfiodreagdraoruknbdrocowlnorziogfzawginsgusbmmaerdgiinuaml
Paraitinga, 900-1100 m), Campos do Jordao State lineonbothwings, andalightmarginallineonthehindwing. Un-
Park (Campos do Jordao, 1500-1700 m), Intervales dersidegroundcolorlighterbrown,three-tone:forewingdiscalarea
Park (Capao Bonito, 900-1100 m) and Grota Funda ldianrekserc,rohsisnidnwgibnogthdiwstianlghsal3f5l%ighatnerd.6T0w%oopurtomfirnoemnbtassec;alsluobpemdarbgrionwanl
Municipal Park (Atibaia, 900-1000 m). region of forewing with a diffuse darker brown area with four
Volume 57, Number 2 101
I
Fig 1. Adultmale(top)andfemale(bottom)ofTaydebispeculiarisfromParqueEstadualdeCamposdoJordao, SP.
minute light blue centered black ocelli bordered with orange in Female. Forewing length 22-24 mm, hindwing length 17-22
spaces R5-M1, M1-M2, M2-M3 andM3-Cul; sub marginal area mm (n = 6). Bodydarkbrown,ventralabdomenlightbrown. Gen-
ofhindwingwithtwoprominentlightbluecenteredblackocelliwith eralcolorandpatternverysimilartobutingenerallighterthanthat
orangemarginsinspacesRs-MlandM1-M2,minutesimilarocelli ofmales.Wingsmoreroundedthaninmales.
inspaces M2-M3andM3-Cul, somewhatlargerinCul-Cu2and Variation.Variationinthedorsalwingsurfacesisverylow,with
Cu2-1A.Adarkbrownzigzagsubmarginallineandalightmarginal most variation being recorded on the underside. The size ofdie
linearepresentonbothwings. Malegenitalia(Fig.2)withanelon- ocelliisvariableinbothsexes,andinsomeindhidualsonlythetwo
gatedsaccus,welldevelopedtegumenandlongpointeduncus.The prominentocelliofthehindwingcanbeseenwidioutmagnification.
gnathos appears as twolongpointedprocesses. Valvaetrapezoidal Thewingpatternisalsovariable,beingweaklymarkedinsomefew
endingwithasinglewelldevelopedpoint.Aedeaguswithonelarge individualsfrom CamposdoJordao. Somefemaleshavetheunder-
cornutus.Additionalmorphologicalcharacters (legs andlabialpal- sidegroundcolormuchmoreyellowish,especiallyinthesubmar-
pus)areshowninFig.2. ginalandanalareas.
102 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society
R3 R4
—
Fig 2. MorphologicalcharactersoiTaydebispeculiaris.A,Malewingvenation hindwingaboveandforewingbelow;B,Malemidleg;C,
Femaleforeleg;D, Maleforeleg;E,Malelabialpalpus;F,Lateralviewofmalegenitalia;G,Aedeagusinlateralview.
Description of early stages. The following descriptions are Third instar. Headblackwith greenfrontandtwoshortblack
basedonimmaturesrearedfromSantaVirginiaandMorroGrande. diverging scoli on die vertex. Head capsule width 1.20-1.42 mm
Thetypical featuresoftheimmaturesareverysimilaratthesetwo (mean= 1.32mm,SD=0.053,n= 18);scoli0.40-0.56mm(mean=
sites.However,thenumberofinstarswasvariablewithfourinstarsin 0.46mm,SD = 0.050,n = 18). Bodydarkgreenwithmanylongitu-
Morro Grande (Table2) andfivein SantaVirginia(seediscussion). dinal yellow stripes; caudal filaments short. Maximum length 16
Femaleslaidindividualeggswhenconfinedinplasticbags,suggest- mm. Duration: 6-8days.
ingtheovipositionofisolatedeggsastheusualsituationinnature. Fourth instar. Head green with apair ofshort scoliwith red
Egg.Spherical,lightgreen,withoutvisibleridgesormarksunder tips. Head capsule width 1.70-1.90 mm (mean = 1.78 mm, SD =
theopticmicroscope. Heightanddiameter0.92mm (n = 30). Du- 0.055,n= 17);scoli0.58-0.74mm(mean=0.63mm,SD=0.044,n
ration:5-7days. = 17). Bodyemeraldgreen,with manylongitudinalthinyellowand
First instar(Figs. 3a, b,4). Headcapsuleblack,with enlarged lightgreenstripes;caudalfilamentsshort. Maximumlength22mm.
chalazae,bearingapairofshortscolionvertex,eachwithtwolong Duration:9-10days.
narrowsetaeendingintoafinepoint.Thirdstemmalargerthanthe Fifth (last) Instar(Fig.3d-f). Headthesameasinpreviousin-
otherstemmata. Headcapsulewidth 0.66-0.72 mm (mean = 0.69 star. Headcapsulewidth 2.45-2.75 mm (mean = 2.54 mm, SD =
mm,SD =0.017,n=30);scoli0.08-0.12mm(mean=0.11mm,SD 0.090,n= 10);scoli0.75-0.88mm(mean=0.82mm,SD =0.039,n
= 0.013, n = 30). Bodybeige, becoming lightgreen afterfeeding, = 10). Bodycolorsame as fourth instar. Maximum length 33 mm.
smooth, with manyweak white longitudinal stripes and a pair of Duration:9-10days.
short caudal filaments. Setae XD, D, SD and L thickened with Pupa(Fig. 3g-h). Entirelygreen,elongated,smooth,widishort
clubbedtips;bodychaetotaxyillustratedinFig.4. Maximumlength ocularcapsandslightlyprojectingalarcapsborderedwidiathinyel-
5mm. Duration: 8-9days. lowline.Totallength 12-14mm. Duration 10days(n = 7).
Secondinstar(Fig.3c). Headblackwithtwodivergingscolion
v0=e.r02t63e)9x.,.BnHo=eday2d6s)l;ceanspdcseolrui,le0l.iwg2ih8td-tg0hr.e40e0.n9m0wm-i1t.h(0mm2eamannym=l(o0nm.ge3ia4tnumdi=mn,a0l.S9w7Dhimt=me0,s.t0rS3i1Dp,es=n; TayEgteytimsoloagndy.PTsheeudnodaembeisi,s aproesdsiubcleydcdoimebitnwaotiomnosotf
caudalfilamentsshort.Maximumlength10mm.Duration:7-8days. closelyrelatedgenera.
Volume 57, Number 2 103
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104 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society
Fig 3. EarlystagesofTaydebispeculiaris.a,b,Firstinstar(lateral,dorsal);c,Secondinstar;d,e,f,Fifth(last)instar(lateralandtwodor-
salviews);g,h,Pupa(lateral,ventral).Allspecimensfrom SantaVirginia,SP.
Habits. This species is frequently found in grass Discussion
fields and swampy areas at medium to high altitudes, The supposed systematicpositionofTaydebispecu-
independent of the conservation status of the area. liariswasbasedonbothadultandimmature morphol-
Oviposition behavior was not observed, and the host ogy. The male genitalia are very similar to two other
plant in the field is unknown. In the laboratory, larvae genera as discussed above, and different from the
readily accepted the Caqoetgrass Axonopus compres- otherseries ofgeneraofeuptychiines. Thelastinstaris
sus (Sw.) P. Beauv. ("grama misioneira"), a common similar to that of Pseudodebis marpessa and some
grasswith soft leaves usedin shaded lawns in Brazil. Taygetis (Murray2001), but also has remarkable simi-
Systematic position. A genus near Taygetis and larities with Godartiana (unpublished results). The
Pseudodebis (Table 1); distinguished from Pseudode- first instar has long narrow setae on the head capsule,
bis bythe elongated pointed gnathos (short, rounded most similarto those ofPosttaygetispenelea (D. Mur-
in Pseudodebis), the longer saccus and a straight un- ray in prep.), and different from Taygetis that has
cus in lateral view (curved in Pseudodebis). Distin- wide, flattened fan-shaped setae. The pupa also has a
guished from most Taygetis by the longer saccus, fewcharactersverysimilartosomeTaygetis species,in-
rounded forewing apex, and the presence of a well- cluding the slightlyprojecting alar caps borderedwith
developed tegumen (weakly developed in most ayellowline (Young 1984, AVLFunpublisheddata).
Taygetis). Characters from immatures also support The general appearance ofthe immatures ofT pe-
the affinities of Taydebis with Pseudodebis and culiaris is not divergent from those of most known
Tai/getis (see below). euptychiines, including first instar larva with two
Volume 57, Number 2 105
Table2. DatafromalarvallotofTaydebispeculiariswithonlyfourinstars(MorroGrande,Cotia,SP).
Duration(days) Headcapsulewidth(mm) Lengthofscoli(r Maximumlength(mm)
1stinstar 7-8 0.68 0.08-0.10 6
2ndinstar 6-7 1.02 0.36-0.38 12
3rdinstar 6-7 1.6 0.44 17
4thinstar 10 2.28-2.22 0.62-0.66 30
short head horns, an elongated striped mature larva Campos do Jordao), Fundacao Florestal (Intervales), and Sabesp
and asmoothpupa (Young 1984, DeVries et al. 1985, (MorroGrande).
DeVries 1987). The body setae with clubbed tips in Literature Cited
the first instar are also present in many Satyrinae
(Murray 2001, and AVLF unpublished data from Brown,K.S.Jr.&A.V.L.Freitas. 1994.JuvenilestagesofIdiomi-
inae:overviewandsystematics.Trop. Lep.5:9-20.
more than 60 neotropical species); their function is DeVries,P.J. 1987. ThebutterfliesofCostaRicaandtheirnatural
stillunknown. history. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae. Princeton Uni-
speEcvieesn oifftThaeydneebairsbyisgedniesrtai,ngtuhieshpabrleesenftrosmcenmaorsito DeVrvtieeermssa,ittiyP.cPJrp.e,ossIs.i,tJ.iPoKrniintocfcehAtinotnn,igrN&rheeRw.aJIa.enrVsdaeynC.ea-erWoriisg,hwti.th1c98o5m.meTnhtessyosn-
showsthattheboundaries amongtheseandothergen- the higher classification of the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera).
erainthis series are stillnot established. A more care- ForsStyesrt.,EWn.to1m9o6l4..1B0e:i11t-r3a2g.e zurKenntnis derInsektenfauna Bo-
ful comparison (Table 1) suggests that many different liviensXIX. LepidopteraIII. Satyridae.Veroffentlichungender
taxonomic entities maybe included underthe genera zoologischenStaatssammlungMunchen8:51-188,pis.27-35.
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griseola and "Taygetis celia", which should be placed Nymphalidae, Melitaeinae) no Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
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additional cladistic studies (morphological and/or stagesofCybdelis,akeygenus unitingthediversebranchesof
molecular) couldhelptofurtherclarifythisplacement. Freittahse,EAu.ryVt.eLl.i,naDe..MTurorpr.aLyep&.K8.(lS).:B29r-o3w4.nJr. 2002. Immatures,
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Y.Millergreatlyimprovedthefinalversionofthemanuscrtipt.Igrate- setae oflepidopterous larvae, with some notes on the phy-
fullyacknowledgetheinvaluableassistanceofdiefollowingagencies logenyofthe Lepidoptera. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London
to complete diese studies: Instituto Florestal (Santa Virginia and 97:1-37.
/
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Fig 4. ChaetotaxyofthefirstinstarlarvaofTaydebispeculiaris.
106 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society
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