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267 Pages·2015·10.71 MB·English
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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: ADOLESCENCE Volume 4 DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS This page intentionally left blank DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Edited by HAROLD S. KOPLEWICZ AND EMILY KLASS Firstpublishedin1993byHarwoodAcademicPublishers Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2016 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©1993byHarwoodAcademicPublishersGmbH Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedinanyform orbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,including photocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,without permissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,and areusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-1-138-94766-5(Set) ISBN:978-1-315-64149-2(Set)(ebk) ISBN:978-1-138-95312-3(Volume4)(hbk) ISBN:978-1-138-95319-2(Volume4)(pbk) ISBN:978-1-315-66744-7(Volume4)(ebk) Publisher’sNote Thepublisherhasgonetogreatlengthstoensurethequalityofthisreprintbutpointsoutthat someimperfectionsintheoriginalcopiesmaybeapparent. Disclaimer Thepublisherhasmadeeveryefforttotracecopyrightholdersandwouldwelcome correspondencefromthosetheyhavebeenunabletotrace. Depression in Children and Adolescents edited by Harold S. Koplewicz and Emily Klass Schneider Children’s Hospital Long Island Jewish Medical Center New York, USA harwood academic publishers I E Switzerland • Australia • Belgium • France • Germany • Great Britain India • Japan • Malaysia • Netherlands • Russia • Singapore • USA Copyright © 1993 by Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH, Poststrasse 22, 7000 Chur, Switzerland. All rights reserved. Harwood Academic Publishers Private Bag 8 3-14-9, Okubo Camberwell, Victoria 3124 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169 Australia Japan 58, rue Lhomond Emmaplein 5 75005 Paris 1075 AW Amsterdam France Netherlands Glinkastrasse 13-15 5301 Tacony Street, Drawer 330 0-1086 Berlin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19137 Germany United States of America Post Office Box 90 Reading, Berkshire RG1 8JL Great Britain Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Depression in children and adolescents / edited by Harold S. Koplewicz and Emily Klass. p. cm. ~ (Monographs in clinical pediatrics ; 6) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3-7186-5317-6. - ISBN 3-7186-5318-4 (pbk.) 1. Depression in children. 2. Depression in adolescence. I. Koplewicz, Harold S. II. Klass, Emily. III. Series. RJ506.D4D46 1993 618.92,8527~dc20 93-28562 CIP No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Singapore. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION vii THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND ETIOLOGY 1. Developmental Issues in Childhood and Adolescent Depression Jayne E. Schächter and Barbara A. Romano 1 2. Cognitive and Behavioral Theories of Depression Anita Gurian 15 3. Family Studies of Affective Disorders Carl E. Anderson and Myrna M. Weissman 33 4. Depression within the Family: A Systems Perspective Fiona True and Laurie Kaplan 45 5. Child Abuse, Neglect and Depression Arthur H. Green 55 MEDICAL ILLNESS AND DEPRESSION 6. Pediatric Illness as a Risk Factor in Depression Candace J. Erickson 63 7. Depression in Acutely 111 Children and Adolescents Lois Lyon Neumann and David G. Inwood 89 8. The Dying Child Avron Kriechman 97 DEPRESSION AND OTHER PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS 9. Depression and Anxiety Greta Francis 109 10. Conduct Disorder and Depression James T. McCracken, Dennis P. Cantwell and Gregory L. Hanna 121 11. Substance Abuse in Depressed Adolescents John Piacentini and Caroly Pataki 133 12. Depression and Eating Disorders Lynne Hoffman and Katherine A. Halmi 149 TREATMENT APPROACHES 13. Psychotherapy of Depression in Childhood and Adolescence Clarice J. Kestenbaum and Ian A. Canino 175 v vi CONTENTS 14. Pragmatic Approaches to the Treatment of Prepubescent Depression Emily Klass and Richard Gallagher 199 1 5. Pragmatic Approaches to the Treatment of Depressed Adolescents G. Randolph Schrodt Jr, Cyrus E. Adams and Anthony J. Siegel 219 16. The Psychopharmacology of Childhood and Adolescent Depression Harold S. Koplewicz, Emily Klass and Vivian Kafantaris 235 INDEX 253 Introduction Harold S. Koplewicz The origin of this volume arose from our work at the Schneider Children’s Hospital of Long Island Jewish Medical Center. In 1986, we began a study funded by the Leon Lowenstein Foundation of the efficacy of desipramine in the treatment of adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder. At the same time, we established the first Adolescent Depression Service in the New York metropolitan area. This research study and clinical service brought us into contact with hundreds of families whose children had depressive symptoms. Our interaction with our pediatric colleagues clarified for us the need for early identification of depression in children and adolescents. This goal could only be reached by increasing the pediatrician’s awareness of the presence, identification and nature of depressive disorders of children and adolescents. He must possess the clinical skills to differentiate transient moodiness from a depressed mood that is a harbinger of a disorder which can result in dysfunction and possibly suicidal behavior. He must broach the often sensitive matter of explaining to parents the necessity and sometimes the urgency of seeking a psychiatric consultation in the face of lingering prejudice about the stigma of “seeing the shrink”. He must answer questions and reassure parents that their depressed child is not “crazy”, but has a serious disorder. Long believed “masked” or absent from childhood, recent research has delineated clear syndromes of depression in all age groups. Depression in children and adoles- cents can be a chronic, debilitating condition with major impact on family, social and intrapsychic life. Early detection facilitates early treatment, a key to preserving a child’s continued growth and development. The presentation of depression can be complicated by co-morbid diagnoses, psychosocial stressors within the family, developmental differences and medical illnesses. This volume seeks to disentangle some threads, weave others together and to generally span the current research in etiology, biology, phenomenology and treatment of depression in children and adolescents. To do so, we have asked investigators to report on the state-of-the-art in the research of depression in their area of expertise. Beginning with Part One, “Theories of Development and Etiology”, Drs. Romano and Schachter of our institution present the essence of the developmental approach to understanding childhood psychopathology in their chapter concerning the varying presentations of depression throughout childhood. Dr. Gurian writes of the “Learned Helplessness” model, vii

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Originally published in 1993, this title has contributions from many internationally respected experts from this field. The book covers the following areas: theories of development and etiology of depression; medical illness and depression; depression and other psychiatric conditions; treatment appr
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