Deporting Immigrants PDF
Preview Deporting Immigrants
D CC Ou eporting r Nr e Tn Rt O V i E mmigrants R S I E S The Current Controversies series examines today’s most important social and political issues. Each volume D presents a diverse selection of primary sources e p o representing all sides of the debate in question. r t i n “These are excellent resources for research or debate g i that will rouse students interested in contemporary m m and controversial topics.”—Booklist i g r a n t s Deporting Immigrants Other Books in the Current Controversies Series Are There Two Americas? The Confederate Flag Drones, Surveillance, and Targeted Killings Enhanced Interrogation and Torture Genetic Engineering LGBTQ Rights Microaggressions, Safe Spaces, and Trigger Warnings Police Training and Excessive Force Privacy and Security in the Digital Age Deporting Immigrants Anne Cunningham, Book Editor Published in 2018 by Greenhaven Publishing, LLC 353 3rd Avenue, Suite 255, New York, NY 10010 Copyright © 2018 by Greenhaven Publishing, LLC First Edition All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer. Articles in Greenhaven Publishing anthologies are often edited for length to meet page requirements. In addition, original titles of these works are changed to clearly present the main thesis and to explicitly indicate the author’s opinion. Every effort is made to ensure that Greenhaven Publishing accurately reflects the original intent of the authors. Every effort has been made to trace the owners of the copyrighted material. Cover image: Drew Angerer/Getty Images Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Cunningham, Anne C., editor. Title: Deporting immigrants / Anne Cunningham, book editor. Description: First edition. | New York : Greenhaven Publishing, [2018] | Series: Current controversies | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Audience: Grade 9 to 12. Identifiers: LCCN 2017041743| ISBN 9781534502345 (library bound) | ISBN 9781534502406 (pbk.) Subjects: LCSH: Illegal aliens--Government policy--United States--Juvenile literature. | Deportation--United States--Juvenile literature. | United States--Emigration and immigration--Government policy--Juvenile literature. Classification: LCC JV6483 .D46 2017 | DDC 325.73--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017041743 Manufactured in the United States of America Website: http://greenhavenpublishing.com Contents Foreword 11 Introduction 14 Chapter 1: Does US Immigration Policy Have Its Roots in Racism? Overview: The Enduring Legacy of the 1965 18 Immigration and Nationality Act Muzaffar Chishti, Faye Hipsman, and Isabel Ball The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act ushered in the modern era of US immigration policy. Its lasting achievement was to finally repeal discriminatory quotas based on country of origin. Yes: Racism Is the Foundation of US Immigration Policy Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Initiates Decades of 29 Racist Immigration Policy Doug Chin Chinese immigrants provided much of the labor required for US westward expansion. When jobs became scarce, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed to protect white workers from competition. Mass Deportations Are Already a Part of American 34 History Adrian Florido Trump’s campaign promise to deport 11 million immigrants is nothing new. In the 1930s, millions of Mexicans and Americans of Mexican descent were repatriated en masse. No: Early US Immigration Laws Reflect a Complex History Congress Condemns Chinese Exclusion Act 37 Ted Gong The 2011–2012 Congress passed H. Res. 683 and H. Res. 282 condemning the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Constituents overwhelmingly supported formal censure of this blight on the nation’s history. Mexican Repatriation Is a Part of Texas History 62 Robert R. McKay As a border state and former Mexican territory, Texas has a long history of Mexican repatriation efforts. Most of these deportations were during the Great Depression era, but significant numbers occurred prior to 1930. Chapter 2: Have Deportation and Immigration Policies Gotten Worse in the New Millennium? Overview: President Obama’s Ambivalent Record on 72 Immigration Jessica Bolter, Muzaffar Chishti, and Sarah Pierce Obama’s critics claim his administration deported too many undocumented people, earning him the nickname “deporter in chief.” Conversely, “enforcement-first” advocates say Obama was too soft on illegal immigration. Yes: The Obama Administration Aggressively Pursued Deportations Mexico Assumes Bulk of Southern US Immigration 83 Enforcement Genevieve Leigh and Toby Reese El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala experienced a refugee crisis. To stem the tide of illegal immigration into the United States, the Obama administration shifted responsibility to Mexico and provided training and resources. Most Deportees Under Obama Committed Only 88 Minor Infractions America’s Voice Obama’s immigration policies hurt families. Data shows that despite the administration’s insistence that it was removing only serious criminals, most deportees had only traffic or immigration violations. No: Obama’s Targeted Approach Did What It Needed to Do Obama Administration Immigration Policy Draws 92 Responses from Both Sides Marcus Stern Those who favor tough immigration laws believe the Obama administration’s focus on deporting serious criminals allowed many illegal immigrants to remain while immigration advocates argued policies were less targeted than they could be. A Closer Look at Obama’s Immigration Policy 98 Scott Horsley During his first term, the Obama administration deported more people than that of his predecessor, George W. Bush. Obama prioritized removals near the border, while allowing many undocumented immigrants living in the US interior to remain. Obama Pushed for Immigration Reform While 102 Deporting Millions Alex Nowrasteh While pursuing executive actions to shield illegal immigrants from deportation, Obama deported some 2.5 million illegal immigrants. Chapter 3: Can Deportation in the Age of Trump Be a Boon to America? Overview: Squaring Trump’s Executive Orders on Immigration with the Facts 107 Fiona Adamson Trump claimed his executive orders on immigration would make the nation safer, but his policies did not always align with the facts. For example, the plan to build a wall on the southern US border coincided with a fifteen-year low in illegal immigration from Mexico. Yes: Trump’s Executive Orders on Immigration Will Make America Safer Trump Unveils Harsh Illegal Immigration 115 Enforcement Goals Marcelo Rochabrun and Ginger Thompson Trump’s executive orders on immigration contain provisions allowing agents to deport undocumented immigrants to Mexico, regardless of their country of origin. Critics counter that these policies jeopardize core American values. Opponents of Trump’s Executive Orders on 121 Immigration Are Overreacting Sarah Birnbaum Trump supporter Mark Krikorian argues that Trump’s executive orders on immigration are temporary and much needed to figure out a better long-term policy. No: Trump’s Stance on Immigration Is Racist Trump Administration Criminalizes Migrants 124 Teresa Gutierrez The Trump administration expanded the definition of criminality to include illegal passage into the country. Thus, any undocumented migrant can be construed as a criminal. Trump Lacks Mandate for Immigration Overhaul 130 Mae Ngai Trump’s immigration policies may have been motivated by racism, but he was successful in energizing supporters who felt left behind by globalization. Chapter 4: Are Immigrant and Deportation Policies Headed in the Right Direction? Overview: Rhetoric Versus Reality in Trump’s 136 Immigration Policies Susan Ferriss Trump’s anti-immigrant campaign rhetoric generated much fear and confusion among the undocumented in America. The impact on families and businesses could be disastrous. Yes: Trump’s Executive Actions on Immigration Are Defensible Policy The Aims and Legality of Trump’s Executive Orders 149 on Immigration Jacqueline Varas The stated purpose of Trump’s action on immigration is to protect public safety in the US interior, secure the nation’s borders, and prevent those who wish to harm citizens from entering the country. Travel Ban Would Compel Muslim Countries to 156 Address Internal Problems Salim Mansur Trump’s temporary immigration ban on seven Muslim majority countries was met with widespread condemnation. Here, a writer argues that the restriction is necessary, as it will force the Muslim world to address instability and violence. No: Travel Bans and Mass Deportations Are the Wrong Move Reports Emerge of US Customs and Border Patrol 168 Abuses Alice Miranda Ollstein According to multiple reports, travelers from the Muslim majority countries targeted by Trump’s controversial immigration ban were pressured by CBP agents to sign away their rights. Most Deportees Are Not Violent Criminals 176 Teresa Wiltz President Trump pledged to focus deportation efforts on serious criminals, much like his predecessor. The rate of violent crime among undocumented immigrants is lower than that of US citizens, and many are being removed for minor offenses. Organizations to Contact 182 Bibliography 186 Index 189
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