Dependability: Basic Concepts and Terminology: In English, French, German, Italian and Japanese

268 Pages·1992·13.521 MB·English

by  Dr. J. C. Laprie (auth.), Dr. J. C. Laprie (eds.)

Further volumes in this series:
Volume 1
A. Avi.Zienis, H. Kopetz, J. C. Laprie (eds.)
The Evolution of Fault-Tolerant Computing
Volume 2
U. Voges (ed.)
Software Diversity in Computerized
Control Systems
Volume 3
P. A. Lee, T. Anderson
Fault Tolerance - Principles and Practice
Second, revised edition
Volume 4
A. Avizienis, J. C. Laprie (eds.)
Dependable Computing for Critical Applications

Dependable Computing
and Fault-Tolerant Systems
Edited by
A. Aviiienis, H. Kopetz, J. C. Laprie
Advisory Board
J. A. Abraham, V. K. Agarwal, T. Anderson, W. C. Carter,
A. Castes, F. Cristian, M. Dal Cin, K. E. Forward, G. C. Gilley,
J. Goldberg, A. Goyal, H. Ihara, R. K. !ye1~ J.P. Kelly,
G. Le Lann, B. Littlewood, J. F. Meyer, B. Randell,
A. S. Robinson, R. D. Schlichting, L. Simoncini, B. Smith,
L. Strigini, Y. Tohma, U. Voges, Y. W. Yang
Volume 5
Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH
J. C. Laprie (ed.)
Dependability:
Basic Concepts and
Terminology
in English, French, German,
Italian and Japanese
Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH
Dr. Jean-Claude Laprie, LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France
With 3 Figures
This work is subject to copyright.
All rights are reserved,
whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations,
broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means,
and storage in data banks.
© 1992 by Springer-Verlag Wien
Originally published by Springer Verlag Vienna 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992
Printed on acid-free paper
ISSN 0932-5581
ISBN 978-3-7091-9172-9 ISBN 978-3-7091-9170-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-9170-5
IFIP WG 10.4
Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance
J.C. Laprie (ed.)
Dependability: Basic Concepts and
Terminology
Surete de Fonctionnement :
Concepts de Base et Terminologie
Zuverlassigkeit: Grundkonzepte und
Terminologie
Garanzia di Funzionamento:
Concetti Base e Terminologia
Contributors
T. Anderson (The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK)
A. Avizienis (UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA)
W.C. Carter (Bailey Island, Maine, USA)
A. Costes (LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France)
F. Cristian (IBM Research, San Jose, California, USA)
Y. Koga (National Defense Academy, Yokusuka, Japan)
H. Kopetz (Technische Universitat Wien, Austria)
J.H. Lala (C.S. Draper Lab., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA)
J.C. Laprie (LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France)
J.F. Meyer (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA)
B. Randell (The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK)
A.S. Robinson (STDC, Reston, Virginia, USA)
L. Simoncini (University of Pisa, Italy)
U. Voges (KFK, Karlsruhe, Germany)
FOREWORD
This volume gathers a text resulting from several years of work within the
Working Group 10.4 of IFIP, Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance,
together with its French, German, Italian, and Japanese versions. The aim is to
give pred:.e definitions characterizing the dependability of computing systems.
Dependability is first introduced as a global concept and a set of basic
definitions is given. Those definitions are then commented, and supplemented,
in the subsequent sections dealing respectively with the impairments to
dependability (faults, errors, failures), the means for dependability (fault
prevention, fault-tolerance, fault-removal, fault-forecasting), and the attributes
of dependability (reliability, availability, safety, security). The 116 definitions
given throughout the text are recapitulated in glossaries, and a five-language
cross-index is provided.
What is presented would not exist without the many discussions held with
many colleagues. The prominent role of the contributors listed on the title
page is acknowledged, through either their written contributions and
comments, or their help in developping ideas during discussions. It is a
pleasure to extend these acknowledgements to all members of WG 10.4,
especially to David Morgan for his seeding role, and to the members of the
research group "Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance" of LAAS, of
which Jean Arlat, Christian Beounes, Yves Deswarte, Jean-Charles Fabre,
David Powell, and Pascale Thevenod deserve a special attention. Of particular
importance is the work performed by my colleagues who kindly accepted to
produce the versions gathered here: Yoshiaki Koga produced the Japanese
version, Luca Simoncini produced the Italian version, Udo Voges produced the
German version with the help of Winfried Gorke and Hermann Kopetz. I was
greatly helped by Alain Costes in producing the French version, and his
endless readiness to discuss this topic over the years deserve a special attention.
Particular thanks go also to Joelle Penavayre for her help in the formatting
task.
Toulouse, July 1991
Jean-Claude Laprie
CONTENTS
Dependability: Basic Concepts and Terminology
1
Introduction 3
1- Basic defmitions 4
2- On the introduction of dependability as a generic concept 6
3- On system function, behavior, structure, and specification 8
4- The impairments to dependability 11
4.1- Faults 11
4.2- Errors 14
4.3- Failures 17
4.4- Fault pathology 18
5- The means for dependability 21
5.1- Dependencies between the means for dependability 21
5.2- Fault tolerance 23
5.3- Fault removal 28
5.4- Fault forecasting 31
6- The attributes of dependability 34
Conclusion 37
Glossary 37
Surete de Fonctionnement Concepts de Base et
Terminologie 45
Introduction 47
1- Definitions de base 48
2- Sur !'introduction de la siirete de fonctionnement en tant que
concept generique 50
3- Sur la fonction, le comportement, la structure et la specification
d'un systeme 52
a
4- Les entraves la siirete de fonctionnement 55
4.1- Fautes 57
4.2- Erreurs 59
4.3- Defaillances 62
X
4.4- Pathologie des fautes 64
5- Les moyens pour la surete de fonctionnement 67
5.1- Dependances entre les moyens pour la surete de
fonctionnement 67
5.2- Tolerance aux fautes 69
5.3- Elimination des fautes 74
5.4- Prevision des fautes 78
6- Les attributs de la surete de fonctionnement 81
Conclusion 84
Glossaire 84
Index Fran~ais-Anglais 93
ZuverHissigkeit: Grundkonzepte und Terminologie 97
Vorbemerkung zur deutschen Obersetzung 99
Einleitung 100
1- Grundlegende Definitionen 101
2- Einfiihrung der ZuverUissigkeit als Grundkonzept 103
3- Systemfunktion, -verhalten, -struktur und -spezifikation 105
4- Beeintrachtigungen der Zuverlassigkeit 109
4.1- Fehlerursachen 109
4.2- Fehlzustand 114
4.3- AusHill.e 116
4.4- Fehlerpathologie 118
5- Zuverlassigkeitsmittel 121
5.1- Abhangigkeiten zwischen den Zuverlassigkeitsmitteln 121
5.2- Fehlertoleranz 123
5.3- Fehlerbeseitigung 129
5.4- Fehlervorhersage 132
6- Die KenngroBen der Zuverlassigkeit 136
SchluBbemerkung 139
Glossar 139
Querverweis Deutsch -Englisch 148