DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE ...

104 Pages·2015·1.63 MB·English

RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF DIFFERENT INSECT POLLINATORS
WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO HONEYBEE (Apis spp.)
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND CONTRIBUTION ON MAJOR
OLEIFEROUS CROPS

M.Sc. (Ag) Thesis

by

Roshni Rai

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
RAIPUR (Chhattisgarh)
2015
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF DIFFERENT INSECT POLLINATORS
WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO HONEYBEE (Apis spp.)
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND CONTRIBUTION ON MAJOR
OLEIFEROUS CROPS

Thesis

Submitted to the

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur

by

Roshni Rai

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

Master of Science

in

Entomology

Roll No.20131418507 IDNo.120113147

JULY, 2015

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

On the accomplishment of the present study, I would like to take this
opportunity to extend my deepest sense of gratitude and words of appreciation towards
those, who helped me during the pursuit of study. I shall ever, remain thankfully
indebted to all those learned souls, my present and former teachers, known and
unknown hands who directly or indirectly motivated me to achieve my goal and
enlightened me with the touch of their knowledge and constant encouragement. I feel
this is an extremely significant and joyous opportunity bestowed upon me by the
goddess of learning, to think about and thank all those persons.
Words are inadequate in the available lexicon to express my gratitude and
sincere thanks to my major advisor Dr. V. K. Dubey Principal scientist Department of
Entomology for his scholastic guidance, prudent planning, keen interest, constant
critical supervision, cooperation and invaluable counsel throughout the pursuit of this
study and preparation of this manuscript. His very cordial behaviour would always
remain beacon light for me in future also.
I am equally grateful to the members of advisory committee Dr. S. S. Shaw,
Director of Instruction Department of Entomology, Dr. H.L. Sonboir and Dr. R. R.
Saxsena Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, for providing me constant
guidance, valuable suggestions and supportive attitude.
I take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to Dr. Rajeev Gupta,
Professor and Head of the Department of Entomology, for his guidance, encouragement
and all necessary help needed during the course of the investigation. I am deeply
obliged to Dr. A. S. Kostasthane, Professor and Head of the Department of Plant
Pathology, for his guidance.
My literal power is too less to express my thankfulness to respected teachers Dr.
V. K. Koshta, Dr. A. K. Dubey, Dr. R. N. Ganguli, Dr. Y. K. Yadu, Dr. H. K.
Chandrakar, Dr. S. Sharma, Dr. D. K. Rana, Dr.(Shri) J. L. Ganguli, Dr. B. P.
Katlam, Dr. N. Rana, Dr. V. Singh Thakur and Dr. Gajendra Chandrahar Department
of Entomology, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur. I extend my thanks Shree R.S.
Yadav, Shree D. N. Chandrakar, Shree Kunju lal Sahu, Shree Maha dev Ghosh, Shree
Dinesh Sahu and Shree Manoj Yadav non-teaching staff of our department for their
kind help, cooperation and encouragement.
I wish to present my explicit thanks to Dr. S.K. Patil, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor,
Dr. J.S. Urkurkar, Director Research Services, Dr. S.S. Shaw, Director of Instructions,
Dr. M. P. Thakur, Director Extension Services and Dr. S. R. Patel Dean, College of
Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur for providing necessary facilities, technical and
administrative supports for conductance of my research work.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to all my dear friends for co-operation, help,
encouragement and support. I feel pleasure in expressing my thanks to Shimla, Archana,
Bhimeshwari, Priyanka, Manisha, Yeetesh, Pankaj, Omprakash, Alice, Soumya,
Ruchika, Manmohan, Birendra, Akash Hemkant, Sandeep, Pooja, Rajesh, Yogesh,
Jayaram, Manoj, Nand kishor, Lokesh, Raki, and all my batch mate .
Especial words of thanks to my seniors and all juniors for their timely help,
support and wholehearted co-operation during the entire course of study, Pushpanjali
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF PLATES viii
LIST OF NOTATIONS ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x
ABSTRACT xi
I INTRODUCTION 1
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4
2.1 To study the relative abundance of different pollinators 4
on major oleiferous crops viz. mustard, linseed,
safflower and sunflower
2.2 Species composition and contribution of Apis spp. on 8
different oleiferous crops
2.3 To study the biology of Apis cerana indica at Raipur 13
(C.G.) along with its pollen foraging efficiency
III MATERIALS AND METHODS 22
3.1 Description of the study area 22
3.1.1 Experimental site 22
3.1.2 Geographical location 22
3.1.3 Climate 22
3.2 Experiment 23
3.2.1 To study the relative abundance of different 23
pollinators on major oleiferous crops viz.,
mustard, linseed, safflower and sunflower
3.2.2 Species composition and contribution of Apis on 24
different oleiferous crops
3.2.3 To study the biology of Apis cerana indica at 24
Raipur (C.G.) along with its pollen foraging
efficiency
3.3 Observations 25
3.3.1 Behavioural aspects 25
3.3.1.1 Foraging 25
3.3.1.2 Returning ability 25
3.3.2.3 Pollen foraging efficiency 25
3.3.2 Biological aspects 25
3.3.2.1 Brood area 25
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26
iii
4.1 To study the relative abundance of different pollinators 26
on major oleiferous crops viz., mustard, linseed, safflower
and sunflower
4.1.1 Mustard (Brassica rapa var. sarson) 26
4.1.2 Relationship between visiting numbers of 32
pollinators with Environmental factors on
mustard crop
4.1.3 Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) 34
4.1.4 Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) 34
4.1.5 Relationship between visiting numbers of 41
pollinators with Environmental factors on
safflower crop
4.1.6 Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) 42
4.1.7 Relationship between visiting numbers of 47
pollinators with Environmental factors
4.2 Species composition and contribution of honeybees (Apis 50
spp.) as pollinators on various major oleiferous crops
4.3 To study the biology of Apis cerana indica at Raipur 53
(C.G.) along with its pollen foraging efficiency
4.3.1 Biology of A. c. indica Fab. 53
4.3.2 Pollen foraging efficiency of A. c. indica Fab. 54
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 59
REFERENCES 65
APPENDICES 73
APPENDIX -A 73
APPENDIX -B 77
APPENDIX -C 82
RESUME 85

iv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
Insect visitors/pollinators recorded on major oleiferous crops 27
4.1
at Raipur during Rabi, 2015
Abundance of Hymenopteran insect visitors/pollinators on 29
4.2
mustard crop at Raipur during Rabi,2015
Total number of insect visitors/ pollinators on mustard during 30
4.3
blooming period at Raipur during Rabi,2015
Overall mean population of different insect visitors/ pollinators 31
4.4 on mustard at different hours of the day at Raipur during Rabi,
2015
Correlation coefficient between abiotic parameter and activity 33
4.5 of insect visitors/ pollinators visiting on mustard during Rabi,
2015
Total number of insect visitors/ pollinators on linseed during 35
4.6
blooming period at Raipur Rabi, 2015
Abundance of Hymenopteran insect visitors/pollinators on 37
4.7
safflower crop at Raipur during Rabi, 2015
Total number of insect visitors/ pollinators on safflower during 38
4.8
blooming period at Raipur during Rabi,2015
Overall mean population of different insect visitors/ pollinators 40
4.9 on safflower at different hours of the day at Raipur during
Rabi,2015
Correlation coefficient between abiotic parameter and activity 41
4.10
of visitors/pollinators visiting on safflower during Rabi,2015
Abundance of Hymenopteran insect visitors/pollinators on 43
4.11
sunflower crop at Raipur during Rabi, 2015
Total number of insect visitors/pollinators on sunflower during 44
4.12
blooming period at Raipur during Rabi, 2015
Overall mean population of different insect visitors/pollinators 46
4.13 on sunflower at different hours of the day at Raipur during
Rabi, 2015
Correlation coefficient between abiotic and activity of insect 48
4.14
visitors/pollinators visiting on Sunflower during Rabi, 2015
v
Contribution/composition of different Apis spp. on mustard crop at 49
4.15
Raipur during Rabi, 2015
Contribution/composition of different Apis spp. on safflower 49
4.16
crop at Raipur during Rabi, 2015
Contribution/composition of different Apis spp. on sunflower 52
4.17
crop at Raipur during Rabi, 2015
4.18 Biology of A.c. indica at Raipur 54
Overall pollen foraging efficiency of A. c. indica at different 55
4.19
hours of the day per in 5 minutes
Overall mean pollen foraging efficiency of A. c. indica at 58
4.20
different hours of the day (In 5 min.duration)

vi