Dense + green : innovative building types for sustainable urban architecture PDF
Preview Dense + green : innovative building types for sustainable urban architecture
D E N S E G R E E N 1 Thomas Schröpfer Dense + Green Innovative Building Types for Sustainable Urban Architecture D ENSE G REEN 2 Foreword by Contributions by Birkhäuser Chan Heng Chee Kees Christiaanse Basel Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Herbert Dreiseitl Innovative Cities Foster + Partners Singapore University of T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Technology and Design MVRDV Naree Phinyawatana WOHA Jean W. H. Yong D ENSE G REEN 3 Layout, cover design and typography We would like to thank the Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative Yoshiki Waterhouse, Waterhouse Cifuentes Design Cities at the Singapore University of Technology and Design for with Steve Engert the generous support of this publication. Cover photograph Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Roland Halbe A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Assistance and preparation of texts and case study materials (research, photographs, drawings) Bibliographic information published by the German Peter Christensen National Library Alexander Cornelius Khew Yu Nong The German National Library lists this publication in the Deutsche Aloysius Lian Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on Thomas Wortmann the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Copyediting, proofreading This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether Michael Wachholz, Michael Eisenbrey the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, Editor for the publisher broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and Andreas Müller storage in databases. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. Production Amelie Solbrig This publication is also available as an e-book (ISBN PDF 978-3-03821-014-6; ISBN EPUB 978-3-03821-674-2). Paper Hello Fat Matt 1.1 © 2016 Birkhäuser Verlag GmbH, Basel P.O. Box 44, 4009 Basel, Switzerland Printing Part of Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Grafisches Centrum Cuno GmbH & Co. KG Printed in UltraHDPrint Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ∞ Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-03821-579-0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 www.birkhauser.com 4 Table of Contents Foreword 9 Chan Heng Chee Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative Cities Singapore University of Technology and Design Dense + Green Agendas The Dense and Green Paradigm 12 Thomas Schröpfer Dense and Green Technologies 38 Naree Phinyawatana Blue-Green Infrastructures for Buildings 48 and Liveable Cities Herbert Dreiseitl Biological Functionalities of Green 60 Jean W. H. Yong Green Urbanism 70 Models of a Dense and Green Urban Context Kees Christiaanse Dense and Green Building Typologies 84 Thomas Schröpfer Dense + Green Case Studies Institutional Office Regional Chamber of Commerce 100 Ministry for Urban Development and the Environment 132 and Industry of Picardie Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Hamburg, Germany Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Amiens, France Sauerbruch Hutton Chartier-Corbasson Architectes Phare Tower Project 138 Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitor Center 106 Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Humid Continental Climate Zone, Brooklyn, New York, USA La Defénse, Paris, France Weiss/Manfredi Jacques Ferrier Architectures Khoo Teck Puat Hospital 114 Federal Environment Agency 144 Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Dessau, Germany CPG Consultants/RMJM Hillier Sauerbruch Hutton School of the Arts 120 Solaris 150 Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore WOHA T. R. Hamzah & Yeang/CPG Consultants Nanyang Technological University 126 National University Health System Tower Block 156 Learning Hub Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore DP Architects Heatherwick Studio/CPG Consultants Residential Mountain Dwellings 160 Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Copenhagen, Denmark BIG/JDS Architects Vertical Garden House 166 Humid Subtropical Climate Zone, Tokyo, Japan Office of Ryue Nishizawa Via Verde 172 Humid Continental Climate Zone, Bronx, New York, USA Grimshaw Architects/Dattner Architects Newton Suites 178 Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore WOHA The Interlace 184 Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore OMA/Büro Ole Scheeren/ RSP Architects Planners & Engineers Dense + Green Practice Reports Infrastructure Foster + Partners Practice Report 246 Environmental Performance Optimization on the The Amager Bakke 190 Urban and Building Scale Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Copenhagen, Denmark BIG MVRDV Practice Report 254 New Nature Columbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant 196 Support Facility WOHA Practice Report 264 Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Portland, Oregon, USA High Density, High Liveability Skylab Architecture T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Practice Report 276 Transbay Transit Center 202 Systemic Environmental Integration Marine West Coast Climate Zone, San Francisco, California, USA Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects Dense + Green Future Changi Airport Terminal 3 210 Future Trajectories 284 Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore Thomas Schröpfer CPG Consultants/SOM Appendix Mixed Use About the Author and the Contributors 292 Urban Mountain 216 Marine West Coast Climate Zone, Oslo, Norway Illustration Credits 294 schmidt hammer lassen architects/LOOP architects Index of Names 296 Maquinnext 220 Mediterranean Climate Zone, Barcelona, Spain Subject Index 302 MVRDV One Central Park 226 Humid Subtropical Climate Zone Chippendale, New South Wales, Australia Ateliers Jean Nouvel/PTW Architects Oasia Downtown 234 Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore WOHA South Beach Road 238 Tropical Wet Climate Zone, Singapore Foster + Partners/AEDAS Foreword The growth of cities is all about people. The accelerating trend of nation-state at the same time, is but a little red dot on the people moving to cities to seek employment, raise a family, find a map of the world, yet Singapore has achieved a reputation better life and future is unstoppable. UN statistics predict that as an innovative city and country. It is a country that is in 2030, 60% of the world’s population or 4.9 billion people will space-challenged and has coped with the substantial increase be urban, and by 2025 there will be 35 megacities in the world in population in a planned and purposeful way: it opted for compared to 22 in 2011. high-density high-rise living. Singapore is also known as a green city. Right at the beginning of urbanization in the 1970s, the One of the leading challenges for architects and urban planners Singapore Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, was intuitively aware today is how to deal with density—density that comes from of the symbiotic relationship between density and green as a the natural increase of population and density that comes from proposition for a sustainable and liveable city. He challenged migration, both internal and external. We have seen cities in urban designers and builders to implement this principle. developed regions that must address the task of creating a congenial environment, designing for the diverse demands of a This book is an exercise in figuring out the many imaginative larger population that wants the best of city life and aspires to the ways in which ecological design has been executed all over best of living close to nature. In developing regions, cities have the world. The author and the contributors, who are architects, to design, plan, and build to house a population that is urbanizing urban designers, and urban planners, proffer typologies of dense at exceptional speed, which means dealing with overwhelming and green buildings, dense and green building technology, as well numbers and yet provide a liveable environment. as green design in the landscape of the city and what dense and green urbanism means. What they do is very much in the spirit The sustainability conversation, ongoing for some time, has and mission of what the Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative achieved a new urgency lately because the awareness of Cities at the Singapore University of Technology and Design global warming has spread and the effects of climate change aspires to do, which is why we are proud to associate ourselves are already felt in many ways, in the extremes of weather and with this book. the unexpected floodings and snowstorms that wreck cities, especially coastal cities. But we must think of sustainability in a Chan Heng Chee new way. Important though green technology is, we have to be Ambassador-at-Large and Chairman concerned with liveability and of how people can adapt to their Lee Kuan Yew Centre for Innovative Cities environment. How does the integration of nature in architecture, Singapore University of Technology and Design adding sky terraces, vertical parks, and green facades in high- density buildings, enhance liveability? We understand that proximity to and living with natural green has its healing and rejuvenating effects, and as we move forward in a technology-driven age, it is all-important to bring back nature into our lives. This seems to be particularly so in the case of Gen Y, those aged between 15–34 years and even Gen X, those aged 35–50 years. And we can predict with confidence that Gen Z, those aged 5–14 years now, will also embrace the same ideals. Nature is the essential touchstone that converts a teeming, bustling, and harassing part of reality into a calm, soothing, and liveable oasis. Furthermore nature, like technology, can be used to help screen off heat, increase cooling, and promote energy efficiency. It depends on how we use nature and green technology together. So what means sustainable and liveable for high-density cities or regions, and how to achieve it? Singapore, a city-state and 9
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