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^ 4^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^U£I2S LP lit Bii |22 I.I U 1.25 11.6 6" 0% V > Photographic 23WISTMAINSTIHT Sciences WnSTH.N.Y. MSM (7t6)l7a-4S03 Corporation A. CIHM/ICMH CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Collection de Series. microfiches. Canadian Institutefor Historical Microreproductions/Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquas N \ iV Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notestechniques et bibliographiques The Institute hasattempted to obtain the best L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleurexemplaire original copy available forfilniing. Features ofthis qu'il lui a 6t6possible dese procurer. Les details copy which may be bibliographically unique, de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du which may alterany of the images in the point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier reproduction, orwhich may signifirjntly change une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une the usual method offilming, are checked below. modification dansla mithode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. Coloured covers/ Coloured pages/ Couverture de couleur I I Pages decouleur Covers damaged/ PPaaggeess ddaammaaggeedd// I I Couvertureendommagie I I Pages endommagies D Covers restored and/orlaminated/ PPaaggeess rreessttoorreedd aanndd//ooirlaminated/ Couverture restaurAe et/ou pellicul6e I I Pages restauries et/ou pelliculAes I I CLeovteitrretidtleecmoiusvseirntgu/re manque r~n PPPaaagggeeesss dddiiisscccooollloooruudrreeesdd,,,tssattcaahiiennteedddesoorroffuooxxpeieiqdu/des Coloured maps/ PPaaggeess ddeettaacchheedd// I I Cartes giographiques en couleur I I Pages ddtachdes D Coloured ink (i.e. otherthan blue orblack)/ r~? SShhoowwtthhrroouugghh// Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Transparence D Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ QQuuaalliittyy ooff pprriirntvaries/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur I I Qualiti inigale de I'impression D Bound with other material/ IInncclluuddeess ssuupppplleemmeennttaarryy mmaatteerriital/ Reli^ avec d'autres documents I I Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire D Tight binding may cause shadows ordistortion n~~| OOnnllyy eeddiittiioonn aavvaaiillaabbllee// along interior margin/ Seule Edition disponible LBreliure serrie peutcauser de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata D slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to Blank leaves added during restoration may ensurethe best possible image/ appear within the text. Whenever possible, these Les pages totalement ou partiellement have been omitted from filming/ obscurcieMs par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties etc., ont filmies A nouveau de fa^on d lorsd'une restauration apparaiisent dans letexte. obtenir la meilleure image possible. mais,Mlorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas filmies. Q Additional comments:/ Variouspagingt. Commentaires suppldmentaires; This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmA au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 10X The copy filmed here hes been reproduced thenke L'exemplairefilm*futreproduitgrflceA la tothe generosity of: gintrosMde: Libraryofthe Public la bibliothdque desArchives re Archivesof Canada publlques du Canada idtails es du modifier The Images appearing here arethe bestquslity Les imagessulvantes ont 6tA reprodultes avec le er une possible considering the condition and legibility plus grand soin, comptetenu de la condition et Filmage oftheoriginal copy and In keeping with the de la nettet6 de rexemplaire film*, eten filming contractspecifications. conformityavec les conditions du contrat de fllmage. Original copies In printed papercoversarefilmed Les exemplaires orlglnaux dontla couverture en beginning withthe front coverand ending on papierest Imprlmte sontfilmts en commenpant the last pagewith a printed or Illustrated impres- parle premierplateten termlnantsolt parla sion, orthe back coverwhenappropriate. All dernlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte otheroriginalcopies arefilmed beginning on the d'Impression ou d'lliustratlon, soltpar le second first pagewitha printed or illustrated Impres- plat, selon lecas. Touslesautres exemplaires sion, and ending on the last pagewith a printed orlglnaux sontfilmto en commen9ant par la or Illustrated Impression. premiere pagequi comporte une emprelnte d'Impression ou d'lliustratlon et en termlnant par la dernlAre page qui comporte unetelle es emprelnte. The last recorded frameon each microfiche Un des symboles suivantsapparattra sur la TshIaNlUlEcDo"n)t,aionrtthheessyymmbbooll—V^'(m(emaenainnigng"E"NCDO"N)-, dcaesr:nllAeresyimmbaoglesd—e chseiqgunieflmeic"rAofSiUchIeV,REs"el,onlele V whicheverapplies. symbols signifle "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at Ifls cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent fttre different reduction ratios. Thosetoo largeto be filvs((§3A des taux de rMuction diffirents. entirely Included In one exposure arefilmed Lorsque le document esttrop grand pour Atre beginning In the upperleft hand corner, leftto reproduit en un seui cllchA. II estfilm*A partir rightand top to bottom, as many frames as de TanglesupArieurgauche, degauche A droits, required. The following diagrams illustratethe etde hauten bas, en prenant le nombre method: d'Images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la m6thode. errata i to 1 t 3 pelure, :-, on A n 32X ( I I 1 \l w DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA } VOLUME I. ; ^^ ,-*>ft' PRIKTKD BT XRLLT AKDCO, MIDDLE MILL, KIK0ST0N-0K-THAME3 ANDGATE STREET, LINCOLN'S INK FIELDS, W.a •~" • .^^ DEMOCRACY AMERICA IN BY ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE TRANSLATED BY HENRY REEVE, C.B. NEW EDITION WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE BY THE TRANSLATOR AND A PREFACE IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. L LONDON LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO, AND NEW YORK 15 EAST IGtn STREET : 1889 All rightt reterved / ! 1 PREFACE TO THIS EDITION BY THE TRANSLATOR. M > « At an advanced time of my Lfe another edition is required of the translation of this work, which I published fifty-four years ago. It is gratifying to find that this long period of time has rather increased than diminished the interest which is felt in the writings of M. de Tocqueville and the respect entertained for his opinions. Not many writers on speculative politics have stood the test of time or acquired a permanent authority in political science; but in the opinion of the present generation, the works of M. de Tocqueville stand not far below those of Montesquieu and Burke, and they may be ranked with those of the late Sir Kenry Maine, to which they bear a striking resemblance. If the piincipal object of M. de Tocqueville had been to describe the political and social institutions of the United States, as he saw them nearly si-ty years ago, his work would now be obsolete, for that country has undergone changes in the last half-century surpassing the furthest extent of human foresight. The population of the North American States has quadrupled. Their territory has extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The number of the sovereign State^ of the Union has been raised to forty-two, each of them possessing an independent legislature and executive, subject only to the terms of the Federal compact. The rural townships of New