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Democracy from Above: Regional Organizations and Democratization PDF

264 Pages·2005·1.78 MB·English
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This page intentionally left blank Democracy from Above Since the momentous events of the late 1980s, democratic transition hasbeenawidelystudiedphenomenon.Mostscholarswhohaveinves- tigatedthecausesandimplicationsoftheglobaltrendtodemocracyhave arguedthatdomesticpoliticsistheleadingdeterminantinthesuccessor failureoftransitionstodemocracy.JonC.Pevehousearguesthatinter- national factors, specifically regional organizations, play an important role in the transition to and endurance of democracy. Domestic elites usemembershipofregionalorganizationstoadvancethecauseofdemo- cracysincetheseorganizationscanmanipulatethecostsandbenefitsof democracy to important societal groups such as business elites or the military.Sixcases(Hungary,Peru,Greece,Paraguay,Guatemala,and Turkey)areusedtoexaminethecausalprocessesbehindthestatistical associationbetweenregionalorganizationsanddemocratization.These findings bridge international relations and comparative politics while also providing guidelines for policymakers who wish to use regional organizationstopromotedemocracy. jon c. pevehouse is Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin. He has published in journals such as the American Polit- ical Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, International Organization,JournalofPolitics,andJournalofConflictResolution. Democracy from Above Regional organizations and democratization Jon C. Pevehouse UniversityofWisconsin,Madison    Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge  , UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521844826 © Jon C. Pevehouse 2005 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2005 - ---- eBook (EBL) - --- eBook (EBL) - ---- hardback - --- hardback - ---- paperback - --- paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Dedicated to my mother and father, who taught me the importance of education, hard work, and modesty; and who demonstrated the value of all three. Contents Listoffiguresandtables page viii Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xiii 1 Democratizationandinternationalrelations 1 2 Regionalorganizations,thetransitiontoandthe consolidationofdemocracy 15 3 Thesupply-sideofdemocratizationandinitialtests 46 4 Regionalorganizationsandthetransitionto democracy 77 5 Regionalorganizationsandthetransitionto democracy:evidencefromcases 111 6 Regionalorganizationsanddemocraticconsolidation 154 7 Regionalorganizationsandtheconsolidationof democracy:evidencefromcases 169 8 Conclusion 199 References 219 Index 243 vii Figures and tables Figures 3.1 ExamplesofPolity98democracyscoresforvarious nation-states page60 3.2 Polity98distributionofregimetypeovertime 61 3.3 Gasiorowskiregimetypedistributionovertime 64 3.4 Numberoftransitionsperyear 66 3.5 ExamplesofIOScoreforvariousinternational organizations 71 3.6 IOinvolvementovertime 72 Tables 2.1 Transitionmechanisms 27 2.2 Consolidationmechanisms 44 3.1 Correlationamongregimetypevariables 65 3.2 Correlationamongregimetransitionvariables 66 3.3 Correlationamongdemocraticbreakdownvariables 67 3.4 Internationalorganizationsincludedintheprimary analyses,1950–92 68 3.5 DescriptivestatisticsofIOsanddemocratization 73 3.6 SuccessfulconsolidationandIOinvolvement 74 4.1 Estimatesofthedeterminantsofthetransitionto democracy,1950–92 86 4.2 Percentagechangeinprobabilityoftransition 86 4.3 Estimatesofthedeterminantsofliberalization, 1950–92 94 4.4 Percentagechangeinprobabilityofliberalization 95 4.5 Estimatesofthedeterminantsofdemocraticcompletion, 1950–92 98 4.6 Probabilitiesofcompletionofdemocratictransition 99 viii

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Few scholars have systematically examined whether the world outside a state's borders can influence the prospects for democracy. Jon Pevehouse argues that regional organizations, such as the European Union and the Organization of American States, can have an important role in both the transition to,
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