Democracy from Above: Regional Organizations and Democratization

264 Pages·2005·1.78 MB·English

by  Jon C. Pevehouse

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Democracy from Above
Since the momentous events of the late 1980s, democratic transition
hasbeenawidelystudiedphenomenon.Mostscholarswhohaveinves-
tigatedthecausesandimplicationsoftheglobaltrendtodemocracyhave
arguedthatdomesticpoliticsistheleadingdeterminantinthesuccessor
failureoftransitionstodemocracy.JonC.Pevehousearguesthatinter-
national factors, specifically regional organizations, play an important
role in the transition to and endurance of democracy. Domestic elites
usemembershipofregionalorganizationstoadvancethecauseofdemo-
cracysincetheseorganizationscanmanipulatethecostsandbenefitsof
democracy to important societal groups such as business elites or the
military.Sixcases(Hungary,Peru,Greece,Paraguay,Guatemala,and
Turkey)areusedtoexaminethecausalprocessesbehindthestatistical
associationbetweenregionalorganizationsanddemocratization.These
findings bridge international relations and comparative politics while
also providing guidelines for policymakers who wish to use regional
organizationstopromotedemocracy.
jon c. pevehouse is Associate Professor at the University of
Wisconsin. He has published in journals such as the American Polit-
ical Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, International
Organization,JournalofPolitics,andJournalofConflictResolution.

Democracy from Above
Regional organizations and democratization
Jon C. Pevehouse
UniversityofWisconsin,Madison
  
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
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© Jon C. Pevehouse 2005
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First published in print format 2005
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Dedicated to my mother and father,
who taught me the importance of
education, hard work, and modesty;
and who demonstrated the value of all three.

Contents
Listoffiguresandtables page viii
Acknowledgments xi
Abbreviations xiii
1 Democratizationandinternationalrelations 1
2 Regionalorganizations,thetransitiontoandthe
consolidationofdemocracy 15
3 Thesupply-sideofdemocratizationandinitialtests 46
4 Regionalorganizationsandthetransitionto
democracy 77
5 Regionalorganizationsandthetransitionto
democracy:evidencefromcases 111
6 Regionalorganizationsanddemocraticconsolidation 154
7 Regionalorganizationsandtheconsolidationof
democracy:evidencefromcases 169
8 Conclusion 199
References 219
Index 243
vii
Figures and tables
Figures
3.1 ExamplesofPolity98democracyscoresforvarious
nation-states page60
3.2 Polity98distributionofregimetypeovertime 61
3.3 Gasiorowskiregimetypedistributionovertime 64
3.4 Numberoftransitionsperyear 66
3.5 ExamplesofIOScoreforvariousinternational
organizations 71
3.6 IOinvolvementovertime 72
Tables
2.1 Transitionmechanisms 27
2.2 Consolidationmechanisms 44
3.1 Correlationamongregimetypevariables 65
3.2 Correlationamongregimetransitionvariables 66
3.3 Correlationamongdemocraticbreakdownvariables 67
3.4 Internationalorganizationsincludedintheprimary
analyses,1950–92 68
3.5 DescriptivestatisticsofIOsanddemocratization 73
3.6 SuccessfulconsolidationandIOinvolvement 74
4.1 Estimatesofthedeterminantsofthetransitionto
democracy,1950–92 86
4.2 Percentagechangeinprobabilityoftransition 86
4.3 Estimatesofthedeterminantsofliberalization,
1950–92 94
4.4 Percentagechangeinprobabilityofliberalization 95
4.5 Estimatesofthedeterminantsofdemocraticcompletion,
1950–92 98
4.6 Probabilitiesofcompletionofdemocratictransition 99
viii