Democracy: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) PDF
Preview Democracy: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)
Democracy: A Very Short Introduction VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been published in more than 25 languages worldwide. The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. Over the next few years it will grow to a library of around 200 volumes- a Very Short Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very Short Introductions available now: ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY Julia Annas Simon Critchley THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE COSMOLOGY Peter Coles John Blair CRYPTOGRAPHY ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia Fred Piper and Sean Murphy ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn DADAAND SURREALISM ARCHITECTURE David Hopkins Andrew Ballantyne DARWIN Jonathan Howard ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick ART HISTORY Dana Arnold DESCARTES TomSorell ARTTHEORY Cynthia Freeland DRUGS Leslie Iversen THE HISTORYOF TH E EARTH Martin Redfern ASTRONOMY Michael Hoskin EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY ATHEISM Julian Baggini Geraldine Pinch AUGUSTINE HenryChadwick EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BARTHES Jonathan Culler BRITAIN PaulLangford THE BIBLE John Riches THE ELEMENTS Philip Ball BRITISH POLITICS EMOTION Dylan Evans Anthony Wright EMPIRE Stephen Howe BUDDHA Michael Carrithers ENGELS Terrell Carver BUDDHISM DamienKeown ETH ICS Simon Blackburn CAPITALISM James Fulcher THE EUROPEAN UNION THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe John Pinder CHOICETHEORY EVOLUTION Michael Allingham Brian and Deborah Charlesworth CHRISTIAN ART Beth Williamson FASCISM Kevin Pass mo re CLASSICS Mary Beard and THE FRENCH REVOLUTION John Henderson William Doyle CLAUSEWITZ Michael Howard FREUD AnthonyStorr THE COLD WAR GALILEO Stillman Drake Robert McMahon GANDHI BhikhuParekh GLOBALIZATION PLATO Julia Annas Manfred Steger POLITICS Kenneth Minogue HEGEL Peter Singer POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY HEIDEGGER Michael Inwood David Miller HINDUISM KimKnott POSTCOLONIALISM HISTORY John H.Arnold Robert Young HOBBES Richard Tuck POSTMODERNISM HUME A.J. Ayer Christopher Butler IDEOLOGY Michael Freeden POSTSTRUCTU RALISM INDIAN PHILOSOPHY Catherine Belsey Sue Hamilton PREHISTORY Chris Gosden INTELLIGENCE Ian J. Deary PRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY ISLAM Malise Ruthven Catherine Osborne JUDAISM Norman Solomon PSYCHOLOGY Gillian Butler and JUNG Anthony Stevens Freda McManus KANT Roger Scruton QUANTUMTHEORY KIERKEGAARD Patrick Gardiner John Polkinghorne THE KORAN Michael Cook ROMAN BRITAIN PeterSalway LINGUISTICS Peter Matthews ROUSSEAU Robert Wokler LITERARY THEORY RUSSELL A. C. Grayling Jonathan Culler RUSSIAN LITERATURE LOCKE John Dunn Catriona Kelly LOGIC Graham Priest THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION MACHIAVELLI Quentin Skinner S. A. Smith MARX Peter Singer SCHIZOPHRENIA MATHEMATICS Timothy Cowers Chris Frith and Evejohnstone MEDIEVAL BRITAIN SCHOPENHAUER John Gillingham and Christopher Janaway Ralph A. Griffiths SHAKESPEARE Germaine Greer MODERN IRELAND SOCIAL AND CULTURAL Senia Paseta ANTHROPOLOGY MOLECULES Philip Ball John Monaghan and Peter Just MUSIC Nicholas Cook SOCIOLOGY Steve Bruce NIETZSCHE Michael Tanner SOCRATES C. C.W.Taylor NINETEENTH-CENTURY SPINOZA Roger Scruton BRITAIN Christopher Harvie and STUART BRITAIN John Morrill H. C. G. Matthew TERRORISM Charles Townshend NORTHERN IRELAND THEOLOGY David F. Ford Marc Mulholland THE TUDORS John Guy PAU L E. P. Sanders TWENTIETH-CENTURY PHILOSOPHY Edward Craig BRITAIN Kenneth O. Morgan PHILOSOPHYOFSCIENCE WITTGENSTEIN A. C. Grayling SamirOkasha WORLD MUSIC Philip Bohlman Available soon: AFRICAN HISTORY HIEROGLYPHS John Parker and Richard Rathbone Penelope Wilson ANCIENT EGYPT Ian Shaw HIROSHIMA B. R.Tomlinson THE BRAIN Michael O'Shea HUMAN EVOLUTION BUDDHIST ETHICS Bernard Wood Damien Keown INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CHAOS Leonard Smith Paul Wilkinson CHRISTIANITY Linda Woodhead JAZZ Brian Morton CITIZENSHIP Richard Bellamy MANDELA Tom Lodge CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE MEDICAL ETHICS Robert Tavernor Tony Hope CLONING ArleneJudith Klotzko THE MIND Martin Davies CONTEMPORARY ART MYTH Robert Segal Julian Stallabrass NATIONALISM Steven Crosby THE CRUSADES PERCEPTION Richard Gregory Christopher Tyerman PHILOSOPHYOF RELIGION DERRIDA Simon Glendinning Jack Copeland and Diane Proudfoot DESIGN JohnHeskett PHOTOGRAPHY DINOSAURS David Norman Steve Edwards DREAMING J. Allan Hobson THE RAJ DenisJudd ECONOMICS Partha Dasgupta THE RENAISSANCE THE ENDOFTHE WORLD Jerry Brotton Bill McGuire RENAISSANCEART EXISTENTIALISM Thomas Flynn Geraldine Johnson THE FIRST WORLD WAR SARTRE Christina Howells Michael Howard THESPANISH CIVIL WAR FREEWILL Thomas Pink Helen Graham FUNDAMENTALISM TRAGEDY Adrian Poole Malise Ruthven THETWENTIETH CENTURY HABERMAS Gordon Finlayson Martin Conway For more information visit our web site www.oup.co.uk/vsi Bernard Crick DEMOCRACY A Very Short Introduction OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6op Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Bernard Crick 2002 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published as a Very Short Introduction 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 13: 978-0-19-280250-7 ISBN 10: 0-19-280250-X 5 7 9 10 8 6 Typeset by RefineCatch Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk Printed in Great Britain by Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, Hampshire Contents List of illustrations viii Introduction 1 I The word and the deed 7 2. The place from where we started 14 J Republicanism and democra 4 Comme disait M. de Tocqueville 58 J Democracy and populism 69 D The conditions of modern democracy 91 / Democratic citizenship 104 Further reading 121 Index 127 List of illustrations 1 Delacroix's La Liberte 7 Tocqueville: title page of guidant le peuple 4 the first English edition Reunion des Musees Nationaux of his masterpiece 61 British Library 8009.bbb.24 2 The goddess Minerva, the Roman manifestation of 8 Abraham Lincoln, study Athena, patron and by Matthew Brady, protector of Athens 17 1863 70 Bath City Council © Bettmann/CORBIS 3 Nineteenth-century 9 Cartoon of Gladstone image of a centurion on and Disraeli from Hadrian's Wall 26 Punch 74 Bridgeman Art Library, London Hulton Getty 4 Machiavelli 37 10 Woodrow Wilson meeting © Ted Spiegel/CORBIS Congressmen, by Max Beerbohm 84 5 Thomas Jefferson 46 Woodrow Wilson Collection, © Bettmann/CORBIS Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton 6 Rousseau inspired by University Nature; Robespierre inspired by action 53 11 Christabel Pankhurst in National Gallery of Scotland; Trafalgar Square 93 © Stefano Bianchetti/CORBIS Mary Evans Picture Library 12 Nelson Mandela voting 13 The Berlin Wall, in South Africa, 27 April 8 November 1989 116 1994, 105 © Peter Turnley/CORBIS © Peter Turnley/CORBIS The publisher and the author apologize for any errors or omissions in the above list. If contacted they will be pleased to rectify these at the earliest opportunity.
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