Dementia

409 Pages·2003·3.239 MB·English

by  Mario Maj, Norman Sartorius

VOLUME
3
Dementia
Second Edition
WPA Series
Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry
Dementia,SecondEdition.EditedbyMarioMajandNormanSartorius.
#2002JohnWiley&SonsLtd.ISBN: 0-470-84963-0
Other Titles in the WPA Series
Evidence and Experience
in Psychiatry
Volume 1—Depressive Disorders, Second Edition
Mario Maj and Norman Sartorius
Volume 2—Schizophrenia, Second Edition
Mario Maj and Norman Sartorius
Volume 4—Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,
Second Edition
Mario Maj, Norman Sartorius, Ahmed Okasha
and Joseph Zohar
Volume 5—Bipolar Disorder
Mario Maj, Hagop S. Akiskal, Juan Jose´ Lo´pez-Ibor
and Norman Sartorius
VOLUME
3
Dementia
Second Edition
Edited by
Mario Maj
University of Naples, Italy
Norman Sartorius
University of Geneva, Switzerland
WPA Series
Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry
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Contents
List of ReviewContributors xi
Preface xiii
CHAPTER1 DEFINITION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
OF DEMENTIA 1
Definition and Epidemiology
of Dementia: AReview 1
A.S.Henderson and A.F. Jorm
COMMENTARIES
1.1 The Continuing Evolutionof Dementia
Epidemiology 34
M.Ganguli
1.2 Dementia: Hope forthe Future 36
S. Lovestone
1.3 Dementia: Much Information, Many Unanswered
Questions 39
L.F. Jarvik
1.4 Vascular Factors andDementia 42
I.Skoog
1.5 Dementia: Known andUnknown 45
E.D. Caine
1.6 Dementia: a Public Health Emergency and a
Scientific Challenge 47
L. Fratiglioni
1.7 Dementia: Plenty ofQuestions Still to Be Answered 50
R. Jacoby
1.8 Ratesand Risk Factors for Dementia: Evidence
or Controversy? 52
P. Kragh-Sørensen, K. Andersen, A.Lolk and
H.Nielsen
1.9 Dementia: the Public Health Challenge 55
K.I. Shulman
1.10 Definitionand Epidemiology of Dementia: Some
Issues that Need Clarification 57
P.J.Whitehouse
vi CONTENTS
1.11 Dementia: theChallenge for the Next Decade 59
A. Mann
1.12 Recent Progressinthe Definitionand
Epidemiology ofDementia 62
A. Burns
1.13 Dementia: Some Controversial Issues 64
M.R.Jorge
1.14 Isthe Prevalence Rate of Alzheimer’s Disease
Increasing in Japan? 66
A. Homma
CHAPTER 2 CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA 69
Clinical Diagnosis of Dementia: AReview 69
B. Reisberg,E. Franssen, M.A. Shah, J. Weigel,
M. Bobinskiand H.M. Wisniewski
COMMENTARIES
2.1 The Value of Inclusive Diagnostic Thinking and
Appreciating Developmental Variance 116
E.B. Larson
2.2 Reflectionson Retrogenesis 118
J. O’Brien
2.3 Dementia: Diagnosis,Progression and
Retrogression 120
P.S. Sachdev
2.4 Staging of SevereAlzheimer’sDiseaseand the
Concept ofRetrogenesis: Doorsto beOpened for
Research and Clinical Practice 123
R. Heun
2.5 When DiagnosisisCertain, FunctionalScoresare
Robust andRecommendableMarkersof the
Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease 125
G. Ransmayr
2.6 Findings with theAid of FunctionalAssessment
Staging (FAST) 127
Sir M.Roth
2.7 Two Decades of Longitudinal Research in
Alzheimer’s Disease 130
S.I.Finkel
2.8 DiagnosingDementia: the Need for Improved
Criteria 132
G. Gold
CONTENTS vii
2.9 Pitfallsin DiagnosingAlzheimer’sDisease 135
I.Kloszewska
2.10 Evaluating thePerformanceof Measures to Assess
Dementia 136
D.R.Gifford
2.11 Dementia as a Diagnostic Entity 139
S. Wibisono
CHAPTER3 NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND
INSTRUMENTALDIAGNOSIS OF
DEMENTIA 143
Neuropsychological and Instrumental Diagnosis
of Dementia: AReview 143
O.Almkvist
COMMENTARIES
3.1 Improving Diagnosisof Dementia 166
M.Rossor
3.2 The Contribution of Neuropsychologyto the
Assessment of Dementia Syndromes 169
K. Ritchie
3.3 Neuropsychological and Instrumental Diagnosis
of Dementia: theEvidence 171
P. Scheltens
3.4 Some Clinical Aspects andResearch Issues in the
Neuropsychological Assessment ofDementia 173
A.U. Monsch
3.5 The Role of Cognitive andFunctional Evaluation in
the Care of Patientswith Dementia 176
R.C. Mohs
3.6 Evaluating theCognitive Changes of Normal and
Pathologic Aging 179
J.C. Morris and W.P. Goldman
3.7 Alzheimer’s DiseaseandOtherDegenerative
Dementias: Need for anEarly Diagnosis 182
R. Mielkeand W.-D. Heiss
3.8 Neuropsychological and Instrumental Diagnosis of
Dementia in aClinical Context 184
G.K.Wilcock
3.9 Neuropsychological Tests that are Helpfulto the
Etiological Diagnosisof Dementia 187
F. Pasquier
viii CONTENTS
3.10 The Importanceof anEarly Diagnosisin Alzheimer’s
Disease 189
A. Nordberg
3.11 When Should We Use Which DiagnosticTools? 193
G. Stoppe
3.12 Factors Affecting Diagnosis in Dementia 195
A. Heerlein
CHAPTER 4 PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTOF
DEMENTIA 199
PharmacologicalTreatment ofDementia:
AReview 199
S.C.Samuels and K.L. Davis
COMMENTARIES
4.1 Alzheimer’s Diseaseis Treatable 247
P.N.Tariot
4.2 Treatmentof Dementia: Where Do We Go from
Here? 251
D.P. Devanand
4.3 The Future of Alzheimer’s Pharmacotherapeutics 253
E.R. Peskind
4.4 Outcome Measures and Ethical Issuesin the
Pharmacotherapy ofAlzheimer’sDisease 256
G. Waldemar
4.5 From Bench to Bedside:How to Treat Dementia 259
S. Gauthier
4.6 Some Limitations inthe Drug Treatmentof
Alzheimer’s Disease 262
B.E. Leonard
4.7 Issues Regarding the Pharmacotherapy of Dementia 266
K.L. Lanctoˆt
4.8 Treatmentof Cognitive andNon-cognitive
Disturbances in Dementia 269
W. Samueland D.V. Jeste
4.9 Are There Concernsabout the ‘‘Real World’’
Effectiveness and Safetyof Medications for
Alzheimer’s Disease? 272
L.S. Schneider
4.10 Phytoneuropsychotropics in Alzheimer’s Disease:
Treatmentand/or Prevention 275
T.M.Itil
CONTENTS ix
CHAPTER5 PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS FOR
DEMENTIA 279
Psychosocial Interventions for Dementia:
AReview 279
F. Baro
COMMENTARIES
5.1 Psychosocial Dimensions of Dementia Care 308
K.C. Buckwalter
5.2 First Experience, then Evidence, then Possibly
New Criteria 312
M.Powell Lawton
5.3 The Development of Cognitive
Neurorehabilitation for Alzheimer’s Disease 314
T. Asada
5.4 Psychosocial Interventions and Behavioural
Treatments for Dementia 317
L. Teri
5.5 The Need for Greater Specificity in Psychosocial
Interventions 319
C. Beck
5.6 Psychosocial Interventions in Dementia: the
NatureandFocusof Intervention, Outcome
Measurement and Qualityof Life 322
S. Banerjee
5.7 GeneralComments on Psychosocial Interventions
for Dementia 325
E. Miller
5.8 ChangingTherapeuticParadigms 327
B. Groulx
5.9 Psychosocial Interventions in Dementia: Attitudes,
Approaches, Therapiesand Qualityof Life 330
E. Chiu
5.10 The Importanceof Touch andContact 332
Y. Barak
5.11 The Need to Improvise and LookforEvidence 334
A.M. Ashour
5.12 The Need for Psychosocial Interventions in
Dementia 337
M.Sua´rez Richards
5.13 Sharing and SupportingFamilies with Dementia 338
R. Srinivasa Murthy