Delivering the New Urban Agenda through Urban and Territorial Planning

108 Pages·2017·0.81 MB·English

Delivering the
New Urban Agenda through
Urban and Territorial
Planning
First published in Kuala Lumpur in 2018
Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2018
All rights reserved
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)
P. O. Box 30030, 00100 Nairobi GPO KENYA
Tel: [phone] (Central Office)
www.unhabitat.org
HS Number: HS/004/18E
Financial support of South African Local Government Association (SALGA) and South African Department of Human Settlements in
supporting the publication is gratefully acknowledged.
Disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United
Nations, or its Member States.
Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated.
Acknowledgements
Expert writing team (Cliff Hague – lead writer, Christine Platt, Paul Taylor, supported by Raf Tuts, Shipra Narang Suri, and
Remy Sietchiping of UN Habitat)
Technical support: SALGA (Ashraf Adam, Seana Nkhahle, Delani Khanyile), Department of Human Settlements
(Monika Glinzler), UN Habitat (Andrea Oyuela)
Facilitation support: MCA Urban and Environmental Planners (Matt Cullinan and Rebecca Cameron)
International experts who formulated the guidelines and whose comments were much appreciated: Serge Allou, Sahar Attia,
Brigitte Bariol-Mathias, Daniel Biau, Ronald Chimowa, Gordon Dabinett, Imam Ernawi, Edesio Fernandes, Andries Geerse,
Ellen Hamilton, Sara Hoeflich, Mamadou Bachir Kanouté, Savino Katsigaire, Sarah Alphonce Kyessi, Josep Maria Llop,
Tadashi Matsumoto, Berin McKenzie, Hilde Moe, Subhatri Moonsammy, Andre Mueller, Shi Nan, Toshiyasu Noda,
Flávio Gonzaga Bellegarde Nunes, Elke Pahl-Weber, Samuel Seth Passah, Christine Platt (Chair), Virginie Rachmul,
Hassan Radoine, Joris Scheers, Maria Regina Rau de Souza, Bruce Stiftel, Shipra Narang Suri, Chikako Takase, Hongyang Wang.
Contributions to first drafting session: Piet van Zyl, Yusuf Patel, Meggan Spires, Cecil Madell
Delivering the
New Urban Agenda through
Urban and Territorial
Planning
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LEADING CHANGE Delivering the New Urban Agenda through Urban and Territorial Planning
Foreword
We are very pleased to present Leading Change: the Expert Group was actively supported by
Delivering the New Urban Agenda through the International Society of City and Regional
Urban and Territorial Planning, an insightful Planners (ISOCARP) and United Cities and Local
analysis of UN-Habitat’s Guidelines for Urban and Governments (UCLG), representing professionals
Territorial Planning. The revival of planning as a and local authorities respectively.
key instrument of sustainable urbanisation, and
This publication is an attempt to unpack the
indeed, sustainable development as such, has
essential principles and ideas that underpin the
been a journey of over a decade, spearheaded by
Guidelines. Along with urban economy and
UN-Habitat but in close collaboration with several
legislation, urban planning remains one of the
partners. What began in 2005 as a series of ad-hoc
three fundamentals of urbanisation as enshrined
flyers documenting UN-Habitat’s various activities
in the New Urban Agenda.
related to urban planning, has culminated in urban
planning and design becoming fundamental to
Supported by SALGA and the Department of
the agency’s work, an important piece of SDG 11,
Human Settlements, Government of South
and central to the New Urban Agenda, agreed
Africa, Leading Change is an excellent addition
by member states at the Habitat III Conference in
to the suite of knowledge products focused on
Quito in October 2016.
urban planning and design being developed by
UN-Habitat and its partners, to build a better
A key step in this journey was the adoption of the
understanding of the Guidelines and support
International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial
their implementation. We hope that this book
Planning by the UN-Habitat Governing Council
will help national governments, local and regional
in April 2015. The Guidelines were developed
authorities and their networks, professional
through an extensive participatory process
associations, and civil society networks, across the
involving representatives of national governments,
globe, to engage with planning and use it as tool
local authorities, professional associations and civil
to deliver sustainable, inclusive, resilient and safe
society, who contributed their time and expertise
cities and human settlements.
though a series of Expert Group Meetings over
a period of two years. Alongside UN-Habitat,
Dr. Joan Clos Mbulelo Tshangana Parks Tau
Executive Director, Director General, President, South African Local
UN-Habitat Department of Human Government Association and
Settlements, RSA United Cities and Local Government
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LEADING CHANGE Delivering the New Urban Agenda through Urban and Territorial Planning
Message from the Chair of the Expert Group:
International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial
Planning
The names of the people who gave so opportunity during the Habitat III preparatory
generously of their time to draft the process, including in the Habitat III thematic
International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial meeting hosted by South Africa in Pretoria,
Planning and to write this book are listed in Leading Change: From Slums to Inclusive, Safe,
the acknowledgements. Their contributions Resilient and Sustainable Human Settlement.
have however been so substantial that simply for the conceptualisation of the book. This
listing names is not recognition enough. Special opportunity was vital to bringing the book to
mention must be made of the enormous life and is greatly appreciated, especially as it
contribution and selfless effort made by these has enabled us to start moving not only from
remarkable people, drawn from all corners of the “what” to the “how”, but also to start
the globe and from all Habitat partner groups thinking about the “who”.
– and all on a voluntary basis. They have made
Finally, acknowledgment must also be given
a significant contribution to positioning us to
to the South African Local Government
deliver the sustainable urban future the New
Association (SALGA) for supporting the writing
Urban Agenda seeks to achieve.
of this book. Without SALGA’s belief in the
The Department of Human Settlements of the role of planning, as set out in the International
South African Government has played a key Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning,
role in both supporting the adoption of the and of the importance of partnerships in
International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial delivering the New Urban Agenda, this book
Planning, together with the Governments of would not have been possible.
France, Japan and Uganda, and in providing the
Christine Platt
Chair: Expert Group International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning
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LEADING CHANGE Delivering the New Urban Agenda through Urban and Territorial Planning
Abbreviations
AAPS The Association of African Planning Schools
AeT Asiye eTafuleni
BRT Bus Rapid Transit
CEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women
CSO Civil Society Organisation
ESPON European Territorial Observatory Network
GDP Gross Domestic Product
ICESCR International Convention on Economic, Social and Political Rights
ICN Innovation Circle Network
IG-UTP International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning
LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual and Transgender
MDG Millennium Development Goal
NCD Non-communicable Disease
NGO Non-government Organisation
NUA New Urban Agenda
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
PAS Planning Aid Scotland
PCVA Participatory Capacity and Vulnerability Analysis
PSUP Participatory Slum Upgrading Programme
SDG Sustainable Development Goal
SPLUMA Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (South Africa)
SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
UCLG United Cities and Local Governments
UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UN United Nations
UNISDR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
UTP Urban and Territorial Planning
WHO World Health Organization
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LEADING CHANGE Delivering the New Urban Agenda through Urban and Territorial Planning
Glossary
Administrative justice: Administrators must functionally (economically, socially, politically
follow fair procedures when taking decisions, and geographically) connected. These areas are
and those affected should have the right to typically 80-100 km across and occupy up to
review or appeal decisions and be given reasons 10,000 km².
for the decision. Decisions should be transparent
Climate change: A change in climate patterns
and free of any prejudice or partiality.
that persists for decades or longer. It arises from
Age-friendly cities: A local policy approach human activity that alters the composition of
to respond to the needs of aging populations the atmosphere (i.e. greenhouse gas emissions)
and support the inclusion of older people by that is over and above natural climate variability.
planning and designing environments that are
Climate change adaptation: Actions that
barrier-free, with good connections between
people and institutions make in anticipation
places, suitable housing and places to rest, meet
of, or in response to, a changing climate. This
people and get community support.
includes altering things they do and/or the way
Agglomeration economies: Competitive they do them.
advantages that accrue to businesses from
Climate change mitigation: An activity
location in a large urban centre – e.g. access to
to reduce the drivers of climate change, by
a larger market for labour and for components
reducing emissions of greenhouse gases to
and for the sale of products. Also there are
the atmosphere. In the context of disasters,
advantages of access to capital and knowledge.
“mitigation” means the measures taken before

the impact of a disaster to minimise its effects.
Capacity: Positive conditions or abilities which
increase a person’s or a group’s ability to do
Clusters: The tendency of businesses in the
things, and specifically to advocate for their
same sector to locate close to one another,
needs and to implement desired actions.
as this provides competitive advantages as a
form of competitive cooperation, e.g. access
Circular economy: An economy that recycles
to skills or components, and opportunities for
and reuses waste, so that today’s products
customers to do comparison shopping.
become tomorrow’s resources. It contrasts with
a linear economy that can be characterised as
Communicable diseases: Diseases spread
“take – make – dispose”. from one person or animal to another. The
infection can be transmitted via a variety of
City region: The area within which the
means, e.g. insect bites or airborne viruses.
connections between one or more cities and
the surrounding rural land are intense and
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LEADING CHANGE Delivering the New Urban Agenda through Urban and Territorial Planning
Disaster: A serious disruption of the functioning Gentrification: The process of social change
of a place and the activities it supports, causing that takes place in a neighbourhood, often
widespread human, material or environmental previously occupied by low-income residents, as
losses and impacts, which exceed the ability of more affluent people move in. Gentrification may
the people affected to cope using their own be triggered by environmental improvements or
resources. new transport links that make the area more
attractive, but can also occur as a response to
Disaster risk reduction: The systematic effort
housing shortages in pressured housing markets.
to analyse and manage the causal factors of
It is often associated with a change in tenure
disasters, i.e. reduce exposure to hazards, lessen
from renting to owner-occupation, or within
vulnerability of people and property, apply wise
renting from low rent to high rent. Supporting
environmental management, and improved
services and facilities, e.g. shops, bars, and
preparedness for adverse events.
industrial premises, are also likely to change.
Disruptive technologies: Innovations that Governance: The political and administrative
create significant new business opportunities management of places that involves partnerships
and models, and simultaneously make previous (formal or informal) between governments at
products, services and business practices different levels but also the private sector and
obsolete. civil society organisations.

Development state: States that have the Green belt: A planning policy that seeks to
capacity and political will to play a leading role retain a ring of agricultural, forest or other open
in the pursuit of development, and in which land around a growing settlement, by refusing
high priority is given to delivering economic to allow development there.
development. Such states typically combine
Green business: Private or semi-private
state investment and use of powers along with
enterprises that adopt principles and practices to
market-based mechanisms to attract foreign
protect people and the planet. They challenge
investment.
themselves to bring the goals of social and
Food security: People are considered food economic justice, environmental sustainability,
secure when they have availability and adequate as well as community health and development,
access at all times to sufficient, safe, nutritious into all of their activities — from production and
food to maintain a healthy and active life. Food supply chain management to employee relations
security analysts look at the combination of the and customer service. Such businesses often
following three main elements: food availability, have policies that reflect human rights.
access and utilisation (storage, cooking, sharing
etc).
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LEADING CHANGE Delivering the New Urban Agenda through Urban and Territorial Planning
Hazard: An event that has the potential for often, but not exclusively on the edge of a city,
causing injuries to life and damaging property and may be undertaken through self-build by
and the environment. households or be developed by businesses with
the intention of selling or renting the properties.
Healthy city: A city that is continually The residents are unlikely to have adequate land
creating and improving the physical and social rights to protect them from evictions.
environments and expanding the community
resources which enable people to mutually Infrastructure: An interconnected network of
support each other in performing all the physical artefacts and organisational structures
functions of life and developing to their that supply basic services to humans living in a
maximum potential. built environment.
Heritage: Includes both tangible heritage, such Multi-level governance: Governance (see
as historic buildings, public spaces or landscapes, above) in which a central feature is close working
as well as intangible heritage, such as cultural of key partners across scales, potentially from
practices and traditions. transnational to local.
Inclusive city: An inclusive city is one that Non-communicable diseases: Diseases that
values all people and their needs equally. It are not passed from one person or animal to
is one in which all residents—including the another, but are often of long duration and
most marginalised of poor workers and other slow progression, e.g. cardiovascular diseases or
vulnerable groups—have a representative cancers.
voice in governance, planning, and budgeting
Passive design: Approaches to the design of
processes, and have access to sustainable
human environments that provide a comfortable
livelihoods, legal housing and affordable
living environment by maximising the advantage
basic services such as water/sanitation and an
of the natural features of a site to eliminate or
electricity supply.
reduce the need for use of electricity.
Informal development: While definitions
Participatory budgeting: A way of reaching
can vary from country to country, reflecting
decisions on spending priorities by rounds of
differences in types and materials of construction,
public consultation to inform municipal budgets.
for example, in this book the term is intended to
As a democratic process it gives citizens a direct
mean development that is undertaken without
say in where and how money should be spent
going through a formal process of approval
on their behalf by their municipality.
under planning legislation or complying with
statutory building standards and codes. It is
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LEADING CHANGE Delivering the New Urban Agenda through Urban and Territorial Planning
Pinheiro principles: A set of guidelines for of the data is collected in real time through a
governments and UN agencies on how to system of sensors, and analysed and acted upon
address problems of housing, land and property by algorithms.
restitution. They reaffirm human rights and stress
Social justice: Justice in terms of the distribution
the importance of consultation and participation
of wealth, privileges and opportunities within a
of displaced persons.
society.
Resilience: The ability of a system or a place
Spatial framework: A form of strategic spatial
and its people to resist, absorb, accommodate
plan that is indicative rather than seeking
to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a
to precisely define how all the land will be
timely and efficient way.
developed. It is a policy based document that is
Right to the City: A contested term that has often displayed through a sketch diagram.
no globally agreed definition. The New Urban
Spatial justice: The spatial dimension of social
Agenda has identified key underpinnings which
justice, in other words justice in the way that
are based on “seeking to promote inclusivity,
wealth, privileges and opportunities – or dis-
and ensure that all inhabitants, of present and
benefits such as pollution or inaccessibility –
future generations, without discrimination of
are distributed in space, e.g. between different
any kind, are able to inhabit and produce just,
parts of a city.
safe, healthy, accessible, affordable, resilient,
and sustainable cities and human settlements,
Urban agriculture: The growing of plants and
to foster prosperity and quality of life for
the raising of animals within and around cities.
all”.  Some see it as a collection of agreed rights,
but others see it as a newer and more specified Urban and Territorial Planning: Urban and
right. territorial planning can be defined as a decision-
making process aimed at realising economic,
Smart cities: There is no universal definition
social, cultural, and environmental goals through
of a smart city, and many of the definitions
the development of spatial visions, strategies
that are put forward come from information
and plans and the application of sets of policy
technology companies seeking to market their
principles, tools, institutional and participatory
services and so include positive adjectives. A
mechanisms and regulatory procedures.
smart city is typically understood as one in
which extensive use is made of inter-linked sets Vulnerability: Conditions that reduce the
of data to manage essential urban services such ability of a place and its people to prepare for,
as lighting, transport or water systems. Much withstand or respond to a hazard.