Deep-sea Galatheidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from Tosa Bay and Okinawa Trough, Southern Japan

2007·2.8 MB·English

by  Osawa, M

Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 33(4), pp. 133–146, December 21, 2007
Deep-sea Galatheidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura)
from Tosa Bay and Okinawa Trough, Southern Japan
Masayuki Osawa1and Masatsune Takeda2,3
1Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of the Ryukyus,
1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903–0213, Japan
2Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1,
Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169–0073, Japan
3Faculty of Modern Life, Teikyo Heisei University, 2289–23 Uruido,
Ichihara, Chiba 290–0193, Japan
Abstract Crustaceans of the family Galatheidae are reported from Tosa Bay and Okinawa
Trough, southern Japan, at depths ranging from 526m to 3278m. The material comprises two
species of Munida Leach, 1820, two species of Galacantha A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, and nine
species of MunidopsisWhiteaves, 1874. Eight of these species are new to the carcinological fauna
of Japan: Munida tiresiasMacpherson, 1994, Galacantha bellisHenderson, 1885, Munidopsis an-
damanicaMacGilchrist, 1905, M. bairdii(Smith, 1884), M. bispinoculataBaba, 1988, M. centrina
Alcock and Anderson, 1894, M. pilosa Henderson 1885, and M. verrilli Benedict, 1902. Brief
notes on the decapod crustaceans recorded from abyssal depths of Japanese waters are provided.
Key words: Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae, Tosa Bay, Okinawa Trough, new records,
abyssal depths.
Introduction
proximately 80m in the northern Nansei Islands.
The research project entitled “Study on Deep- The present paper reports on the Galatheidae
Sea Fauna and Conservation of Deep-Sea based on the material of the research project and
Ecosystem” has been carried out by the National some additional specimens from Tosa Bay and
Science Museum (now National Museum of Na- Okinawa Trough located along the Nansei Is-
ture and Science), Tokyo, in southern Japan since lands, southern Japan, at lower bathyal and
1993. Investigations during three phases of the abyssal depths ranging from 526m to 3278m.
project were conducted in Suruga Bay on the Pa- The material includes two species of Munida
cific coast of central Honshu mainland from Leach, 1820, two species of Galacantha A.
1993 to 1996, Tosa Bay off Shikoku Island from Milne-Edwards, 1880, and nine species of Mu-
1997 to 2000, and the sea around the Nansei nidopsis Whiteaves, 1874. Eight species are new
(Ryukyu) Islands from 2001 to 2004, respective- to Japan.
ly (Kubodera and Machida, 1997; Saito et al., The specimens examined are deposited in the
2001; Shinohara et al., 2005). Although Takeda National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
(1997) reported on the decapod crustaceans, in- (NSMT) and the Natural History Museum and
cluding galatheids, from Suruga Bay based on Institute, Chiba (CBM). The size of the speci-
the material collected during the research, no mens is indicated by postorbital carapace length
reports have been made on the deep-water (cl), which is measured from the orbital margin
galatheids from Tosa Bay and the Nansei Islands. (posterior lateral end of the ocular peduncle in
Osawa (2006) described only a single species, dorsal view) to the posterior margin of the cara-
Galathea patae, from the shallow depth of ap- pace on the dorsal midline. The general terminol-
134 Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda
ogy follows that of Baba (2005). 6.9mm), NSMT-Cr 17836.
Remarks. The two specimens examined
agree well with the original description and illus-
Taxonomy
trations of Munida tiresias. In the larger speci-
Family Galatheidae men, the first article of the antennal peduncle has
Munida parvioculataBaba, 1982 a distomesial spine barely reaching the midlength
(Fig. 1A, B) of the second article, and the second article lacks
a distomesial spine. In the type material and
Munida parvioculataBaba, 1982: 104, figs. 1, 2b.
smaller specimen examined, the first antennal ar-
Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V Tansei- ticle possesses a short distomesial spine never
Maru, KT00-08, st. BT-6 (32°30.6(cid:1)–32°30.6(cid:1)N, reaching the midlength of the second article and
133°56.3(cid:1)–133°55.4(cid:1)E, 1227–1360m), 26 June a small but distinct distomesial spine is present
2000, beam trawl, 2 males (cl 10.2, 14.1mm), on the second article.
NSMT-Cr 17835. Distribution. Previously known only from
Remarks. The present specimens agree well New Caledonia, 1140–2049m, and presently
with the original description of Munida parvioc- from Japan (Okinawa Trough), 2027–2063m.
ulatain the diagnostic respects including that the The present record greatly extends its distribu-
lateral margins of the carapace are somewhat tion to the Northern hemisphere.
convex with the anterior second lateral spine well
developed, and the dactylus of the second pereo-
Galacantha bellisHenderson, 1885
pod is approximately half as long as the propo-
(Fig. 2A, B)
dus. Some minor morphological differences,
which could be treated as intraspecific variations, Galacantha bellis Henderson, 1885: 418; Macpherson,
2007: 9 (synonymy and references), figs. 1–4.
are found in the present material. The second ab-
dominal segment is armed with four or five Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V Tansei-
spines on the anterior transverse ridge, but the Maru,KT00-08, st. BT-9-2 (32°09.3(cid:1)–32°08.9(cid:1)N,
original description cites as having only two me- 134°03.4(cid:1)–134°06.0(cid:1)E, 2739–3278m), 26 June
dian spines or a tubercular process in addition to 2000, beam trawl, 2 males (cl 13.6, 18.6mm),
the two spines. The third article of the antennal 2 females (cl 17.7, 18.1mm), 1 ovigerous
peduncle has a minute or small distolateral spine female (cl 19.4mm), NSMT-Cr 17837; R/V
in the present specimens unlike in the type mate- Hakuho-Maru, KH02-03, st. TE (32°12.67(cid:1)N,
rial. Also the smaller specimen examined is not 133°55.64(cid:1)E, 2445m), 10 September 2002, beam
armed with a distomesial spine on the third an- trawl, 1 ovigerous female (cl 19.0mm), NSMT-
tennal article, whereas the spine is present in the Cr 17838.
larger specimen examined and the type material. Okinawa Trough: R/V Tansei-Maru, KT02-03,
Distribution. Known only from Japan: Izu Is- st. C-4 (25°24.47(cid:1)–25°25.03(cid:1)N, 124°57.58(cid:1)–
lands and Tosa Bay; 430–1400m. 124°59.41(cid:1)E, 2133–2125m), 24 April 2002,
beam trawl, 1 male (cl 14.6mm), NSMT-Cr
Munida tiresiasMacpherson, 1994 17839; st. D-2 (1) (27°02.33(cid:1)–27°02.88(cid:1)N,
(Fig. 1C, D) 126°58.24(cid:1)–126°59.08(cid:1)E, 1557–1540m), 28
April 2002, beam trawl, 1 ovigerous female (cl
Munida tiresiasMacpherson, 1994: 545, fig. 57.
18.7mm), NSMT-Cr 17840.
Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V Coloration. Carapace, abdomen, and pere-
Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. A-2 (25°23.16(cid:1)–25° opods entirely light red.
22.28(cid:1)N,127°14.29(cid:1)–127°12.97(cid:1)E, 2027–2063m), Remarks. The present material agrees well
24 April 2002, beam trawl, 2 females (cl 6.1, with the recent description of G. bellis provided
Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japan 135
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. A, B, Munida parvioculataBaba, 1982, male (cl 14.1mm), NSMT-Cr 17835, Tosa Bay; C,
D, Munida tiresias Macpherson, 1994, female (cl 6.1mm), NSMT-Cr 17836, Okinawa Trough.
136 Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda
Fig. 2. Dorsal view. A, B, Galacantha bellis Henderson, 1885, ovigerous female (cl 18.7mm), NSMT-Cr
17840, Okinawa Trough; C, D, Galacantha valdiviaeBalss, 1913, ovigerous female (cl 15.2mm), NSMT-Cr
17841, Okinawa Trough.
Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japan 137
by Macpherson (2007) except that the dorsal Munidopsis andamanicaMacGilchrist, 1905
transverse groove of the fourth abdominal seg- (Fig. 3A, B)
ment is interrupted medially in some specimens.
Munidopsis Wardeni var. andamanica MacGilchrist,
Macpherson (2007) mentioned that the groove is
1905; 245.
not interrupted in his specimens of G. bellis and Munidopsis andamanica: Baba, 1988: 140, fig. 53; 2005;
the interruption is characteristic of its close rela- 284 (synonymy and references); Macpherson, 2007;
tive G. subrostrata Macpherson, 2007 from the 37.
northeast Atlantic. However, Macpherson (2007)
Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V Kotaka-
also suggested that the morphological variations Maru, K98-12, st. K98-12-600 (33°12.1(cid:1)–
observed in his specimens of G. bellis require 33°11.8(cid:1)N, 133°44.4(cid:1)–133°45.4(cid:1)E, 654–686m),
further study in order to confirm the existence of
10 December 1998, otter trawl, 1 male (cl 15.0
a single or several species. The Japanese speci-
mm), NSMT-Cr 17842; st. K98-12-800 (33°
mens can be assigned to G. bellis until further 11.4(cid:1)–33°10.6(cid:1)N,133°53.8(cid:1)–133°55.3(cid:1)E,744–786
detailed study is made.
m), 11 December 1998, otter trawl, 1 female (cl
Distribution. Madagascar, Bay of Bengal,
14.2mm), NSMT-Cr 17843.
Laccadive Sea, Arabian Sea, Sri Lanka, central
Remarks. The specimens examined agree
Indian Ocean, Makassar Strait (Indonesia),
well with the original description and an account
Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Wallis and Fu-
provided by Baba (1988). Munidopsis andamani-
tuna area, off Valparaiso in Chile, and presently
ca is closely allied to M. cylindrops Benedict,
Japan (Tosa Bay and Okinawa Trough); 1035–
1902 from Japan and Mindanao Sea, but distin-
3800m.
guished by the corneas of the ocular peduncles
being cylindrical rather than oval.
Distribution. Andaman Sea, west coast of
Galacantha valdiviaeBalss, 1913
Sumatra, Indonesia, Philippines, South China
(Fig. 2C, D)
Sea, Taiwan, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia,
Galacantha valdiviae Balss, 1913; 224; Macpherson,
Vanuatu and Fiji Islands, and presently Japan
2007; 29 (synonymy and references), figs. 15, 16.
(Tosa Bay); 333–1598m.
Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V
Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. E-2 (26°15.10(cid:1)–26°
Munidopsis antonii(Filhol, 1884)
13.85(cid:1)N, 125°17.22(cid:1)–125°18.43(cid:1)E, 991–955m),
(Fig. 3C, D)
26 April 2002, beam trawl, 1 young female (cl
7.3mm), 1 ovigerous female (cl 15.2mm), Galathodes antoniiFilhol, 1884: 230, fig. 2.
Munidopsis antonii: Baba, 2005: 132, 284 (synonymy and
NSMT-Cr 17841.
references), figs. 52–54; Macpherson, 2007: 38.
Remarks. The present specimens agree well
with the recent diagnosis provided by Macpher- Material examined. South of Tosa Bay: R/V
son (2007). No distinct differences are found. Tansei-Maru, KT00-08, st. BT-9-2 (32°09.3(cid:1)–
Distribution. Off east coast of Somali Re- 32°08.9(cid:1)N, 134°03.4(cid:1)–134°06.0(cid:1)E, 2739–
public, Madagascar, Mozambique Channel, 3278m), 26 June 2000, beam trawl, 1 ovigerous
Moluccas, off northwest Sulawesi, Palawan Pas- female (cl 34.4mm), NSMT-Cr 17844.
sage, off Kii Peninsula and Okinawa Trough in Remarks. The taxonomy and morphological
Japan, off Central Queensland, and Solomon Is- variations of this species are fully discussed by
lands; 991–1644m. Baba (2005). Jones and Macpherson (2007) re-
cently described Munidopsis segonzaci, a close
relative of M. antonii, from off California. Mu-
nidopsis segonzaci can be differentiated from M.
138 Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda
Fig. 3. Dorsal view. A, B, Munidopsis andamanica MacGilchrist, 1905, male (cl 15.0mm), NSMT-Cr 17842,
Tosa Bay; C, D, Munidopsis antonii (Filhol, 1884), ovigerous female (cl 34.4mm), NSMT-Cr 17844, Tosa
Bay.
Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japan 139
antonii, which is widely distributed in the world Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V
oceans, by the shorter rostrum and the eyespine Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. C-4 (25°24.47(cid:1)–
strongly concave on the mesial margin (straight 25°25.03(cid:1)N, 124°57.58(cid:1)–124°59.41(cid:1)E, 2133–
or slightly concave in M. antonii). 2125m), 24 April 2002, beam trawl, 2 males (cl
Distribution. Atlantic Ocean—From north- 17.1, 19.6mm), 1 female (cl 17.0mm), NSMT-
western Atlantic and Bay of Biscay to off South Cr 17845; st. D-2 (2) (26°30.63(cid:1)N, 127°04.16(cid:1)E,
Africa, southeastern Atlantic; Pacific Ocean— 1900–1920m), 17 April 2002, beam trawl, 1 fe-
Eastern Pacific from off Oregon to Juan Fernan- male (cl 23.6mm), CBM-ZC 7643.
dez, Bering Sea, Japan (Izu Islands and Tosa Remarks. The present specimens show a cer-
Bay), off Zamboanga, Tasman Sea; Indian tain variation in the arrangement of the submedi-
Ocean—Southwestern Australia, Mozambique, an spines and number of the posterior marginal
and off Sri Lanka; 366–458m and 2516–4460m. spines on the carapace, as found in the material
reported by Macpherson and Segonzac (2005)
and Macpherson (2007). The arrangement of the
Munidopsis bairdii(Smith, 1884)
submedian spines varies in the three specimens
(Fig. 4A, B)
as follows: 2-0-2-0-2-1, 2-1-2-2-2-1, 2-2-3-0-3-1,
Galacantha bairdiiSmith, 1884: 356. and 2-1-2-0-2-2. Those spines are situated in the
Munidopsis bairdii: Baba, 2005: 285 (references);
epigastric, protogastric, mesogastric, anterior car-
Macpherson and Segonzac, 2005: 17, fig. 4; Macpher-
diac (just behind the cervical groove), posterior
son, 2007: 43 (synonymy).
Fig. 4. Dorsal view. Munidopsis bairdii(Smith, 1884), male (cl 19.6mm) (A), female (cl 17.0mm) (B), NSMT-
Cr 17845, Okinawa Trough.
140 Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda
cardiac, and intestinal regions, respectively. The Munidopsis centrina Alcock and Anderson, 1894: 170;
specimens examined also have two to five spines Baba, 2005: 139, 286 (synonymy and references), fig.
57; Macpherson, 2007: 49.
(two or three median spines, or two median and
two or three lateral spines) on the posterior mar- Material examined. South of Tosa Bay: R/V
ginal ridge of the carapace. Tansei-Maru, KT00-08, st. BT-9-2 (32°09.3(cid:1)–
The specimens examined agree well with the 32°08.9(cid:1) N, 134°03.4(cid:1)–134°06.0(cid:1)E, 2739–3278
diagnosis of M. bairdiinoted by Macpherson and m), 26 June 2000, beam trawl, 1 male (cl 19.1
Segonzac (2005) in every respect including the mm), NSMT-Cr 17847.
carapace armed with four distinct spines on each Remarks. The specimen examined generally
lateral margin and the eyespine directed straight agrees with the diagnosis recently provided by
forward. Baba (2005). The distolateral spine of the first ar-
Distribution. Atlantic Ocean—Off Delaware ticle of the antennal peduncle barely reaches the
Bay, off New England, Middle Atlantic Bight, distal margin of the second article. The second
from off British Isles to Bay of Biscay, west of pereopod terminates at the tip of the first pereo-
Cape Point in South Africa; Eastern Pacific— pod. These intraspecific variations are noted in
Gulf of Panama, Ecuador, Baja California, off the small “Galathea” specimen by Baba (2005).
Oregon; Indian Ocean—Sri Lanka; 1986– Distribution. Madagascar,MozambiqueChan-
4260m. The present specimens represent the first nel, Reunion Island, Bay of Bengal, Tasman Sea,
record in the western Pacific (Okinawa Trough, New Caledonia, and presently Japan (Tosa Bay);
Japan). 2300–3485m.
Munidopsis bispinoculataBaba, 1988 Munidopsis pilosaHenderson, 1885
Munidopsis bispinoculataBaba, 1988: 142, fig. 54; 2005: Munidopsis pilosa Henderson, 1885: 415; Baba, 2005:
137, 285; Baba and Poore, 2002: 232, fig. 1; Macpher- 293 (references); Macpherson, 2007: 93.
son, 2007: 44, fig. 55D.
Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V Kotaka-
Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V Kotaka-
Maru, K00-08, st. K00-08-800 (32°59.99–33°
Maru, K00-08, st. K00-08-800 (32°59.9(cid:1)– 00.3(cid:1)N, 133°37.4(cid:1)–133°37.9(cid:1)E, 820–840m), 23
33°00.3(cid:1)N, 133°37.4(cid:1)–133°37.9(cid:1)E, 820–840m),
August 2000, otter trawl, 1 male (cl 9.3mm),
23 August 2000, otter trawl, 1 male (cl 8.5mm),
NSMT-Cr 17848.
1 female (cl 12.5mm), NSMT-Cr 17846.
Remarks. The diagnosis and detailed illustra-
Remarks. As Baba and Poore (2002) and
tions of this species are provided by Baba (1988)
Baba (2005) noted for their specimens from the
on the basis of the “Albatross” material. There
southeastern Australia and Mindanao Sea, the
are no clear differences in the present specimen.
present material also has numerous, weak trans-
Distribution. Madagascar, Andaman Sea, In-
verse ridges on the carapace and two or four,
donesia, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu,
comparatively small spines on the anterior mar-
Tonga Islands, and presently Japan (Tosa Bay);
gin of the third thoracic sternite.
732–1640m.
Distribution. Madagascar, Philippines, In-
donesia, New South Wales, Solomon Islands,
Munidopsis subchelataBalss, 1913
Vanuatu, Fiji, and presently Japan (Tosa Bay);
443–2363m. (Fig. 5C, D)
Munidopsis subchelataBalss, 1913: 222; Baba, 2005: 296
(synonymy and references); Macpherson, 2007: 110.
Munidopsis centrinaAlcock and Anderson,
1894 Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V
(Fig. 5A, B) Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. E-2 (26°15.10(cid:1)–
Deep-sea Galatheidae from Japan 141
Fig. 5. Dorsal view. A, B, Munidopsis centrina Alcock and Anderson, 1894, male (cl 19.1mm), NSMT-Cr
17847, Tosa Bay; C, D, Munidopsis subchelataBalss, 1913, male (cl 21.6mm), NSMT-Cr 17849, Okinawa
Trough.
142 Masayuki Osawa and Masatsune Takeda
26°13.85(cid:1)N, 125°17.22(cid:1)–125°18.43(cid:1)E, 991–955 12.65(cid:1)N, 124°54.27(cid:1)–124°55.47(cid:1)E, 991–955m),
m), 26 April 2002, beam trawl, 1 male (cl 26 April 2002, beam trawl, 1 female (cl
21.6mm), NSMT-Cr 17849. 20.3mm), NSMT-Cr 17851.
Remarks. Baba and Williams (1998: 154) Remarks. The sole specimen examined
mentioned that Munidopsis plana Baba, 1986, agrees well with the diagnosis recently provided
appears to be a junior synonym of the Balss’ by Baba (2005). The fixed finger of the first pere-
species. The present specimen obtained from the opod lacks a denticulate carina on the distolateral
Okinawa Trough, the type locality of M. plana, margin. The propodus of the second pereopod is
agrees well with the type material of this species unarmed on the dorsal surface.
as well as M. subchelata in the diagnostic re- Distribution. Eastern Pacific–Off Oregon,
spects. San Nicolas Island, Santa Cruz Basin, from Mon-
Distribution. West of Sumatra, Makassar terey Bay to off Cerros Island, and off San Diego;
Strait, Okinawa Trough in Japan, and Solomon Western Pacific—Makassar Strait, Tasmania, and
Islands, at depths of 560–1080m. presently Japan (Okinawa Trough); 732–4169m.
Munidopsis trifidaHenderson, 1885 Abyssal galatheids and other decapod
(Fig. 6A, B) crustaceans from Japanese waters
Munidopsis trifidaHenderson, 1885: 415; Baba, 2005: Only two galatheid species, Munidopsis an-
193, 298 (synonymy and references); Macpherson, 2007:
tonii and M. subsquamosa Henderson, 1885,
115.
have been recorded from Japanese waters at
Material examined. Tosa Bay: R/V Kotaka- abyssal depths of over 3000m (Baba, 1982,
Maru, K99-03, st. K99-03-500 (33°12.5(cid:1)– 2005). The present material contains two species,
33°11.7(cid:1)N, 133°41.9(cid:1)–133°41.4(cid:1)E, 526–539m), Galacantha bellis and M. centrina, as additions
3 March 1999, otter trawl, 2 males (cl 17.3, 17.6 to Japanese abyssal galatheid fauna.
mm), NSMT-Cr 17850. Osawa et al. (2006) reported four Munidopsis
Remarks. The specimens examined have the species, M. panamae Baba, 2005, M. profunda
body and pereopods covered with fine setae and Baba, 2005, M. tafrii Osawa, Lin and Chan,
the palm of the first pereopod unarmed on the 2006, and M. teretis Baba, 2005, from depths of
mesial margin. These characters agree with the 3564–4455m off Taiwan, which is adjacent to
observations of the western Pacific material by Japanese waters. Examination of the material
Baba (1969, 2005) and Macpherson (2007). newly obtained during the recent research cruises
Distribution. Madagascar, Laccadive Sea, around Taiwan has revealed the presence of sev-
southern Arabian coast, Gulf of Aden, Bay of eral additional Munidopsis species from abyssal
Bengal, Indonesia, South and East China Seas, depths (Osawa et al., in press). Among the four
Okinawa Trough, Suruga Bay, Sagami Bay, species recorded from Japanese abyssal depths,
Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Straits of only M. centrinais found in the Taiwanese mate-
Magellan, and south of Chile; 280–1270m. rial. The other three species have been known
from the eastern and western Pacific and even
from Indian Ocean or Atlantic Ocean (Baba,
Munidopsis verrilliBenedict, 1902
2005; Macpherson, 2007). Thus the apparent dif-
(Fig. 6C, D)
ferences between the faunas of Japan and Taiwan
Munidopsis verrilli Benedict, 1902: 291, fig. 34; Baba, may simply reflect the differences of sampling
2005: 194, 298 (references).
effort or technical difficulties in collecting partic-
Material examined. Okinawa Trough: R/V ular species.
Tansei-Maru, KT02-03, st. E-1 (26°11.34(cid:1)–26° Besides these galatheids, only seven decapod