Deep Brain Stimulation for Neurological Disorders: Theoretical Background and Clinical Application

212 Pages·2015·10.011 MB·English

by  Toru Itakura (eds.)

Toru Itakura
Editor
Deep Brain Stimulation
for Neurological Disorders
Theoretical Background
and Clinical Application
123
Deep Brain Stimulation for Neurological
Disorders

Toru Itakura
Editor
Deep Brain Stimulation
for Neurological
Disorders
Theoretical Background
and Clinical Application
Editor
Toru Itakura, MD, PhD
Department of Neurological Surgery
Koyo Hospital, Wakayama
Japan
ISBN 978-3-319-08475-6 ISBN 978-3-319-08476-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08476-3
Springer Cham Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014949146
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Pref ace
Chronic electrical stimulation of the brain has become standard surgical ther-
apy for Parkinson’s disease and other neurological disorders. Numerous sci-
entifi c papers have demonstrated that patients with Parkinson’s disease who
receive deep brain stimulation show excellent outcomes without serious com-
plications. Recently, this surgical intervention has been applied to many other
neurological diseases such as involuntary movements, intractable pain and
psychiatric disorders, including depression and obsessive-compulsive
disorder.
The number of neurosurgeons embarking on this new surgery has recently
increased owing to the outstanding development of surgical techniques in the
electrical stimulation of the brain. For young neurosurgeons, an introductory
textbook is essential for good progress in skills and for safe and accurate
surgery in this area. The aim of this book, therefore, is to show the complete
range of knowledge requisite to the scientifi c background of the diseases as
well as to explain the detailed surgical techniques necessary. The target audi-
ence for this endeavor is young neurosurgeons, neurologists, psychiatrists
and other medical staff interested in this operation.
I n editing this volume, I have listed outstanding scientists and interna-
tional experts in the fi eld. The book is divided into two main parts: the basic
background of brain stimulation, and clinical studies on deep brain stimula-
tion. The fi rst part will discuss the anatomical and functional scientifi c back-
ground concerning the basal ganglia, thalamus and other related brain
structures of movement disorders, pain, epilepsy and psychiatric diseases.
The second part describes clinical studies of brain stimulation on symptoms,
and surgical techniques in movement disorders and psychiatric diseases.
It is a great honor to publish this updated book on electrical brain stimula-
tion. It is sincerely hoped that it will contribute to the development of this
type of surgery for various neurological disorders. I also hope that the book
will contribute to the rescue of the lives of sufferers and to the development
in the quality of life of patients with various neurological disorders.
Wakayama, Japan Toru Itakura , MD, PhD
v

Contents
1 Functional Circuitry of the Basal Ganglia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Atsushi Nambu
2 Mechanism of DBS: Inhibition, Excitation,
or Disruption? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Atsushi Nambu and Satomi Chiken
3 Symptoms and Signs of Parkinson’s Disease
and Other Movement Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Hidefumi Ito
4 Intraoperative Microelectrode Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Kazutaka Kobayashi and Yoichi Katayama
5 Instrument of Brain Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Takamitsu Yamamoto, Chikashi Fukaya, Atsuo Yoshino,
and Yoichi Katayama
6 Surgical Technique of Brain Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Hiroki Nishibayashi and Toru Itakura
7 Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus
for Parkinson’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Takashi Agari and Isao Date
8 Stimulation of Globus Pallidus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Mitsuhiro Ogura
9 Thalamic Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease:
Clinical Studies on DBS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Yasushi Miyagi
10 Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Takaomi Taira
11 Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor. . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Ryoma Morigaki and Satoshi Goto
12 Spinal Cord Stimulation for Intractable Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Gustavo Polo, Patrick Mertens, and Marc Sindou
13 Deep Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders. . . . . . . . . 169
Nir Lipsman and Andres M. Lozano
vii
viii Contents
14 Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy: Evidence
for Limbic Network Disruption via Chronic Anterior
Nucleus of the Thalamus and Hippocampus
Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Paul Koch and Gordon Baltuch
15 Complications of Deep Brain Stimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Kenji Sugiyama
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Contributors
Takashi Agari , MD, PhD Department of Neurological Surgery ,
Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and
Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
Gordon Baltuch , MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery ,
University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
Satomi Chiken , PhD Division of System Neurophysiology ,
National Institute for Physiological Sciences , Okazaki , Japan
Isao Date , MD, PhD Department of Neurological Surgery ,
Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
Chikashi Fukaya , MD, PhD Division of Applied System Neuroscience,
Department of Neurological Surgery , Nihon University School of Medicine ,
Tokyo , Japan
Satoshi Goto , MD, PhD Department of Motor Neuroscience and
Neurotherapeutics , Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School
of Medical Science, University of Tokushima , Tokushima City ,
Tokushima Prefecture , Japan
Toru Itakura , MD, PhD Department of Neurological Surgery ,
Koyo Hospital , Wakayama , Japan
Hidefumi Ito , MD, PhD Department of Neurology , Wakayama Medical
University , Wakayama , Japan
Yoichi Katayama , MD, PhD Division of Neurosurgery, Department
of Neurological Surgery , Nihon University School of Medicine ,
Tokyo , Japan
Kazutaka Kobayashi , MD, PhD Division of Neurosurgery, Department
of Neurological Surgery , Nihon University School of Medicine ,
Tokyo , Japan
Paul Koch , MD Department of Neurosurgery , University of Pennsylvania ,
Philadelphia , PA , USA
Nir Lipsman , MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery , Toronto Western
Hospital , Toronto , ON , Canada
ix