December - Modern Steel Construction - AISC

58 Pages·2010·10.11 MB·English

•
r
We are thankful for our
presence under your tree.
Dunng the year the products
and services af BOURAS
INDUSTRIES have been
present under many of your
'10pping out' trees. We
appreciate the business and
we also appreciate the
relationships that we have
developed with our
customers and with the
designers who specify our
products. During the next
year we hope we can
continue to be your supplier
of bar jOists and joist girders -
from NEW COLUMBIA JOIST
COMPANY - and of deck and
siding · from UNITED STEEL
DECK. INC. And, of course,
provide the on time delivery
with ABA TRUCKING which is
so Important to your jobs.
Please call on us whenever
you need technical advice,
pricing information, or
product availability
happy holidays,
,
<;:>
,,.~,
J
,,)
Grades 50 and 65.
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MODERN STEEL
CONSTRUCTION
Volume 35, Number 12 December 1995
FEATURES
20 ADAPTIVE REUSE ADDS TECHNICAL CENTER
Rather than construct a new building, a Maine
paper mill opted to renovate part of an existing
mill
26 GIANT CONSOLIDATION
UPS's new 1.9 million sq. ft-facility near Chicago
is the company's major sortation facility for east
west traffic
31 EXPANDED DELIVERY
Steel helped deliver a new 530,OOO-sq.-ft. air hub
for UPS in only 263 days
35 QUALITY CERTIFICATION
A listing of AlSC Quality Certified Fabricators by •
type of certification and location
UPS's new 1.9 million-sq.-ft. sor
tation facility is just one of two 46 INORGANIC ZINC·RICH COATINGS
recent industrial facilities con Vs. GALVANIZING
structed for this company. The story Clearing up misconceptions about when and how
behind both of these massive build
to specify each type of corrosion protection
ings begins on page 26.
D EPARTMENTS
Modern teel Construction (Volume 35, 6 EDITORIAL 8 STEEL QUIZ
Number 121. ISSN 0026-8445. Publishod
monthly by the American l05titute of Steel
Comtructlon, Inc., (AlSO, One £.lSt Wacker 9 STEEL INTERCHANGE 14 STEEL NEWS
Dr., Suite OJ 100, Chicago, IL 60601-2001. • Special require • Update: Wide Flallge
ments for high-strength Shippillg Times Improve
Advertising office: F.leinelli Media Sales,
O'Hare Uk(-Office PlilZ.1, 2400 E. Devon bolts in a high tempera • National Steel
Ave., Des Plaines, IL 60618 [phone]. ture area Construction COllference
• Designillg welds to To Expalld In 1996
Subs( riplion price:
Within the U.S.-single issues 53; connect plates • Free Seismic Retrofit
J years $85. • Lateral unbraced Information
Outside the U.S.-single issues S5;
lengths for bottom flange
l ye" S36; 3 years S HJO.
of continuous trolley 51 COATING PRODUCTS
Ple.l~ f.u, any Jeidress changes to J 12/670- beams
540J or to the address below.
• Determining the 53 STEEL MARKETPI..ACE
Postmaster: Pleo15C scndaddress changes to effective allowable mem-
Modem Ste<" ConstructIon, One East
Wac~er Dr., Swte 3 I 00, Chicago, IL 6060'- ber width for point loads 54 ADVERTISING INDEX •
200 I. on the standing leg of an
angle
Se<:ond dass postage p<lid at Chicago, IL and
• Wall section use
at ,1(lditionaJ maifing offices.
41 Mod<!rn Sle<'1 Construction 1 December 1995
•
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ED ITO R I A L •
Observations
Editorial Staff RECENT ISSUE OF THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE TALKED ABOUT THE CLOS
~
Scott Melnick, ING OF ONE OF BETHLEHEM STEEL'S structural mills and con
Editor and Publisher ained an interesting retrospective on that company's history.
Patrick M. Newman, P.E. It talked about different factors that hurt Bethlehem, such as the
Technical Director downturn in structural activity in the early 1990s. And it concluded
Charlie Carter, with the observation that the biggest problem Bethlehem faced was
Senior Technical Advisor the growth of the mini-mills. Coincidentally, I had returned from a
Jacques Cattan, visit to the largest of these mini-mills-Nucor-Yamato's Blytheville,
Technical Advisor
AR, plant-only a few days earlier. A few observations from that trip:
• "Mini" is definitely a misnomer. The company's two rolling mills
Editorial Offices
occupy two gigantic steel buildings and produce some 1.8 million
Modern Steel Construction
tons of structural shapes annually. And "mini" doesn't refer to the
One East Wacker Dr.,
size of the shapes either; Nucor-Yamato rolls wide flange up to 40-
Suite 3100
in. deep.
Chicago, IL 60601-2001
[phone] • The company is extremely efficient. Although the mills churn out
Fax [phone] milHon tons of structural shapes each year, they appear almost
devoid of people. Only slightly more than 600 people work in
Advertising Sales Nucor-Yamato's two Blytheville rolling mills-a prime reason that
John Byrne the company is one of the lowest cost producers of steel.
Facinelli Media Sales
• Steel is the most recycled material. The mill buildings were sur- •
2400 E. Devon Ave.,
rounded by mounds of scrap, all divided into piles of differing
Suite 267
grades. Nucor-Yamato and all the other mjni-mills are almost com
Des Plaines, IL 60018
[phone] pletely dependent on scrap for the production of new structural
Fax [phone] shapes.
• Steel making has become a progressive industry. NYS1 carne on
AISC Officers line in 1988 and NYS2 came on-line in 1993. Both utilize steel
Robert E. Owen, from electric arc and ladle metallurgy furnaces. While both are
Chairman
extremely efficient, the difference in automation between the two
H. Louis Gurthet,
is dranlatic-and the new technology is helping to make steel pro
First Vice Chairman
duction more efficient and less expensive. Both rolling mills are
Robert G. Abramson,
continuous beam blank casting mills, another way the company
Second Vice Chairman
increases production while holding the line on costs. One other
Robert D. Freeland,
Treasurer example of cutting edge technology: While most company's are
Neil W. Zundel, only beginrung to experiment with Windows 95, Nucor-Yamato has
President already switched to it as a de facto operating system.
David Ratterman,
• Finally, cotton is a remarkable plant. The 75-mile drive from
Secretary &
Memphis to Blytheville takes you through cotton country, whjch
General Counsel
consists primarily of stick-like plants covered with white, fluffy
Morris Caminer,
balls.
Vice President,
Finance/Administration If Nucor-Yamato is an example of the future of steel making, then
the industry should prosper. The mill is makjng a tremendous effort
to hold down costs while increasing avaHability-a tremendous boon
to fabricators and engineers alike. 8M •
61 Modern Steel Construction I December 1995
"
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ordering infomlation on every piece of steel in the job-right down to the nuts,
bolts and washers. SDSI2 is the only comprehensive software system for every
phase in tlle steel industry. With SDSI2, each phase of a project creates and stores
infonnation that is integrated and utilized in the next project phase, eliminating
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approval and erection planning can all be easily done using SDSI2. Whether
you are an owner, engineer, fabricator or detailer, you will be able to see the
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Don't leave anything to the imagination on your next project. Call today for
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DATA
"First in ... software, solutions, service"
402-476-8278 or 1-800-443-0782
Please circle # 32 e-mail: [email protected]
r
STEEL QUIZ
•
STEEL QUIZ, A NEW MONTHLY 1. The increase in bolt tension c) vertical reinforcement on
FEATURE IN MODERN STEEL due to deformation of the con both sides of the hole only
CONSTRUCTION, allows you nected part is known as what? 3. When n bolt is indicated as
to test your knowledge of steel
2. When a beam web penetration ASTM A325T, what does the T
design and construction. Unless
requires reinforcement, the most indicate?
otherwise noted, all answers can
efficient location for that rein a) that the bolt is threaded
be found in the LRFD Manual of forcement is: for the full length of the
Steel Constructioll. To receive a a} around the entire periph shank
free catalog of AISC publica ery of the opening b) that the bolt is suitable for
tions, circle # 10 on the reader bl horizontal reinforcement high temp. applications
service card in the back of this above and below the hole c) that the bolt has weather
magazine. only ing characteristics similar
to that of ASTM A588
(weathering) steel
d) that the bolt is a tension
control or twist-ofT bolt
Need Structural Design, 4. The purpose of a weld access
hole is to:
a) allow the welder to start
Analysis and Drafting? and stop the weld beyond
the plane of the beam web
b) minimize restraint to allow
for shrinkage in the welded
Multi-Steel, the only complete structural software package
joint
for AutoCAD, lIows bidirectional associativity between your c) eliminate intersection of
welds in orthogonal direc
2D frame drawings and 3D structural models.
tions
And, Muhi-Steel also ofTers: d) all of the above
• Steel editing including E:tj;~~~-::
5. Which of the following materi- •
notching and cutbacks al specifications would not be
• Parametric connection appropriate for a hooked anchor
detailer rod?
a)ASTM A572
• Material take-off
b)ASTMA449
• Welding detail,
c)ASTM A325
• Stairs, handrails, d)ASTMA687
platforms and ladders
6. A transversely loaded fillet
• Tw~way link to weld is 50 percent stronger in
Rebi,' OPTIMIZER shear than the same fillet weld
structural frame loaded longitudinally, True or
analysis software False?
7. Generally speaking, wide
flange (W) shapes differ from
Multi-Steel runs on American standard (S) shapes in
AutoCAD Release 12 & 13 what way?
for DOS and Windows.
8. Paint is not permitted on the
faying surfaces of slip-critical
connections, True or False?
9. Through-plates are required
for single-plate shear connec
Call1-800-4REBISl today tions to tubular columns, True or
for a FREE demo diskl False?
10. A structural member that
resists both axial compression
[11rebis~ Rebls and strong-axis bending is.
t 600 Rivien Avenue. Suite 300 known as what?
Walnut Creek. CA 94596
INDUSTRIAL WORKGROUP SOFTWARE Tel (SIO) 933 2525. Fax (SIO) 9331920 Answers on PAGE 13
Please circle # 26
81 Modern Sleel COlUllruction I December 1995
• 5
TEE L NTERC H A N G E
Steel Interchange 18 an open forum for Modern Steel Answers andlor questions should be typewritten and double
Construction readers to exchange useful and practical profes spaced. Submit.tals that have been prepared by word-proceSSing
sional ideas Rnd information on all phases of steel building and arc appreciated on computer diskette (either 88 n Wordperfect
bridge construction. Opinions and suggestions are welcome on file or Ul ASCLl format).
any subject covered In this magazme. If you have a question or The opinions expressed in Steel Interchange do not necessar
problem that your fellow readers might help you to solve, please ily represcnt an official position of the American Institute of
forward it to Modern Steel COflstruction. At the same time, feel Steel Construction, Inc. Rnd have not been reviewed. It. is recog
free to respond to any of the questions that you have read here. nized that the design of structures is within the scope and
Please send them to: expertise of a competent licensed structural enginNf, architect
Steel Interchange or other licensed professional for the application of principals to
Modern Steel Construction a particular structure.
One East Wacker Dr., Suite 3100 Informalion on ordering AISC publications Ill(>ntioned in
Chicago, IL 60601·2001 this article enn be obtained by calling AlSC at 8001644·2400.
The following responses from previous Steel b- 60001 _ 1901
- J -"Jr;
Interchange columns have been received: F, X 1000
which is the same as given in AISC Allowable
Given a wall of sheet metal or plate sub
Stress Design Table B5.1.
jected to fluid pressure and stiffened by same
The above formula is widely utilized for the
size parallel members spaced regularly, what
design of duct stiffeners. However, a 4 in. limit for
section (or width) of the wall shall be used
be is conservatively used by design engineers to
that contributes to the section of a stiffener?
compensate and account for the two way bending
The stiffening member may be a flat bar, an
• in the plate.
angle, a channel (see figure) or any other sec
For negative pressure in the duct or wind load
tion.
acting on the duct
surface, stiffener's
The effective width of the plate to be used in
outstanding leg will
computing design properties (i.e. moment of
become the compres
inertia and section modulus, etc.) Of the section
sion flange. This will
may be determined based on the limiting width
require that either the
thickness ratio for compression elements formula:
allowable stress be
b J9r5, ' 71901,, reduced in accordance
T = as b.= 2band I = I" b.=
with AlSC provisions
where I, = thicknessof the plate. or additional lateral
support be provided at
For the channel used as a stiffener, b. = I I + ~" required spacing not exceeding the calculated L,
= for the effective section. The suggested lateral sup
where II flange width ofthe channel section.
port detail is shown.
L.Sundar
It may be noted that be is independent of the
Raytheon Engineers and Constructors
value of the thickness of the stiffener.
Tampa, FL
Another independent reference source, USS
Steel Design Manual, 1974, page 86 (Authors: R.L.
Is there a more efficient and cost-effective
Brockenbrough and E.G. Johnston), uses the fol
way to connect a masonry shear wall to struc
lowing formula for a similar situation:
tural steel framing? The most common prob
_
b-6O7Oor lem with the following detail is that once the
masonry is built up to the bottom flange of
where b =b . =e ffective wIdth of the plate. the beam, there is not enough room to install
the grout and continuous reinforcing bars in
I = plate thicknes~ in.
the bond beam at the top of the wall. If the
• F, = Yield strength of the plate steel, psi bond beam is dropped a course in elevation,
the masonry to steel beam connecting angle
It may be noted that this formula is derived
vertical leg or bent plate vertical leg becomes
from the same AISC requirements for bIt. When
excessively long.
the unit for F is changed from psi to ksi, it is
noticed that th~ formula becomes:
Modern Steel Construction I Decemlx-'r 199519
S •
TEE L NTERCHANGE
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, ! KIf BCL T POSJlJD-I 10 "ATC~ OftOPPCD CORSe J. .. TH[ aCtlD lCAH CLeVA nON)
.. !
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1["
The above detail might be somehow more em- New Questions
cient and cost-effective.
Hu, Fang
Butler Manufacturing Company
Listed below are questions that we would like the readers to answer
Shanghai P.R.C.
or discuss.
If you have nn answer or suggestion please send it to the Steel •
Are there special requirements for the Interchnnge Editor, Modern Steel Construction, One East Wacker Dr ..
design of high-strength A325 or A490 bolts Suite 3100, Chic8b"O, IL 60601-2001. If you have a question or problem
that readers might help 8Olve, send these to the Steel Interchange Editor.
that are going to be used in a high tempera
ture service?
Slory ShfOf, VI/
The term "high temperature" requires more defi
nition in order to answer this question. The
A325 and A490 bolts are not intended for high
temperature service., however, the A193 specifica
tion is specifically for high-temperature servIce.
The allowable stresses will vary with temperature
no matter what type of bolting material is selected.
The Manufacturers Standardization Society
publishes SP-58 which serves as a guide for high -'-1f-v.
temperature pipe hanger design. Table Al lists
various bolting materials and allowable stresses at
various temperatures.
Uncoated bolts designated as A325 or A490 can
In checking panel zone web shear in a col
be used to their full capacity if the service tempera
umn member why is M, d.efined as the sum of
ture is within the range of -29 degrees C to 325
the lateral load and graVIty load moments on
degrees C. Galvanized bolts should be limited to
the leeward side of the connection, and M~
120 degrees C to avoid problems WIth corrosIOn
defined as the difference between the lateral
inhibiting properties. Corrosion inhibiting proper
load and gravity load moments on the wind
ties of alloy materials also vary with temperature
ward side of the connection? It seems to us
and corrosive concentration, and should be investi
that the difference of moments apply on the
gated. •
leeward side and that the sum of the
Harold O. Sprague
moments should apply on the windward side.
Black & Veatch
Stuart Snyder, P.E.
Kansas City, MO
Snyder Associates
West Chatham, MA
10/ Modern Steel Construction I December 1995