Debating Divorce in Italy: Marriage and the Making of Modern Italians, 1860–1974 PDF
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Italian and Italian American Studies Stanislao G.Pugliese Hofstra University Series Editor This publishing initiative seeks to bring the latest scholarship in Italian and Italian American history,literature,cinema,and cultural studies to a large audience of specialists,general readers,and students.I&IAS will feature works on modern Italy (Renaissance to the present) and Italian American culture and society by established scholars as well as new voices in the academy.This endeavor will help to shape the evolving fields ofItalian and Italian American Studies by reemphasizing the connection between the two.The following editorial board of esteemed senior scholars are advisors to the series editor. REBECCA WEST JOHN A.DAVIS University ofChicago University ofConnecticut FRED GARDAPHÉ PHILIP V.CANNISTRARO† Stony Brook University Queens College and the Graduate School,CUNY JOSEPHINE GATTUSO HENDIN VICTORIA DeGRAZIA New York University Columbia University Queer Italia: Same-Sex Desire in Italian Literature and Film edited by Gary P.Cestaro July 2004 Frank Sinatra: History,Identity,and Italian American Culture edited by Stanislao G.Pugliese October 2004 The Legacy ofPrimo Levi edited by Stanislao G.Pugliese December 2004 Italian Colonialism edited by Ruth Ben-Ghiat and Mia Fuller July 2005 Mussolini's Rome: Rebuilding the Eternal City Borden W.Painter Jr. July 2005 Representing Sacco and Vanzetti edited by Jerome H.Delamater and Mary Anne Trasciatti September 2005 Carlo Tresca: Portrait ofa Rebel Nunzio Pernicone October 2005 Italy in the Age ofPinocchio: Children and Danger in the Liberal Era Carl Ipsen April 2006 The Empire ofStereotypes: Germaine de Staël and the Idea ofItaly Robert Casillo May 2006 Race and the Nation in Liberal Italy,1861–1911: Meridionalism,Empire,and Diaspora Aliza S.Wong October 2006 Women in Italy,1945–1960: An Interdisciplinary Study edited by Penelope Morris October 2006 A New Guide to Italian Cinema Carlo Celli and Marga Cottino-Jones November 2006 Debating Divorce in Italy: Marriage and the Making ofModern Italians,1860–1974 Mark Seymour December 2006 Debating Divorce in Italy Marriage and the Making of Modern Italians, 1860–1974 Mark Seymour DEBATINGDIVORCEINITALY © Mark Seymour,2006 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-7271-2 All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 and Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire,England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53392-3 ISBN 978-0-230-60174-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230601741 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India. First edition:December 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For John and Sylvia Seymour This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction:Patria,Famiglia,Libertà! 1 1 Making Italians:Marriage and the Family in United Italy,1860–1878 11 2 Unmaking Marriage? The First Proposals for a Divorce Law,1878–1880 35 3 Divorce Italian Style? Marriage Breakdown,1860–1880 59 4 Real Italy versus Legal Italy:Catholic Mobilization, Conservative Traditions,and Divorce,1881–1900 85 5 Divorce between Liberalism and Socialism,1900–1902 113 6 From the Failure ofReform to the Lateran Pacts,1902–1929 135 7 Remaking Italians? From Fascism to the Republic,1929–1964 163 8 Loris Fortuna and the Divorzisti,1964–1970 189 9 Let the People Decide,1970–1974 213 Conclusion:Divorcing Tradition 223 Notes 231 Bibliography 267 Index 283 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments Along time ago now,at the University ofSydney,Robert Aldrich introduced me to the pleasures ofhistory.During the same period,several wonderful lecturers in that university’s Department of Italian, including Nerida Newbigin and Paola Marmini,introduced me to the pleasures ofItaly.The eventual marriage of those two pleasures led,circuitously,to this book. I would like to express my enduring gratitude to those inspiring early teach- ers, and also to Peter Briggs, who encouraged me to begin to study, and showed me how it was done. Since then,many people and institutions have helped me with the work that lies behind these pages.At the University of Connecticut,it was my great privilege to work with John A.Davis,who supervised my doctoral research with exemplary knowledge,rigor,and care.I would like to record my thanks to the other members of my supervisory committee, Peter Bergman, Ronald Coons, and particularly Mary Gibson (of the City University of New York),who generously agreed to be an outside reader, and has been very supportive ever since.Special thanks also to Bill Hoglund, Martha McCormick,and Thomas Deshaies,who all smoothed my path in innumerable ways.I am grateful to the Emiliana Pasca Noether Chair,the James M. Bozzuto Foundation, and the Department of History at the University ofConnecticut for their generous financial support,as well as to the Society for Italian Historical Studies,which awarded me a prize at a time when I was particularly in need ofencouragement. My debts in Italy are extensive. I would like to thank Borden Painter, Livio Pestilli,and my colleagues at Trinity College’s Rome Campus for pro- viding a uniquely congenial setting for my early research.Many librarians and archivists in Rome,Florence,Naples,and Venice helped me in ways that epitomized Italian warmth and generosity,often under trying conditions. I would like to acknowledge the particular efforts of Pina Nuzzo,Marisa Ombra, and Claudia Mattia of the Unione Donne in Italia (Rome), and Giovanna Olivieri ofthe Casa Internazionale delle Donne (Rome).Special thanks to Virginia Jewiss,Nino Gualdoni,and Ivana Rinaldi,for accommo- dation in Rome;to Angiolo Bandinelli,former Radical Party deputy,and
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