Death in the Early Twenty-first Century: Authority, Innovation, and Mortuary Rites PDF
Preview Death in the Early Twenty-first Century: Authority, Innovation, and Mortuary Rites
fi Death in the Early Twenty- rst Century SébastienPenmellenBoret(cid:129)SusanOrpettLong(cid:129)SergeiKan Editors Death in the Early fi Twenty- rst Century Authority, Innovation, and Mortuary Rites Editors SébastienPenmellenBoret SusanOrpettLong IRIDeSBureau JohnCarrollUniversity TohokuUniversity UniversityHeights,Ohio,USA Aoba,Sendai,Miyagi,Japan SergeiKan DepartmentofAnthropology DartmouthCollege Hanover,NewHampshire,USA ISBN978-3-319-52364-4 ISBN978-3-319-52365-1(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-52365-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017940491 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s)2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsof translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesare exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformation in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespectto thematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.The publisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitu- tionalaffiliations. Coverimage©JohnerImages/GettyImages CoverdesignbySamanthaJohnson Printedonacid-freepaper ThisPalgraveMacmillanimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland A CKNOWLEDGMENTS The chapters included in this volume were originally presented during a doublesessionon“TheAnthropologyofDeath:SocialChange,Religion andSyncretism,” which wasorganizedforthe AmericanAnthropological Association annual meeting in Chicago in November 2013. The only exception is the contribution of Long and Buehring that was added to completethestructureofthebookanditsrationale.Wewouldliketotake this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to Michael Jindra from the University of Notre Dame, with whom Sébastien had the great privi- legeandpleasuretoorganizethissession.Also,wewouldliketothankthe presenterswhosepapers,forvariousreasons,didnotendupbeinginclud- ing in this volume: Kalyani D. Menon, Rebecca Marsland, Satsuki Kawano,HannahRumble,andHikaruSuzuki.Theirparticipationsignifi- cantlycontributedtothesuccessandsomeoftheideasfoundinthisbook. Finally, we would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) that at the time of the conference, was sponsoring Sébastien’s postdoctoral fellowship (2012–2014) at Tohoku University. We are also very grateful for financial assistance from John Carroll University forthe finalstage ofmanuscript preparation. If the outcome belongs to each and every author of this book, Susan, Sergei, and I remain indebted to all the people involved in bringing this projecttocompletion.Wehopethatthisvolumeconstitutesamodestbut hopefullynoteworthy milestonein the anthropologyof death. v C ONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 Sébastien PenmellenBoret, SusanOrpett Long andSergei Kan PartI Culture, Religion,and the Usesof Tradition 2 FearandPrayers: Negotiating withthe Dead in Apiao, Chiloé(Chile) 31 GiovannaBacchiddu 3 Quellingthe “Unquiet Dead”: PopularDevotions inthe Borderlands of theUSSR 63 Catherine Wanner 4 LifeAfterDeath/Life BeforeDeath andTheir Linkages: TheUnited States, Japan, andChina 85 Gordon MathewsandMiu YingKwong PartII Personhood,Memory,andTechnology 5 Reincarnation,Christianity and Controversial Coffins inNorthwesternBenin 115 SharonMerz vii viii CONTENTS 6 Forthe Solace of the Youngand theAuthority ofthe Old Death:Photography in Acholi, Northern Uganda 151 Sophie H.Seebach 7 MediatingMortality:Transtemporal Illness Blogs andDigitalCare Work 179 Tamara Kneese PartIII Individual, Choice,andIdentity 8 Agency andthe Personalizationof the GraveinJapan 217 Sébastien PenmellenBoret 9 Rememberingthe Dead:Agency, Authority, andMortuaryPractices in InterreligiousFamilies inthe United States 255 Susan Orpett LongandSonja SalomeBuehring Index 291 L F IST OF IGURES Fig.2.1 ThefiscalAbelardoNeunandElianaGuenchuman,table guest,withtheirritualgiftofbreadandmeatonthelastnight ofnovena 43 Fig.2.2 EricaVelasquezandhernieceTamaraCalbuante,lighting candlesonanoldfamilytomb,afterhavingplacedafreshly madeflowercrown 51 Fig.2.3 RosendoMillalonco,prayerspecialist,prayingatafamily tombonSoulsDay 53 Fig.3.1 PoliticalmapofUkraineWikimediacommons 65 Fig.3.2 Twoexamplesofarushnyk 76 Fig.5.1 MapoftheRepublicofBeninandsurroundingcountries 117 Fig.5.2 Bodyinburialchamberinfoetalposition 119 Fig.5.3 Piercingaholeintheearthenwarepot 131 Fig.6.1 Lanyero’spictureofherdeadhusband 152 Fig.6.2 WomenarepreparingVentorina’sbodyforthefuneral 164 Fig.6.3 ApicturefromMary’sphotoalbum.Notethecrossonthe foreheadsofthemanstandingtotheright,andofthechild 172 Fig.8.1 Outerviewofthetreeburialcemetery:Itsmountainand surroundingpaddyfieldsandvegetablegardens 222 Fig.8.2 Innerviewofthetreeburialcemetery:Agravecomposed ofatree,awoodentabletontheleft,andthenetworkof footpaths 223 Fig.9.1 AgravemarkerofaChristianhusbandandaJewishwife, UnitedStates 276 Fig.9.2 AtombstoneofaJewishhusbandandChristianwife,illus- tratingthetrendtowardthepersonalizationofmortuary practices,UnitedStates 277 ix L T IST OF ABLES Table5.1 Coffins:good,badorindifferent? 127 xi CHAPTER1 Introduction Sébastien Penmellen Boret, Susan Orpett Long and Sergei Kan Since its beginnings, the discipline of anthropology has encompassed the study of death, describing the centrality of its rituals in our lives, the richness of its material culture, and its multilayered functions and meanings in societies past and present. Looking at mortuary rites, anthropologists examine the ways a community deals with the depar- ture of the deceased and the disposal of his or her remains, material and immaterial. To the Western reader this would usually imply a funeral, followed by burial or cremation. Yet anthropological research has shown tremendous variety in practices across the S.P.Boret(*) IRIDeSBureau,TohokuUniversity,Aoba,Sendai,Miyagi,Japan S.O.Long JohnCarrollUniversity,UniversityHeights,Ohio,USA S.Kan DepartmentofAnthropology,DartmouthCollege,Hanover, NewHampshire,USA ©TheAuthor(s)2017 1 S.P.Boretetal.(eds.),DeathintheEarlyTwenty-firstCentury, DOI10.1007/978-3-319-52365-1_1
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