Dealing with disaffection : young people, mentoring, and social inclusion PDF
Preview Dealing with disaffection : young people, mentoring, and social inclusion
Dealing with Disaffection Young people, mentoring social inclusion and Tim Newburn and WILLAN Michael Shiner PUBLISHING Dealing with Disaffection Dealing with Disaffection Young people, mentoring and social inclusion Tim Newburn and Michael Shiner with Tara Young WILLAN PUBLISHING Published by Willan Publishing Culmcott House Mill Street, Uffculmc Cullompton, Devon EX15 3AT, UK Tel: +44(0)1884 840337 Fax: +44(0)1884 840251 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.willanpublishing.co.uk Published simultaneously in the USA and Canada by Willan Publishing c/o ISBS, 920 NE 58th Ave, Suite 300, Portland, Oregon 97213-3786, USA Tel: +001(0)503 287 3093 Fax: +001(0)503 280 8832 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.isbs.com © Tim Newburn and Michael Shiner 2005 The rights of Tim Newburn and Michael Shiner to be identified as the authors of this book have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988. All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting copying in the UK issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P9HE. ISBN 1-84392-065-4 Paperback British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Project managed by Deer Park Productions, Tavistock, Devon Typeset by GCS, Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, LU7 1AR Printed and bound by T.J. International Ltd, Trecerus Industrial Estate, Padstow, Cornwall Contents Acknowledgements ix List of figures and tables xiii 1 Introduction 1 2 Youth disaffection 4 Introduction 4 The meaning of disaffection 6 Educational under-achievement 7 Disruptive behaviour in schools 10 Truancy 11 Exclusion from school 14 'Not in education, employment or training' 17 Conclusion 22 3 Youth transitions and the meaning of disaffection 23 Youthful drug use 24 Youth crime 25 Changing transitions and disaffection 28 Experiencing disaffection 36 Conclusion 43 4 Young people and mentoring 45 What is mentoring? 45 Mentoring in practice 47 Mentoring and New Labour 49 Dealing with Disaffection Evidence of promise? Mentoring and research evidence 51 Evaluating Mentoring Plus 56 Conclusion 65 5 Mentoring Plus 69 Introduction 69 Mentoring Plus 69 The mentors 74 The young people 81 Conclusion 86 6 Mentoring Plus and youthful exclusion 88 Introduction 88 Social exclusion? 89 Family background 90 Engagement in education, training and work 92 Future orientations and attitudes to education and work 94 Offending behaviour 95 Contact with the criminal justice system 101 Drinking, smoking and drug use 102 Psychological characteristics 105 The web of exclusion 107 Conclusion 109 7 Mentoring in practice 117 Programme integrity 117 Engaging with young people 120 The mentoring relationship 123 The Plus element 133 Conclusion 137 8 Impact of the programme 140 Assessing the impact of the programme 141 Perceived helpfulness of the programme 142 Changing circumstances? 145 Conclusion 164 9 Understanding change 170 The social deficit model 172 Role models? 173 Stages of change 177 Conclusion 188 vi Contents 10 Conclusion: youth disaffection, mentoring and social inclusion 193 The rise of mentoring 194 Does mentoring work? 194 The need for a more fully theorized approach 195 Identifying impact 198 Conclusion 199 Appendix I 201 Appendix 11 204 References 207 Index 219 vii List of figures and tables Figures 3.1 Young people's attainment of GCSEs (or GNVQ equivalents) by level of truancy from school (2000) 34 4.1 Response to the surveys 62 5.1 Organizational structure of Mentoring Plus 70 5.2 Programme structure 73 5.3 Mentors' motivations for volunteering 80 5.4 Route into Mentoring Plus (per cent of the cohort) 83 5.5 Reasons for joining Mentoring Plus (per cent of the cohort) 85 6.1 Family/household structure (per cent of the cohort) 91 6.2 Future expectations - this time next year (per cent of the cohort) 94 6.3 Offending in the Mentoring Plus cohort (per cent of the cohort) 98 6.4 Contact with the criminal justice system (per cent of the cohort) 102 6.5 Drinking and smoking in the Mentoring Plus cohort (per cent of the cohort) 104 7.1 Levels of engagement with Mentoring Plus (per cent of the cohort) 121 7.2 A model of the mentoring relationship 128
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