"There is no comparable treatment o^^" ^ese literature in any language." —The New York Times Dqn aidKeene TDTHE Japanese Literature in the Modern Era POETRY, DRAMA, CRITICISM 3- DAWN TO THE WEST PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS BOOKS The Battles ofCoxinga The Japanese Discovery ofEurope Japanese Literature: An Introductionfor the Western Reader Sources ofJapanese Tradition (co-author) Living Japan Bunraku: The Art ofthe Japanese Puppet Theatre No: The Classical Theatre ofJapan Landscapes and Portraits World Within Walls: Japanese Literature ofthe Pre-Modern Era, 1600-1867 Some Japanese Portraits TRANSLATIONS The Setting Sun (by Osamu Dazai) No Longer Human (by Osamu Dazai) Five Modern No Plays (by Yukio Mishima) Major Plays ofChikamatsu The Old Woman, the Wife, and the Archer (by Shichiro Fukasawa, Chiyo Uno, and Jun Ishikawa) After the Banquet (by Yukio Mishima) Essays in Idleness (by Yoshida Kenko) Chushingura (by Takeda Izumo, Miyoshi Shoraku, and Namiki Sosuke) Madame de Sade (by Yukio Mishima) Friends (by Kobo Abe) Twenty Plays ofthe No Theatre (edited and translated) The Man Who Turned into a Stick (by Kobo Abe) ANTHOLOGIES Anthology ofJapanese Literature Modern Japanese Literature DAWN TO THE WEST Japanese Literature ofthe Modern Era POETRY, DRAMA, CRITICISM DONALD KEENE An Owl Book HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY NEW YORK Copyright © 1984 by Donald Keene All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereofin any form. Published by Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 521 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10175. Published in Canada by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, 195 Allstate Parkway, Markham, Ontario L3R 4T8. Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Keene, Donald. Dawn to the West. "An Owl book." Includes bibliographies and indexes. — Contents: [-1] Fiction [2] Poetry, drama, criticism. — — I. Japanese literature 1868- History and criticism. I. Title. [PL726.55.K39 1987 895.6W004 87-17586 ISBN 0-8050-0607-9 (v. 1: pbk.) Fiction ISBN 0-8050-0608-7 (v. 2: pbk.) Poetry, Drama, Criticism First published in hardcoverby Holt, Rinehart and Winston in 1984. First Owl Book Edition—1987 Designer: Madelaine Cooke Printed in the United States ofAmerica 1098765432 1 Dawn to the West, a two-volume work covering the modern period in Japanese literature, is part ofa larger work, Donald Keene's multi- volume history ofthe whole ofJapanese literature. ISBN D-flDSO-DbDfl-7 To Barbara Ruch