Table Of Content

DATA MODEL PATTERNS TheMorganKaufmannSeriesinDataManagementSystems SeriesEditor:JimGray,MicrosoftResearch DataModelPatterns:AMetadataMap InformationModelingandRelational UnderstandingSQL’sStoredProcedures: DavidHay Databases:FromConceptualAnalysisto ACompleteGuidetoSQL/PSM LogicalDesign JimMelton DataMining:ConceptsandTechniques, TerryHalpin SecondEdition PrinciplesofMultimediaDatabase JiaweiHanandMichelineKamber ComponentDatabaseSystems Systems EditedbyKlausR.Dittrichand V.S.Subrahmanian QueryingXML:XQuery,XPath,and AndreasGeppert SQL/XMLinContext PrinciplesofDatabaseQueryProcessing JimMeltonandSteveBuxton ManagingReferenceDatainEnterprise forAdvancedApplications Databases:BindingCorporateDatatothe ClementT.YuandWeiyiMeng JoeCelko’sSQLforSmarties:Advanced WiderWorld SQLProgramming,ThirdEdition AdvancedDatabaseSystems MalcolmChisholm JoeCelko CarloZaniolo,StefanoCeri, UnderstandingSQLandJavaTogether: ChristosFaloutsos,RichardT.Snodgrass, MovingObjectsDatabases AGuidetoSQLJ,JDBC,andRelated V.S.Subrahmanian,andRobertoZicari RalfGütingandMarkusSchneider Technologies PrinciplesofTransactionProcessing FoundationsofMultidimensionaland JimMeltonandAndrewEisenberg PhilipA.BernsteinandEricNewcomer MetricDataStructures Database:Principles,Programming, HananSamet UsingtheNewDB2:IBMsObject-Relational andPerformance,SecondEdition DatabaseSystem JoeCelko’sSQLProgrammingStyle PatrickandElizabethO’Neil DonChamberlin JoeCelko TheObjectDataStandard: DistributedAlgorithms DataMining,SecondEdition:Concepts ODMG3.0 NancyA.Lynch andTechniques EditedbyR.G.G.Cattelland IanWittenandEibeFrank DouglasK.Barry ActiveDatabaseSystems:Triggersand RulesForAdvancedDatabase FuzzyModelingandGeneticAlgorithms DataontheWeb:FromRelationsto Processing forDataMiningandExploration SemistructuredDataandXML EditedbyJenniferWidomand EarlCox SergeAbiteboul,PeterBuneman, StefanoCeri andDanSuciu DataModelingEssentials,ThirdEdition MigratingLegacySystems:Gateways, GraemeC.SimsionandGrahamC.Witt DataMining:PracticalMachineLearning Interfaces,&theIncrementalApproach ToolsandTechniqueswithJava Location-BasedServices MichaelL.BrodieandMichaelStonebraker Implementations JochenSchillerandAgnèsVoisard IanWittenandEibeFrank AtomicTransactions DatabaseModelingwithMicrosft®Visio JoeCelko’sSQLforSmarties:Advanced NancyLynch,MichaelMerritt, forEnterpriseArchitects SQLProgramming,SecondEdition WilliamWeihl,andAlanFekete TerryHalpin,KenEvans,PatrickHallock, JoeCelko QueryProcessingforAdvancedDatabase BillMaclean Systems JoeCelko’sDataandDatabases:Concepts DesigningData-IntensiveWebApplications inPractice EditedbyJohannChristophFreytag, StephanoCeri,PieroFraternali, JoeCelko DavidMaier,andGottfriedVossen AldoBongio,MarcoBrambilla, TransactionProcessing:Conceptsand SaraComai,andMaristellaMatera DevelopingTime-OrientedDatabase Techniques ApplicationsinSQL MiningtheWeb:DiscoveringKnowledge RichardT.Snodgrass JimGrayandAndreasReuter fromHypertextData BuildinganObject-OrientedDatabase SoumenChakrabarti WRiecbhaFradrmD.inHgafcokratthhoerDnataWarehouse System:TheStoryofO2 AdvancedSQL:1999—Understanding EditedbyFrançoisBancilhon,ClaudeDelobel, Object-RelationalandOtherAdvanced ManagementofHeterogeneous andParisKanellakis FJiematuMreeslton aSEnyddistteAedmubtsoynAomhmouedsDElamtaabgaasremid, ADpaptalibcaasteioTnrsansactionModelsforAdvanced DatabaseTuning:Principles,Experiments, MarekRusinkiewicz,and EditedbyAhmedK.Elmagarmid andTroubleshootingTechniques AmitSheth AGuidetoDevelopingClient/Server DennisShashaandPhilippeBonnet Object-RelationalDBMSs:Trackingthe SQLApplications SQL:1999—UnderstandingRelational NextGreatWave,SecondEdition SetragKhoshafian,ArvolaChan,AnnaWong, LanguageComponents MichaelStonebrakerandPaulBrown, andHarryK.T.Wong JimMeltonandAlanR.Simon withDorothyMoore TheBenchmarkHandbookforDatabase InformationVisualizationinDataMining ACompleteGuidetoDB2Universal andTransactionProcessingSystems, andKnowledgeDiscovery Database SecondEdition EditedbyUsamaFayyad,GeorgesG. DonChamberlin EditedbyJimGray Grinstein,andAndreasWierse UniversalDatabaseManagement: CamelotandAvalon:ADistributed TransactionalInformationSystems:Theory, AGuidetoObject/Relational TransactionFacility Algorithms,andPracticeofConcurrency Technology EditedbyJeffreyL.Eppinger,LilyB. ControlandRecovery CynthiaMaroSaracco Mummert,andAlfredZ.Spector GerhardWeikumandGottfriedVossen ReadingsinDatabaseSystems, ReadingsinObject-OrientedDatabase SpatialDatabases:WithApplicationtoGIS ThirdEdition Systems PhilippeRigaux,MichelScholl,and EditedbyMichaelStonebrakerand EditedbyStanleyB.Zdonikand AgnesVoisard JosephM.Hellerstein DavidMaier DATA MODEL PATTERNS A Metadata Map David C. Hay Essential Strategies, Inc. AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEWYORK OXFORD PARIS SANDIEGO SANFRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Publisher DianeD.Cerra AssistantEditor AsmaStephan EditorialIntern MarisaCrawford PublishingServicesManager GeorgeMorrison ProjectManager MarilynE.Rash CoverDesign HannusDesign CoverImage AristotlewithaBustofHomer,1653(Oiloncanvas) RembrandtHarmenszvanRijn(1606–1669Dutch) MetropolitanMuseumofArt,NewYork,USA Composition CephaImagingPvt.Ltd. TechnicalIllustrations DartmouthPublishingInc. Indexer KevinBroccoli Interiorprinter CourierWestford Coverprinter PhoenixColorCorp. MorganKaufmannPublishersisanimprintofElsevier. 500SansomeStreet,Suite400,SanFrancisco,CA94111 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. ©2006byDavidC.Hay.PublishedbyElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarksorregistered trademarks.InallinstancesinwhichMorganKaufmannPublishersisawareofaclaim,theproductnames appearininitialcapitalorallcapitalletters.Readers,however,shouldcontacttheappropriatecompaniesfor morecompleteinformationregardingtrademarksandregistration. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby anymeans—electronic,mechanical,photocopying,scanning,orotherwise—withoutpriorwrittenpermission ofthepublisher. PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentinOxford,UK: phone:(+44)1865843830,fax:(+44)1865853333,E-mail:[email protected] yourrequeston-lineviatheElsevierhomepage(http://elsevier.com),byselecting“Support&Contact”then “CopyrightandPermission”andthen“ObtainingPermissions.” LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hay,DavidC.,1947- Datamodelpatterns:ametadatamap/DavidC.Hay. p.cm. 1.Datawarehousing. 2.Metadata. I.Title. ISBN-13:978-0-12-088798-9(pbk.:alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-12-088798-3(pbk.:alk.paper) QA76.9.D37.H382006 005.74–dc22 2006011123 ForinformationonallMorganKaufmannpublications,visitourWebsiteatwww.mkp.comor www.books.elsevier.com PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 06 07 08 09 10 5 4 3 2 1 To my mother,Henrietta Hay,who taught me to write well and to appreciate good writing. CHRONO-SYNCLASTICINFUNDIBULA—Just imagine that your Daddy is the smartest manwhoeverlivedonEarth,andheknowseverythingthereistofindout,andhe is exactly right about everything, and he can prove he is right about everything. Now imagine another little child on some nice world a million light-years away, andthatlittlechild’sDaddyisthesmartestmanwhoeverlivedonthatniceworld so far away. And he is just as smart and just as right as your Daddy is. Both Daddiesaresmart,andbothDaddiesareright. Onlyiftheyevermeteachothertheywouldgetintoaterribleargument,because they wouldn’t agree on anything. Now, you can say that your Daddy is right and the other little child’s Daddy is wrong, but the Universe is an awfully big place.Thereisroomenoughforanawfullotofpeopletoberightaboutthingsand stillnotagree. ThereasonbothDaddiescanberightandstillgetintoterriblefightsisbecausethere aresomanydifferentwaysofbeingright.ThereareplacesintheUniverse,though, where each Daddy could finally catch on to what the other Daddy was talking about.Theseplacesarewhereallthedifferentkindsoftruthsfittogetherasnicely as the parts in your Daddy’s solar watch. We call these places chrono-synclastic infundibula. ... Chrono (KROH-no) means time. Synclastic (sin-CLASS-tick) means curved toward the same side in all directions, like the skin of an orange. Infundibulum (in-fun-DIB-u-lum)iswhattheancientRomanslikeJuliusCaesarandNerocalled afunnel.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatafunnelis,getMommytoshowyouone. —KurtVonnegut Jr. FromTheSirensofTitan,©copyright1988 byKurtVonnegut UsedbypermissionofDellPublishing, adivisionofRandomHouse,Inc. CONTENTS Preface ........................................................... xiii Foreword ......................................................... xix CHAPTER1: ABOUTMETADATAMODELS ................................ 1 WHATAREMETADATA? ............................................. 1 INSEARCHOFMETADATA ............................................ 5 THEARCHITECTUREFRAMEWORK ....................................... 7 TheRows ................................................. 8 TheColumns .............................................. 11 METAMODELSANDTHEFRAMEWORK ..................................... 13 Data ..................................................... 15 Activities ................................................. 15 Locations ................................................. 16 PeopleandOrganizations ..................................... 16 Timing ................................................... 16 Motivation ................................................ 17 THENOTATION:OBJECTANDENTITYCLASSES .............................. 17 ClassModel(UML) .......................................... 18 Entity-RelationshipModel ..................................... 24 LEVELOFABSTRACTION ............................................. 29 CHAPTER2: DATA .................................................. 33 DATAANDTHEARCHITECTUREFRAMEWORK ................................ 33 THEBUSINESSOWNERANDBUSINESSRULES............................... 34 ROWTWO:BUSINESSTERMS,CONCEPTS,ANDFACTTYPES ..................... 37 TermsandConcepts ......................................... 38 Ontologies ................................................ 45 Propositions ............................................... 48 FactTypes ................................................ 49 Characteristics ............................................. 52 Resources ................................................ 54 ix