Data Communications and Computer Networks: For Computer Scientists and Engineers

437 Pages·2003·12.1 MB·English

by  Michael Duck

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Michael Duck and Richard Read D
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• Covers international standards, with emphasis on those for Europe and
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• Numerous worked examples designed to improve the understanding of
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Michael Duckis a professional engineer at Nortel Networks, EMEA.
Richard Readis a Senior Lecturer in Computer Communications at Middlesex
University and a freelance consultant.
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Data Communications and Computer Networks
for Computer Scientists and Engineers
Second Edition
DCAA01 2/27/06 11:17 AM Page ii
We work with leading authors to develop the
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DCAA01 2/27/06 11:17 AM Page iii
Data Communications
and Computer
Networks
for Computer Scientists
and Engineers
Second Edition
Michael Duck
and
Richard Read
DCAA01 2/27/06 11:17 AM Page iv
Pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
Harlow
Essex CM20 2JE
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world
Visit us on the World Wide Web at:
www.pearsoned.co.uk
First published 1996
Second edition 2003
©Pearson Education Limited 1996, 2003
The rights of Michael Duck and Richard Read to be identified as authors of
this work have been asserted by them in accordance with
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior
written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying
in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,
90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
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attempt to supply trademark information about manufacturers and their products
mentioned in this book. A list of trademark designations and their owners appears below.
Trademark notice
The following designations are trademarks or registered trademarks of the organizations whose names
follow in brackets: Cisco Systems (Cisco Systems, Inc.); Nortel Networks, Passport and Preside (Nortel
Networks).
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-093047-7
ISBN-10: 0-13-093047-4
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Duck, Michael.
Data communications and computer networks : for computer scientists and engineers /
Michael Duck and Richard Read.––2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-13-093047-4
1. Computer networks. 2. OSI (Computer network standard) 3.Data transmission
systems I. Read, Richard (Richard J.) II. Title.
TK5105.5.D89 2003
004.6––dc21
2003043357
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
10 09 08 07 06
Typeset in 10/12pt Times by 35
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, Dorset
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To Marlon
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Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The development of data communications 2
1.2 Types and sources of data 4
1.3 Communications models 6
1.4 Standards 7
1.5 Open Systems Interconnection 9
1.6 OSI Reference Model 13
1.7 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
802 standards 15
1.8 OSI Reference Model and other standards 16
Exercises 18
2 Data communications 19
2.1 Data transmission techniques 19
2.2 Network topology 29
2.3 Transmission media and characteristics 32
2.4 Baseband signalling 37
Exercises 48
3 Information theory 50
3.1 Information source 51
3.2 Information measure 52
3.3 Entropy 55
3.4 Source codes 57
3.5 Data compression 63
Exercises 82
vii
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viii Contents
4 Error control 83
4.1 Transmission impairments 83
4.2 Forward error control 85
4.3 Linear block codes 85
4.4 Convolutional codes 100
4.5 Feedback error control 106
Exercises 108
5 Data link control 110
5.1 Link throughput 110
5.2 Flow control 116
5.3 Link management 121
5.4 High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol 122
5.5 Point-to-Point Protocol 129
Exercises 130
6 Modems 132
6.1 Modulation 133
6.2 Effect of noise upon digitally modulated signals 146
6.3 Equalizers 148
6.4 Channel capacity 149
6.5 Generalized modem 150
6.6 ITU-T V standards 151
6.7 Other types of modem 157
Exercises 159
7 Access networks 161
7.1 Integrated Services Digital Network 161
7.2 Broadband ISDN 170
7.3 xDSL 175
Exercises 181
8 Transport networks 182
8.1 Time division multiplexing 183
8.2 Pulse code modulation 185
8.3 Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy 186
8.4 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 188
Exercises 198
9 Introduction to local area networks 199
9.1 Medium Access Control 200
9.2 LAN performance 206
Exercises 215
10 LAN standards 217
10.1 IEEE 802.2 217
10.2 IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD 219
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Contents ix
10.3 IEEE 802.4 token bus 224
10.4 IEEE 802.5 token ring 225
10.5 Wireless LANs 228
Exercises 238
11 High-speed LANs and metropolitan area networks 240
11.1 Fibre Distributed Data Interface 240
11.2 IEEE 802.3u 244
11.3 IEEE 802.3z 246
11.4 IEEE 802.6 MAN 247
11.5 IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Rings 251
Exercises 251
12 Packet-switched and frame relay networks 252
12.1 Evolution of switched communications 252
12.2 X.25 packet-switched networks 255
12.3 Frame relay networks 262
12.4 Frame relay traffic management 265
Exercises 270
13 Asynchronous transfer mode 271
13.1 Asynchronous and synchronous transfer 272
13.2 ATM protocol model 272
13.3 ATM adaptation 275
13.4 Virtual connections 277
13.5 ATM service categories 279
13.6 Traffic management 281
13.7 ATM switches 288
13.8 ATM standards 290
Exercises 290
14 Internetworking 293
14.1 Internetworking requirements 293
14.2 Internetworking techniques 296
14.3 The Internet 304
14.4 Security 305
Exercises 306
15 Internet protocols 308
15.1 The TCP/IP suite 309
15.2 Internet Protocol 310
15.3 Routing protocols 318
15.4 Transport layer protocols 322
15.5 Virtual private networks 325
15.6 Real-Time Transport Protocol and Voice over IP 326
15.7 Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) 329