Data Collection in Sociolinguistics PDF
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Data Collection in Sociolinguistics The second edition of Data Collection in Sociolinguistics: Methods and Applications con- tinues to provide up-to-date, succinct, relevant, and informative discussion about meth- ods of data collection in sociolinguistic research. Written by a range of top sociolinguists, both veteran and emerging scholars, it covers the main areas of research design, conducting research, and sharing data and findings. In addition to revisions of original material, this edition includes nine new vignettes covering such topics as collecting data from social media, conducting linguistic landscape research, forensic linguistic data collection, and working with transgender communities. A companion website, http://sociolinguisticda- tacollection.com, provides enhanced pedagogical features such as discussion questions, activities, end-of-chapter exercises, and contributor videos. This volume is the one-stop, go-to guide for the numerous quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods used in socio- linguistic research; it is the ideal resource for undergraduate and graduate courses in sociolinguistic research, field methods, and data collection. Christine Mallinson is Professor of Language, Literacy, and Culture and Affiliate Professor of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA. Becky Childs is Professor of English at Coastal Carolina University, USA. Gerard Van Herk is Associate Professor of Linguistics at Memorial University of New- foundland, Canada. “Since its first edition, Data Collection in Sociolinguistics has provided an up-to-the- minute overview of the issues facing the sociolinguistic researcher. The lineup of authors, the range of topics and contexts, and the nuanced handling of complex issues make this volume crucial for seasoned researchers as well as students just entering the field.” Mary Bucholtz, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA “The last few years have seen various introductory books on sociolinguistic methodolo- gies. This one is certainly one of the best buys on the market – sophisticated, up-to-date, and innovative while at the same time authoritative and highly accessible; simply every- thing researchers, old and young, need to know!” Daniel Schreier, University of Zurich, Switzerland Data Collection in Sociolinguistics Methods and Applications Second Edition Edited by Christine Mallinson Becky Childs Gerard Van Herk Second edition published 2018 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 Christine Mallinson, Becky Childs, and Gerard Van Herk The right of Christine Mallinson, Becky Childs, and Gerard Van Herk to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders. Please advise the publisher of any errors or omissions, and these will be corrected in subsequent editions. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 2013 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Mallinson, Christine, editor. | Childs, Becky, editor. | Van Herk, Gerard, editor. Title: Data collection in sociolinguistics : methods and applications / edited by Christine Mallinson, Becky Childs, Gerard Van Herk. Description: Second edition | New York, NY : Routledge, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017028229 | ISBN 9781138691360 (hardback) | ISBN 9781138691377 (pbk.) | ISBN 9781315535234 (epub) | ISBN 9781315535227 (mobipocket/kindle) Subjects: LCSH: Sociolinguistics–Research–Methodology. | Qualitative research. Classification: LCC P40.3 .D38 2017 | DDC 306.44072/3–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017028229 ISBN: 978-1-138-69136-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-69137-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-53525-8 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Visit the companion website: http://sociolinguisticdatacollection.com. Contents List of Illustrations x List of Contributors xi Foreword by J. K. Chambers xvii Acknowledgments xx Copyright Acknowledgments xxi PART I Research Design 1 1 Research Design 3 CHRISTINE MALLINSON 2 Ways of Observing: Studying the Interplay of Social and Linguistic Variation 7 BARBARA M. HORVATH Vignette 2a. Multidisciplinary Sociolinguistic Studies 16 MARCIA FARR Vignette 2b. How to Uncover Linguistic Variables 19 WALT WOLFRAM Vignette 2c. Studying Difficult to Study Variables 23 J. DANIEL HASTY Vignette 2d. How to Uncover Social Variables: A Focus on Clans 26 JAMES N. STANFORD Vignette 2e. How to Uncover Social Variables: A Focus on Social Class 30 RANIA HABIB 3 Social Ethics for Sociolinguistics 33 SARA TRECHTER vi Contents Vignette 3a. Responsibility to Research Participants in Representation 45 NIKO BESNIER Vignette 3b. Working With Transgender Communities 49 LAL ZIMMAN Vignette 3c. Conducting Research With Vulnerable Populations 53 STEPHEN L. MANN Vignette 3d. Ethical Dilemmas in the Use of Public Documents 56 SUSAN EHRLICH Vignette 3e. Real Ethical Issues in Virtual World Research 59 RANDALL SADLER PART II Generating New Data 65 4 Generating New Data 67 BECKY CHILDS 5 Ethnographic Fieldwork 71 EREZ LEVON Vignette 5a. The Joy of Sociolinguistic Fieldwork 80 JOHN R. RICKFORD Vignette 5b. Fieldwork in Immigrant Communities 84 JAMES A. WALKER AND MICHOL F. HOFFMAN Vignette 5c. Fieldwork in Migrant and Diasporic Communities 87 RAJEND MESTHRIE Vignette 5d. Fieldwork in Remnant Dialect Communities 90 PATRICIA CAUSEY NICHOLS Vignette 5e. Linguistic Landscape and Ethnographic Fieldwork 94 JACKIE JIA LOU 6 The Sociolinguistic Interview 99 KARA BECKER Vignette 6a. Cross-cultural Issues in Studying Endangered Indigenous Languages 108 D. VICTORIA RAU Contents vii Vignette 6b. Conducting Sociolinguistic Interviews in Deaf Communities 111 CEIL LUCAS Vignette 6c. Special Issues in Collecting Interview Data for Sign Language Projects 116 JOSEPH HILL Vignette 6d. Other Interviewing Techniques in Sociolinguistics 119 BOYD DAVIS 7 The Technology of Conducting Sociolinguistic Interviews 123 PAUL DE DECKER AND JENNIFER NYCZ Vignette 7a. Technological Challenges in Sociolinguistic Data Collection 131 LAUREN HALL-LEW AND BARTLOMIEJ PLICHTA 8 Surveys: The Use of Written Questionnaires in Sociolinguistics 134 CHARLES BOBERG Vignette 8a. Language Attitude Surveys: Speaker Evaluation Studies 144 KATHRYN CAMPBELL-KIBLER Vignette 8b. Cultural Challenges in Online Survey Data Collection 148 NAOMI S. BARON Vignette 8c. Dialect Surveys and Student-Led Data Collection 151 LAUREL MACKENZIE 9 Experiments 154 CYNTHIA G. CLOPPER PART III Working With and Preserving Existing Data 163 10 Working With and Preserving Existing Data 165 GERARD VAN HERK 11 Written Data Sources 169 EDGAR W. SCHNEIDER Vignette 11a. Accessing the Vernacular in Written Documents 178 FRANCE MARTINEAU Vignette 11b. Adapting Existing Data Sources: Language and the Law 182 PHILIPP SEBASTIAN ANGERMEYER viii Contents Vignette 11c. Issues in Forensic Linguistic Data Collection 186 RONALD R. BUTTERS Vignette 11d. Advances in Sociolinguistic Transcription Methods 189 ALEXANDRA D’ARCY Vignette 11e. Transcribing Video Data 193 CÉCILE B. VIGOUROUX 12 Data Preservation and Access 197 TYLER KENDALL Vignette 12a. Making Sociolinguistic Data Accessible 207 WILLIAM A. KRETZSCHMAR, JR. Vignette 12b. Establishing Corpora From Existing Data Sources 211 MARK DAVIES Vignette 12c. Working With “Unconventional” Existing Data Sources 214 JOAN C. BEAL AND KAREN P. CORRIGAN 13 Working With Performed Language: Movies, Television, and Music 218 ROBIN QUEEN Vignette 13a. Working With Scripted Data: A Focus on African American English 227 TRACEY L. WELDON Vignette 13b. Working With Scripted Data: Variations Among Scripts, Texts, and Performances 230 MICHAEL ADAMS 14 Online Data Collection 233 JANNIS ANDROUTSOPOULOS Vignette 14a. Sociolinguistic Approaches to Storytelling in Facebook Status Updates 245 RUTH PAGE Vignette 14b. Collecting Data From Twitter 248 STEVEN COATS PART IV Sharing Data and Findings 253 15 Sharing Data and Findings 255 CHRISTINE MALLINSON Contents ix 16 Community Activism: Turning Things Around 260 ARAPERA NGAHA 17 Sociolinguistic Engagement in Schools: Collecting and Sharing Data 270 ANNE H. CHARITY HUDLEY Vignette 17a. Beyond Lists of Differences to Accurate Descriptions 281 LISA GREEN Vignette 17b. Linguistic Flexibility in Urban Zambian Schoolchildren 285 ROBERT SERPELL Vignette 17c. Engagement With Schools: Sharing Data and Findings 289 DONNA STARKS 18 Sociolinguistics in and for the Media 292 JENNIFER SCLAFANI Vignette 18a. Media Interest in Sociolinguistic Endeavors 301 SCOTT F. KIESLING Vignette 18b. Sociolinguistics on BBC Radio 305 CLIVE UPTON Vignette 18c. Media, Politics, and Semantic Change 311 ANDREW D. WONG Vignette 18d. Engaging Local and Mass Media on Issues of Language Policy 314 PHILLIP M. CARTER 19 Conclusion 318 CHRISTINE MALLINSON, BECKY CHILDS, AND GERARD VAN HERK Index 319
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