Data Analysis in Astronomy IV

355 Pages·1992·15.302 MB·English

by  Frank Giovane (auth.), V. Di Gesù, L. Scarsi, R. Buccheri, P. Crane, M. C. Maccarone, H. U. Zimmermann (eds.)

Data Analysis
in Astronomy IV
ETTORE MAJORANA
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES
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European Physical Society
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Volume 59 DATA ANALYSIS IN ASTRONOMY IV
Edited by V. Oi Gesu, L. Scarsi, R. Buccheri, P. Crane,
M. C.M accarone, and H. U. Zimmermann
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Data Analysis
in Astronomy IV
Edited by
v.
Oi Gesi)
University of Palermo
Palermo, Italy
L. Scarsi
University of Palermo and
Institute of Cosmic Physics and Informatics/CNR
Palermo, Italy
R. Buccheri
Institute of Cosmic Physics and Informatics/CNR
Palermo, Italy
P. Crane
European Southern Observatory
Garching/Munich, Germany
M. C. Maccarone
Institute of Cosmic Physics and Informatics/CNR
Palermo, Italy
and
H. U. Zimmermann
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Garching/Munich, Germany
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng-In-Publlcatlon Data
Data analysis in astronomy IV I edited by V. Di Gesu ... [et al.1.
p. cm. -- (Ettore Majorana international sclence ser ies.
Physical sciences ; v. 59)
"Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Data Analysls
in Astronomy, held Aprll 12-19, 1991, in Erice, Slclly, Italy"--T.p.
verso.
Includes bibliographlcal references and index.
ISBN 978-14613-6496-2 ISBN 978-14615-3388-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3388-7
1. Astronomy--Oata processlng--Congresses. 2. Astrophyslcs--Oata
processlng--Congresses. 1. Oi Gesu, V. II. International Workshop
on Data Analysls in Astronomy (4th , 1991 , Erlce, Italy)
III. Title, Data analysls In astronomy 4. IV. Ser Ies.
QB51.3.E43028 1992
520' .285--dc20 92-10775
eIP
Proeeedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Data Analysis in Astronomy,
held April 12-19, 1991, in Eriee, Sicily, Italy
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1992
AII rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
In this book are reported the main results presented at the "Fourth International Workshop
on Data Analysis in Astronomy", held at the Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture,
Erice, Sicily, Italy, on April 12-19, 1991. The Workshop was preceded by three workshops
on the same subject held in Erice in 1984, 1986 and 1988.
The frrst workshop (Erice 1984) was dominated by presentations of "Systems for Data
Analysis"; the main systems proposed were MIDAS, AlPS, RIAIP, and SAIA.
Methodologies and image analysis topics were also presented with the emphasis on cluster
analysis, multivariate analysis, bootstrap methods, time analysis, periodicity, 2D
photometry, spectrometry, and data compression. A general presentation on "Parallel
Processing" was made which encompassed new architectures, data structures and
languages.
The second workshop (Erice 1986) reviewed the "Data Handling Systems" planned for large
major satellites and ground experiments (VLA, HST, ROSAT, COMPASS-COMPTEL).
Data analysis methods applied to physical interpretation were mainly considered (cluster
photometry, astronomical optical data compression, cluster analysis for pulsar light curves,
coded aperture imaging). New parallel and vectorial machines were presented (cellular
machines, PAPIA-machine, MPP-machine, vector computers in astronomy). Contributions
in the field of artificial intelligence and planned applications to astronomy were also
considered (expert systems, artificial intelligence in computer vision).
The third workshop (Erice 1988) was dedicated mainly to data analysis methods (chaotic
processes in astronomy, search for galaxy chains via cluster analysis, search of bursts with
adaptive cluster analysis) for solutions in the new frontiers of astrophysics (y-astronomy,
neutrino-astronomy, gravitational waves, background radiation, and extreme cosmic ray
energy spectrum).
The aim of these workshops was to create a cultural bridge between astronomers and
computer scientists, and to follow the evolution of data analysis in astronomy during the last
decade.
The "Fourth International Workshop on Data Analysis in Astronomy" represents the natural
evolution of those held previously. In fact, most of the methods and systems developed in
the past are now used on working large scale experiments in astrophysics.
During the workshop 60 talks were presented. In the five sections of this book appear 36
selected papers. The frrst section is dedicated to the presentation of general lectures in data
analysis, archives, and image processing. The other sections provide an overview of large
operating experiments in astronomy (Hubble Space Telescope, ROSAT, GRO-COMPTEL,
GRO-OSSE, GRO-EGRET) and future space mission (SAX, SPECTRUM-X-1ET-X,
VEl).
v
Demonstrations of working data analysis systems on specialized computer machines were
presented, compared, and discussed. The organization of these demonstrations was
successful due to the computer support available at the Ettore Majorana Center and to the
hardware provided by DELPHI-Italy.
The success of the Workshop was the result of the coordinated efforts of a number of
people, from the Workshop organizers to those who presented a contribution and/or took
part in the discussions. We wish to thank the entire staff of the Ettore Majorana Center for
Scientific Culture for their support and invaluable help in arranging the Workshop.
v. Di Gesu
L. Scarsi
R. Buccheri
P. Crane
M.e. Maccarone
H.U. Zimmermann
VI
CONTENTS
SYSTEMS AND ARCHIVES IN ASTRONOMY
Astrophysics Data System ..................................................................... 3
F. Giovane
MIDAS On-Line at the Telescope ...................................... ....................... 11
K. Banse, D. Baade, P. Biereichel, and P. Grosb0l
Astronomical Databases: A User Approach 21
A. Heck
ESIS: Science Information Retrieval ......................................................... 29
M.A. Albrecht
Markov Random Field Applications in Image Analysis .................................... 39
A.K. Jain and S.O. Nadabar
SAST - A Software Package for the Statistical Analysis of Sparse Times ................ 51
R. Buccheri, M. Busetta, and M.e. Maccarone
XRONOS: A Timing Analysis Software Package 59
L. Stella and L. Angelini
An Automatic Spectrophotometric Data Reduction System for Quantitative
Spectral Classification of Stars .................... .... .... .... ..... .... ................ 65
V. Malyuto, J. Pelt, and T. Shvelidze
THE HST MISSION
The Hubble Space Telescope: Year One ..................................................... 75
R.J. Hanisch
HST Image Restoration - Status and Prospects ........ ........... ....... ........ ........... 83
H.-M. Adorf
STSDAS: The Space Telescope Science Data Analysis System ........................... 97
R.J. Hanisch
Detecting Cosmic Rays Hits on HST WF/PC Images Using Neural Networks
and Other Discriminant Analysis Approaches ............................... ......... 103
FD. Murtagh and H.-M. Adorf
vii
THE ROSAT MISSION
The ROSAT Mission 115
H.U. Zimmermann
Mission Planning with ROSAT ............................................................... 121
S.L. Snowden and J.H.M.M. Schmitt
The ROSAT Data Archive and Other Project Applications of a DBMS .................. 131
J. Paul
Interactive Analysis with EXSAS ............................................................. 141
H.U. Zimmermann, T. Belloni, G. Boese, C. Izzo, P. Kahabka,
and O. Schwentker
PROS: Data Analysis for ROSAT ........................................ .................... 145
D.M. Worrall, M. Conroy, J. DePonte, F.R. Harnden. Jr..
E. Mandel, S.S. Murray. G. Trinchieri. M. VanHilst, and B.J. Wilkes
The Standard Automatic Analysis Software System (SASS) .............................. 153
R. Gruber
The XUV Wide Field Camera On-Board ROSA T:
Ground Segment and Data Processing 161
A.W. Harris and G.S. Pankiewicz
An XUV Survey with the Wide Field Camera on ROSA T ........ ........................ 171
A.E. Sansom, M. Denby, R. Willingale, and e.G. Page
THE GRO MISSION
The GRO-COMPTEL Mission:
Instrument Description and Scientific Objectives .................................... 185
V. Schonfelder, K. Bennett, W. Collmar. A. Connors.
A. Deerenberg, R. Diehl, lW. den Herder, W. Hermsen,
G.G. Lichti, J.A. Lockwood, J. Macri, M. McConnell.
D. Morris, A. Connors, J. Ryan, G. Simpson, H. Steinle.
A. Strong. B.N. Swanenburg, B.G. Taylor, M. Varendorff,
C. de Vries, and C. Winkler
Response Determination of COMPTEL from Calibration
Measurements, Models. and Simulations ............................................. 201
R. Diehl, H. Aarts, K. Bennett, W. Collmar, H. deBoer.
A.J.M. Deerenberg, lW. den Herder, C. de Vries,
W. Hermsen, M. Kippen. J. KnOdlseder, L. Kuiper,
G.G. Lichti, J.A. Lockwood, J. Macri, M. McConnell,
R. Much, D. Morris, J. Ryan, V. Schonfelder, G. Simpson,
H. Steinle, A.W. Strong, B.N. Swanenburg, T. van Sant,
W.R. Webber, and C. Winkler
COMPTEL Processing and Analysis Software System: COMPASS
(Requirements and Overview) .......................................................... 217
J.W. den Herder, H. Aarts, K. Bennett, R. Diehl, W. Hermsen,
M. Johnson, J. Lockwood, M. McConnell, J. Ryan,
V. Schonfelder, G. Simpson, H. Steinle, A.W. Strong,
B.N. Swanenburg, C. de Vries, C. Winkler, and 1. Wood
viii
Pulsar Analysis within COMPASS ... .... ............................... ...... ... ...... ...... 229
M. Busetta, K. Bennett, R. Buccheri, J. Clear, R. Diehl,
J.W. den Herder, W. Hermsen, L. Kuiper, J. Lockwood,
M. McConnell, J. Ryan, V. Schonfelder, A Strong,
B.G. Taylor, and C. Winkler
Maximum Likelihood Method Applied to COMPTEL Source
Recognition and Analysis ....................................................... ..... ... 241
H. de Boer, K. Bennett, H. Bloemen, J.W. den Herder,
W. Hermsen, A Klumper, G. Lichti, M. McConnell,
J. Ryan, V. SchOnfelder, AW. Strong, and C. de Vries
Maximum Entropy Imaging and Spectral Deconvolution for COMPTEL ........ ........ 251
AW. Strong, P. Cabeza-Orcel, K. Bennett, W. Collmar,
R. Diehl, l.W. den Herder, W. Hermsen, G. Lichti,
M. McConnell, 1. Ryan, H. Steinle, V. Schonfelder,
and C. Winkler
COMPTEL as a Solar Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector ................................. 261
J.M. Ryan, H. Aarts, K. Bennett, R. Byrd, C. de Vries,
J.W. den Herder, AJ.M. Deerenberg, R. Diehl, G. Eymann,
D.J. Forrest, C. Foster, W. Hermsen, 1. Lockwood,
G. Lichti, 1. Macri, M. McConnell, D. Morris,
V. Schonfelder, G. Simpson, M. Snelling, H. Steinle,
A. Strong, B.N. Swanenburg, T. Taddeucci,
W.R. Webber, and C. Winkler
Neural Net Approaches for Event Location in the Detector Modules ..................... 271
A Connors, H. Aarts, K. Bennett, AJ.M. Deerenberg,
R. Diehl, J.W. den Herder, W. Hermsen, G. Lichti,
1. Lockwood, M. Loomis, J. Macri, M. McConnell,
D. Morris, K. Reinhard, J. Ryan, V. Schonfelder,
G. Simpson, B.N. Swanenburg, H. Steinle, A. Strong,
M. Varendorff, C. de Vries, W.E. Webber, C. Winkler,
and V. Zeitlmeyer
The OSSE Data Analysis System ............................................................. 283
M.S. Strickman, J.E. Grove, W.N. Johnson, R.L. Kinzer,
R.A. Kroeger, J.D. Kurfess, M.D. Leising, D.A. Grabelsky,
S.M. Matz, W.R. Purcell, M.P. Ulmer, R.A. Cameron,
G.V. Jung, K.M. Brown, and C.M. Jensen
IGORE: Interactive GRO/OSSE Reduction Environment .................................. 295
D.A Grabelsky, S.M. Matz, J. Pendleton, W.R. Purcell,
M.P. Ulmer, W.N. Johnson, and M.S. Strickman
The EGRET High Energy Gamma Ray Telescope on GRO:
Instrument Description and Scientific Mission ............. ....... .............. ..... 303
H.-D. Radecke and G. Kanbach
The EGRET High Energy Gamma Ray Telescope on GRO:
Data Analysis System at MPE .......................................................... 311
T.L. Halaczek and G. Kanbach
IX
FUTURE MISSIONS
The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Mission: Software Development ...................... 321
C.A. Christian
The JET-X Experiment On-Board the SPECTRUM-Xi Mission ...................... 329
T. Mineo and G. Cusumano
The SAX Mission .. ... ....... ......... ........................................... ........... .... 335
R.C. Butler and L. Scarsi
SAX Mission Ground Support System ...................................................... 349
M. Manca, F. D'Alessandro, B. Negri, and M. Trifoglio
Contributors 361
Index 363
x