daSTomil varT yuresa amas

219 Pages·2014·1.34 MB·Indonesian

ciala ardaSelia
daSTomil varT
yuresa amas ...
istoriul-mxatvruli narkvevebi,
werilebi
gamomcemloba `meridiani~
Tbilisi 2014
uak.(UDC) 821.353.1-32 avtorisgan
a-781
winamdebare krebulSi Tavmoyrilia bolo sami aTeu-
li wlis ganmavlobaSi dawerili istoriul-mxatvruli
narkvevebisa da publicisturi werilebis erTi nawili.
„mTiebTa samaia“ („saunje saTnoebisa“) pirvelad 1986 w.
gamoqveynda. gamomc. „nakadulma“ – mizezTa gamo, igi
alag-alag Sekvecili saxiT da im droisTvis erTob mci-
re tiraJiT dastamba. Tumca, rom ara poet moris focx-
iSvilis Tanadgoma (imxanad „nakadulis“ direqtori iyo),
wigni SeiZleba saerTod arc dabeWdiliyo. literatur-
ismcodne rezi TvaraZis azriT, es narkvevi gamosvlisTa-
nave, bestselerad iqca. aw ukve Sevsebuli narkvevebisa
redaqtori elza metreveli da werilebis saerTo saTaurad SemTxveviT ar SemirCe-
via me-8 saukunis hagiografis, didebuli iovane saban-
isZis sityvebi „habos wamebidan“, roca qveyana arabebis
mxatvari nugzar mgalobliSvili
Semosevis gamo – yofna-aryofnis zRvarze iyo, roca:
„aRvirieniT ersa ucxosa“. poetis TqmiT, dasabamidan
damkabadonebeli Tamar tyablaZe
saomar lelod gadaqceuli saqarTvelo, Jamidan-Jamamde
nikofsiiT darubandamdis rom iyo gadaWimuli, dResac,
rogorc araerTxel dakuwul-daCexili, marTlac mcire
yured Tu aRiqmeba Tanamedrove msoflios TvalSi. anu:
amiraniviT igi kvlav kavkasionis kldezea TiTqos mi-
jaWvuli da isev-ise gul-RviZls ukortnian gareSe Tu
Sinauri yvav-yornebi.
e.w. globalizmisa da integraciis epoqaSi, xSirad
– fsevdo-demokratiis fonze – saqarTvelo ara mx-
© gamomcemloba `meridiani~ ,2014
olod kidurebmoglejil, sisxlmdinare, gaRatake-
bul-gamaTxovrebul qveyanad iqca, aramed mas ukve Sig
© c. ardaSelia
gulSi aqvs maxvili garWobili – Sida qarTlis saxiT!
marTlac rom: „qarTlis Wirsa vervin mosTvlis!“ para-
ISBN 978-9941-10-899-0 doqsia TiTqos, magram faqtia, rom kacobriobis civili-
zaciis erT-erTi uZvelesi fuZis Camyreli – xorblis,
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vazis Tu metalurgiis samSoblo, erT dros „oqros saw- mTiebTa samaia
misis“ mflobeli, sami srulyofili damwerlobis mqone,
(`saunje saTnoebisa~)
brwyinvale saero Tu sasuliero literaturisa da xe-
lovnebis Semomqmedi, msoflio mniSvnelobis mecnierTa Sesavali
samWedlo, sarwmunoebisa da mamulisTvis Tavdadebul
uTvalav gmirTa samkvidrebeli anu kolx–iberTa modg- uZvelesi droidan qarTvel qalebs uamravi apologeti
ma-gadaSenebis, miwis piridan aRgvis saSiSroebis win aR- hyavda rogorc CvenSi, ise Cveni qveynis farglebs gareT.
moCnda – Tanamedrove garkveuli Zalebis mier gezmimar- ucxoeli mogzaurebi Tu istorikosebi, misioneri berebi Tu
mecnier-mkvlevarebi, poetebi Tu mwerlebi xotba-didebas
Tuli. diax, akakis TqmiT, es damxvdurad mebrZoli eri,
asxamdnen qarTveli qalis siturfes da gonierebas, qveynisa
ucxoTa qomagi da SeWirvebulTa Semfarebel-Semwyn-
da eris winaSe mis saarako erTgulebasa da Tavganwirvas.
arebeli – dRes Sagrenis tyaviviT daleula – zog-zogi
amasTan, gansakuTrebiT xazgasmiT aRniSnavdnen Cveni qa-
mter-moyvrisa Tu umaduri mezoblebis wyalobiTac.
lebis znesrulobas, riTic isini sxvaTagan gamoirCeodnen.
Tumca, qarTvels gulis gatexva ar sCvevia. aki, didi il-
TviT qarTvel erSic Rrmad damkvidrebuli da fesvgadg-
iac ase mimarTavs Tavis saTayvanebel samSoblos: „awmyo
muli es Sexeduleba qalebze uTuod nasazrdoebi gaxldaT
Tu ara gwyalobs, momavali Senia“-o. saqarTvelos ug-
realuri garemoebiTa da aTaswlovani tradiciiT.
virgvino mefem mSvenivrad uwyoda – didi warsulis mqone Tanamedrove arqeologiuri da istoriuli gamokvleve-
qveyanas – momavalic didi eqneboda, rom gmirTa-gmiri bi cxadyhofen, rom CvenTvis, rogorc uZvelesi miwaTmoq-
amirani, akakis azriTac, Tavs aiSvebda – gawyvetda jaWvs medi erisTvis, niSandoblivi iyo mnaTobTa Tayvaneba, xolo
da qveyanas sixarulad Seecvleboda amdeni xnis gasaWiri, Tavdapirveli uzenaesi RvTaeba-Semoqmedi qveynierebisa
vaJas daWrili arwivic kvlav caSi gainavardebda da Tama- _ qalad warmoidgineboda. cis am did deda-RmerTs (dia-
mad daiZaxebda: „saqarTvelo aRsdga mkvdreTiT“-o, rom ufals) ukavSirdeboda adamianis sve-bedi. igi iyo mfarve-
li da qomagi mTeli erisa. aqedan unda momdinareobdes is
ama enasa Sina damarxul ars saidumloeba qveynierebisa,
udidesi ridi da mokrZaleba dedaTa sqesis mimarT, rac
mova ufali da am eniT ganikiTxavs kacobriobas.
aisaxa Cvens zepirsityvierebaSi, legendebsa Tu Tqmulebeb-
diax, Cveni rwmeniTac: RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qvey-
Si, simRerebsa Tu cekvebSi, xalxis zne-CveulebebSi.
ana, deda-RvTisas – saufliswulo – kvlavac gabrwyinde-
cis RvTaeba didi nana droTa viTarebaSi kolx-iberTaT-
ba! amin!
vis TandaTan gardaisaxa mzed da iqca uzenaes RmerTad.

iyo periodebi, roca mamruli RvTaebani sZlevdnen xolme
2014 w. Tbilisi mdedruls, magram qalisadmi, anu mzisadmi Tayvaniscema ise
myarad iyo fexmokidebuli, ise Cakirul-CaduRabebuli eris
fsiqikaSi, rom veranairma Zalam ver SeZlo misi aRmofxvra-
amoZirkva eris cnobierebidan: dro-Jamic uZluri aRmoCnda
mis winaSe. amis naTeli dasturia Tundac RvTismSoblis _
4 5
mze-mariamis wilxvedrad rom miiCneven saqarTvelos. gad- `mze dedaa Cemi, mTvare _ mama Cemi~
mocemis Tanaxmadve, jer kidev pirvel saukuneSi uqadagiaT
CvenSi qristianoba andria pirvelwodebuls, simon kananels ...borZikiT, xelis faTuriT, gulis xeTqiT, magram
da mataTas, magram qveynisa da eris ganmanaTleblad qarTv- mainc daJinebiT miikvlevda igi gzas ukuneTSi, gars
elobam mainc qali _ wminda nino aRiara. es, ra Tqma unda, ar
rom ertya. roca qancgawyvetili, dakawrul-daSaS-
aris SemTxveviTi ambavi. Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, qalis kultis
ruli, Tavpirdasisxlianebuli daenarcxeboda Zirs,
tradicia dasabamieria, igi momdinareobs uxsovari droi-
deda-miwa alersianad ikravda Tavis ubeSi, deduri
dan da saTaves iRebs swored qalRvTaeba didi nanasa da Sem-
siyvaruliT anugeSebda, fexze wamodgomaSi Sveloda
deg mzis Tayvanebidan. da, Tumca saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
jerac ususur, umweo arsebas, zeviT axedva rom ver
sxvadasxva viTarebis gamo TiTqos damcrobili iyo qalis
gaebedna, Tvali rom ver gaesworebina cargvalisTvis.
roli, magram, gansxvavebiT semituri da indoevropuli ra-
magram nelanelaobiT, TanisTanobiT misi mzera
sisgan, kolx-iberielTa cxovrebaSi dedaTa sqess udidesi
miiwevda maRla, cis laJvardisken, zesTazenuri us-
da xSirad upiratesi adgili eWira xolme.
azRvroebisken da lamobda masTan Serwyma-SenivTe-
amdenad, moulodneli ar unda iyos saqarTveloSi `qali-
bas. iqidan, anazdeulad gaxsnili zecis karibWidan,
sakvirveleba~ _ Tamaris gamoCena, iseve, rogorc wminda
imzireboda samyaros didi deda _ dia-ufali, ro-
qeTevanis movlena ar unda miviCnioT uCveulod.
melic ganagebda zeciur, miwier da wylis Zalebs. igi
did ars Zali siyvarulisai, romel morCil hyofs gon-
ifaravda da icavda Tavis naSierT: siavisgan, ukeTur-
ebasa Sekadrebad SeukadrebelTaco, _ naTqvamia. am wignis
isgan, ubadosgan, avsulisgan, rameTu RvTaeba nana,
avtors, rasakvirvelia, ara aqvs pretenzia, srulad, amom-
wuravad asaxos eris Sinagani rwmenisa da zneobis matare- cis didi dedofali, Tanabrad mowyale da lmobieri
beli am didbunebovani qalebis _ Tamaris, qeTevanis da sx- iyo yvelas _ maT Soris, uwinaresad, kolx-iberielTa,
vaTa cxovreba da moRvaweoba (es, albaT, did SemoqmedTac anu qaldevelTa mimarT.
gauZneldebodaT), magram SeZlebisdagvarad SevecadeT, wy- sxvadasxvanairi saxeli erqva samyaros am di-
aroebze dayrdnobiT, dokumenturad warmogveCina, akakis asaxliss. zogi xalxi mas ninTurs, inanas, ninis, nanas
TqmiT, mTiebTa sadari, sulieri sidiadisa da znesrulobis eZaxda, zogi _ izidas, iSTars... (`es me var, Cems xalxs
mxolod zogierTi, Cveni azriT, mniSvnelovani da sayur- rom vbadeb!~). sxvadasxvanairad mimarTavdnen mas, ma-
adRebo momentebi, wina planze wamogvewia dedaTa sqesis gram saerTo da sayovelTao iyo siyvaruli da Tayvane-
xSirad gadamwyveti roli Cveni qveynis istoriaSi, radgan, ba deda-RvTaebisadmi, cis dia-uflisadmi (dea, dia _
Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, qalis kulti saqarTveloSi erTian, egvip. nayofierebis RmerTqalia).
mTlian koncefcias emyareba, rac, rogorc zemoTac iTqva,
kolx-iberTa locvad aRvlenili vedreba am didi
dasabams iRebs qarTveli eris uZvelesi miTologiur-re-
nanas, cis dedoflis RvTaebrivi sikeTiT iyo gamT-
ligiuri warmodgenebidan, misi mravalaTaswlovani wes-
bari, misi madliT nakurTxi.
Cveulebebidan, Taobidan Taobas rom gadaecemoda da ama
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, RmerTi Tavdapirvelad
Tu im saxiT Tavs iCenda Cveni qartexiliani istoriis grZel
swored mdedrobiTi sqesis unda yofiliyo, anu cis
gza-savalze.
6 7
RvTaeba afrodite _ didi nana, cis deda-ufali. amas- `mzeo-dedav, mamav-mTvarev, varskvlavebo, Cemo
Tan, iv. javaxiSvilis dakvirvebiT: `odesRac qarT- mzeo, CamouSviT oqros skami, aRar aris xelmwifeo...~
vel tomebs saTavisTavo saTemo RvTaebaTa garda _ (`ananas zRapari~).
yvelasTvis saerTo rwmenac hqoniaT, saerTo qarTuli `bJa dia Cqimi, TuTa _ muma Cqimi, xviCa-xviCa muri-
warmarTobac yofila~1 cxebi da do jima Cqimi~ (mze dedaa Cemi, mTvare _ mama
da ugalobda Tubal-kainis modgma cis meufes da Cemi, moJikJike varskvlavebi da da Zmaa Cemi).
mis naSob dilis ciags (o, dila, dila), o-re-ras Tu ha- mze imTaviTve ufro qalad da ara mamakacad rom hyav-
da warmodgenili qarTvel ers, Cans am leqsidanac:
ra-les, ra-evos Tu ha-ri-ras (egvip. ra mzes niSnavs),
`caze mze dabnelebula, mTvare ayrida Saqarsa. mTva-
aias Tu eas, liles Tu mze-barbals... mis sadideblad
rev, nu ayri Saqarsa, aravin mogcems mag qalsa~. anda: `dai-
agebda taZrebs _ CvenSi dedoflis velze gaTxrili
Zine, genacvale, iavnaninao, mze dawva da mTvare Soba, iav-
qalRmerTis saydari erT-erTi udidesia mTels wina
naninao~. zog leqsSi mze mTvaris daa.
aziaSi; qmnida qandakebebs: fazis-qalaqis Sesasvlel
didebul mnaTobs sxvadasxva enaze adidebdnen da
karibWesTan idga qalRmerTi fasianes (faziselis)
ugalobdnen sxvadasxva erebi. amon-ra Semoqmedi Rmer-
skulptura. mis fexebTan vefxi da lomi iwvnen, xelSi
Tia egviptelebisTvis, xolo arwivi mzesTan aris gai-
winwila eWira. Zveli berZnebi fazisel RmerT-qals
givebuli, anu misi simboloa (xaxulis, oSkis taZrebs
rea-kibelesTan aigivebdnen, xolo rea, rogorc cno-
amSvenebda frTagaSlili arwivis gamosaxulebani).
bilia, miaCndaT deda-RmerTad. zogjer mas geasTanac
antikur Tebes xeldasxmulni uwodebdnen mzis qa-
aTanabrebdnen, romelmac kunZul kretaze gamoqv-
laqs anda mzis kidobans, radgan masSi inaxeboda Rv-
abulSi Sva da aRzarda zevsi.
Tiuri sibrZnis sinTezi da xeldasxmis yvela said-
aTaswleulebs cvlida aTaswleulebi. saukuneebis
umlo. egvipteli ziarebulni evedrebodnen mzes _
nislsa da janRSi, mewyerad da merexad movardnil qa-
ozirisis saxiT: `pativi da dideba Sen, mzeo, ufalo
rtexilebSi gauferulda da gaicrica qal-RvTaebis WeSmaritebisao, ufalo RmerTTa... Sena xar, romeli
saxe. imZlavra mamrulma. urCma. jiutma. kolx-iberTa moismen CagrulTa Civils... Sen gicems guli maTTvis,
warmosaxvaSi ki didi nana TandaTanobiT gardasxeul- romelni mogmarTaven Sen... Sena xar mosamarTle Zli-
da mzed, anu mze iqca deda-uflad. mama-RvTaeba ki mT- erTa da sustTa!~
vares daukavSirda2. SumerebSi mzis RvTaebis uTus simbolo _ xaria
(aqad. SamaSi), xolo qalRmerTi ninTuri, anu inana (aqad.
iSTari) uTus daa _ aisisa da daisis ganmasaxierebe-
1 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. t. 1. Tb. 1979., gv. 120.Y li, mas mTavar deda-RvTaebadac miiCnevdnen Sumerebi,
2 aqedan iRebs, uTuod, saTaves TeTri giorgis kulti pontosa da
nayofierebisa da gamravlebis mfarvelad. indra mzis
Zvel kolxeTSi. Semdeg igi Secvala wminda giorgim da qarTul sax-
RvTaeba iyo indoeTSi, xolo agni samebas warmoad-
elmwifo droSaze TeTr cxenze amxedrebul raindad gamoisaxa. sax-
elmwifo beWedzec giorgi daiwera da misi saxelobis 365 saydari genda (mze, cecxli, elva). Zveli induri Tqmulebebi
aigo. avt.
8 9
laparakoben mzisa da mTvaris dinastiebze. pirveli mrisxane da Zlevamosili mefe, `romelsac qveynad ve-
dinastiis mefeebi mzis Svilebi iyvnen, meoreni _ mTva- ravin gautoldeba~ _ mzis Svilia: `...da mzis RvTaebis
risa. induri eposis mahabharatas mTavari brZola mim- Svilis garSemo cxovrobs kolxebis uricxvi tomi~.
dinareobs pandavebsa _ mzis Svilebsa da kauravebs _ aietis sabrZanisi mzis samefos warmoadgenda1 (sx-
mTvaris Svilebs Soris. am gigantur eposSi kauravebi vaTa Soris, kolxTa mzis Svilobis tradicia didxans
imarjveben. arjuna _ mzis ciklis mefeTa STamomavali, cocxlobda sxvadasxva xalxebSi, am mxriv sayuradRe-
Camogdebulia taxtidan da gaZevebuli. indoelebis rw- boa germaneli poetis fridrix holderlinis (1770-
meniT, kurus velze gamarTul brZolaSi gadawyda mTe- 1843 w.) leqsi `mogzauroba~. germaneli mSoblebi Tavi-
li kacobriobis bedi, radgan am periodidan, anu mzis anT Svilebs agzavnian mzis SvilebTan _ kavkasiaSi. jer
SvilTa damarcxebiT iwyeba bneli periodi (kaliuga). undoblad Sexvdebian mosulni da damxvdurni _ mzis
sayuradReboa, rom indur eposSi (da, saerTod, in- SvilTa STamomavalni _ erTmaneTs, Semdeg ki siyvaru-
doevropelTa miTologiaSi) mze _ gansxvavebiT qar- liT CamoarTmeven xels, iaraRs gacvlian da daZmobil-
Tulisgan _ mamakacuri sawyisebis matarebelia, xolo debian.2
bnelis, anu qaluris _ mTvarea. berZnul TqmulebaSi aseve xazgasmiT aris miTiTe-
iranuli ahura-mazda _ keTilisa da naTlis Semo- buli aietis dis _ kirkes mziuri buneba. mSvenierku-
qmedi, uSualod mze ki ar aris, aramed RvTis sityvaa, lulebiani, saxenaTeli kirke, anu circea heliosis
Zea. misi Seqmnilia mze da mze xatia im sulieri arsebi- qaliSvilia.
sa, mziuri sityvisa, anu ahura-mazdasi. `orfikul argonavtikaSic~ gamokveTilia aietis _
miTra cis naTelia, ormuzdis Tesli, nivTieri heliosis Zis mziuri buneba da xasiaTi. rodesac aieti
sinaTlisa da cecxlis dasabami. mze ezoTerul uaxlovdeba argonavtebs, igi abrmavebs maT Tavisi aR-
moZRvrebaSi mxolod garegani, uxeSi anareklia am Wurvilobis brwyinvalebiT. kirkec aseve damabrameve-
sinaTlisa (falaurad mzes erqva xvar. qalis saxeli beli sxivebiT elavs: `kirkes Tavze cecxlis isrebis
xvaramze niSnavs mzeTa mzes). dari Tmebi edga (mzisSvilobis simbolo, misi niSani),
berZnul miTologiaSi apoloni sinaTles ganasax- lamazi saxe ubrwyinavda, xolo misi sunTqva irgvliv
ierebs, goniersa da aranivTiers, saidanac momdin- elvare naTels afrqvevda~.
areobs yoveli WeSmatireba da romlis fizikuri su- mzis Svilebi erTmaneTs TvalebiT cnoben, `radgan
raT-xatia xiluli mze. mzis kulti gavrcelda romSic. mzis RmerTis memkvidreebi afrqveven TiTqos sx-
mze da imperatori erTi bunebisani iyvnen da Tanabrad ivebs Soridan da es niSani sagvareulo iyo ioli
uZlevelni; sakulto mzes erqva sol invietus _ uZleveli gamosacnobi~.3
mze. 174 w. markus avreliusma aago sol invietus-is taZari.
iaponelebSi mze _ Sinto (diaci) winaparia mefeTa.
1 aieti `mokvdavTa manaTobels~ niSnavs berZnulad. meore versiiT
...Zveli berZnebi faziss mzis Svilad miiCnevdnen,
_ aia-els. akaki wereTeli Taviseburad xsnis mas: ia-Ta mefeo. - avt.
kolxni ki fazisis Svilebi iyvnen. aieti _ kolxTa 2 S. reviSvili. germanul-qarTuli etiudebi. Tb. 1977., gv. 139;
3 apolonios rodoseli, argonavtika. Targ. m. gelovanisa, Tb. 1977w.
10 11
...mzes bevri xalxi eTayvaneboda, magram mze _ deda- dideba mzesa da mzis mimyol angelozTa, dideba
RvTaeba cotas hyolia. im cotaSi Cvenc SevdivarT, qa- mzis yvela angelozsao, _ iloceboda kolx-iberi. qa-
rTvelebi, da es ar aris SemTxveviTi ambavi. didi nana rTul wes-CveulebaSi Caileqa es Tayvaneba. qarTuli
_ samyaros RmerTi _ miwis, wylisa da cis meufe _ Wiakokona mzeze gadaxtomaa samjer, marjvniv Semo-
bruneba _ mzesTan dakavSireba.
gardaisaxa mzed, romelic qalad hyavda warmosaxuli
mzis silamazem qarTul sacxovrisSic SemoanaTa.
Cvens ers. kolx-iberis fsiqika, misi sulieri wyoba,
glexuri dedaboZi sakulto nagebobac gaxldaT amave
rogorc Cans, vera da ver Seelia Tavis did nanas, sik-
dros. darbazis centrSi idga sveti _ cxovrebis xe,
eTis, siyvarulis, sicocxlis da mSvenierebis wyarod
xolo svetis Tavze gamosaxuli iyo wriulad ganfeni-
rom hyavda miCneuli, mis saxe-xatebas warmoadgenda.
li mzis sxivebi. es iyo borjRali _ mzis qarTuli sim-
`hoi lilevoda, dideba Senda, zeciero, dideba Sen-
bolo, iseve, rogorc Caumqrali kera ganasaxierebda
da~, ugalobda igi didebul mnaTobs.
maradiul cecxls (anu dedamiwis, mzisa da wylebis qa-
mzeo, Cveno dido dedav, Cveno lamazo nanav, gvacxe lRvTaeba _ didi deda ganxorcielebuli iyo keraSi).1
Seni mironi, gvakurTxe Seni madliT, gagvaTbe da gagvax- vazis mtevnebia gamosaxuli Cveni taZrebis kedle-
vie Sens sxivosan, naTel CqeralSi... _ SesTxovdnen qa- bze. mzis simboloebi: lomebi, toraweuli cxenebi,
lRvTaebas gulmxurvaled: _ gevedrebiT, male amodi. irmebi, xaris Tavebi, jvari, svastika, vazi da sxv. _
gorebs nu efarebi. Cqara mogvfine Seni oqrosferi sx- gvxvdeba uZveles balTebze, culebze, svetisTavebis
ivebi. Cqara, Torem uSenod sisxli gveyineba ZarRvebSi, ornamentebze, TrialeTur Tasze, qarTul naqargobe-
bze, Zvel xelnawerebSi, freskebze da a.S. borjRali,
Cqara mogvaSvele Seni Suqmfinari sxivebis mxurvale-
mze da xaris Tavebia amotvifruli kolxTa monete-
ba; Seni didi wyaloba gviboZe, Cveno dauRlelo dido
bze, salocavebsa Tu Cveulebriv sayofacxovrebo sa-
nanav, rom marad Jams gvfaravdes da gvicavdes Seni
gnebze. mzis simboloebiT aris moxatuli daviT aR-
xateba, Seni aurwyavi da auwonavi madli da sikeTe.
maSeneblis samosi gelaTis freskaze.
Seni naTlulebia Cveni lamazi qalwulebi, Seni na-
mtevanSi Casul mzis Tvals wuravda qarTveli
texebia Cveni mzeWabukebi... Sens saxels ficuloben
kaci da mzegrZelobas, mzekeTilobas usurvebda
Cveni mzeqalebi, mziebi, mzisaxarebi, mzevinarebi, iaT-
TanamoZmes, mere jamiT svamda mzis am naJurs da kv-
amzeebi, pirimzeebi, Seni oqrosTmiani da saxenaTeli lav da kvlav ena-mzianad adRegrZelebda Sinaursa
modgma. Tu gareSes, mokeTesa Tu axlobels, stumarsa Tu
`mzev Sina da mzev gareTa, mzev Sin Semodio~, _ um- maspinZels... mzis madli ar mogklebodeTo, ilocebo-
Reroda Svils qarTveli deda da Tavis samyofelSi Semo- da, xolo mters mzis dabnelebiT emuqreboda.
brZanebas evedreboda RvTaebas, yrmis sulSi davane- mze uSurveli iyo, mowyale, dauRleli. dauRleli
bas SesTxovda: `morTia Cxanaia, Tolef obarCxalaia~, mzis madlmao, Cemma mzemao, ficulobda da mtkiced
_ modi, mzeo (mziano dReo), TvalebbarCxala mzeo!. 1 qarTveli mTielebi mzes, rogorc RmerTs, Tayvans scemdnen sul
ukanasknel dromde, meoce saukuneSic. - avt.
12 13
swamda mzis niadag mRviZaroba. mTvare mamad egule- cxovrebis saTaveSi dedakaci idga. amitomac mzis Rv-
boda. igi TeTrosani iyo, myife, civi da mainc axlo- Taeba daisaxa, rogorc qali-RmerTi, anu mze miCneul
beli, mSobliuri (`TuTa axali, RoronT si gumaaxali~ iqna did dedad, sxva RmerTebis dedad.
_ axalo mTvarev, RmerTo, Sen gamaaxleo, SesTxovda
mnaTobs), uTvalavi, Tvalebbriala varskvlavebi ki
da-Zmani iyvnen. ***
mzes, mTvares da sxva ciur mnaTobebs TavianTi gan- mecnierTa umetesobis azriT, ZvelberZnuli
Tqmuleba argonavtebze Cveni qveynis namdvil cxovre-
sakuTrebuli dReebi hqondaT miCneuli SvideulSi _
basa da bunebis anareklzea aSenebuli, rom igi `erT-
TavianTi dRe-saswaulebi. bJa-Sxa (bJaS-dRa _ mzis
erT ucxo saistorio wyarod iTvleba saqarTvelos
dRe) kvira iyo, orSabaTi _ TuTaS-xa (TuTaS-dRa)
istoriisaTvis~. (a. uruSaZe). swored am uZveles ber-
_ mTvaris dRe. mnaTobebs TavianTi qurumebi _ max-
Znul TqmulebaSi warmoCinda pirvelad mTeli Tavisi
vamurebi _ mlocvelni hyavdaT _ bJalavebi, TuTaS-
brwyinvalebiTa da didebulebiT qarTveli qalebis
xiebi, Cxolariebi, mircxulavebi (megr. Cxola-ra _
saxe-xateba.
mzis sxivebia, muricxi _ varskvlavi. albaT, aqedanaa:
am Tqmulebis mixedviT kirke, anu circe _ kolx-
uricxvi), romelTac daisakuTres cis qurumebis _
eTis mefe aietis grZneuli da _ heliosis qaliSvil-
caavebis adgili.
ia.1 amasTan, igi Tavad aris sapatio RmerTqali, enat-
aTaswleulebSi, Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda
kbili, Tvalebmziani. kirke kunZul aiaias mflobelia,
mnaTobebTan dakavSirebuli misteriebi da qurumTa
kunZuli aiaia ki gariJraJis savanea. aq, aisze Sobili
saqmianoba. maTi STamomavlebi dResac cocxloben,
eosis sasaxleSi ewyoba ferxuli: `da mze qveyniere-
TumcaRa gvarebs Tu SemounaxavT winaprebis moRvaweo-
bas iqidan anaTebs~. aq, dedamiwis sferos ukidures
bis kvali, sityvebSi Tu Caleqila odindeli, uxsovari
dasavleTSi, hesperiis baRebia. amqveyniuri samoTxis
drois sakraluri mniSvnelobis Semcveli mcnebani anu: am baRebSi, Zveli miTebis Tanaxmad, xarobda saucxoo
qarTvelebSi mzis _ mzeqalis gaRmerTeba _ ZirZveli oqros vaSlebi, romlebic geam aCuqa heras qorwilis
tradiciis mqonea. mze _ viTarca deda-RmerTi _ qar- dRes. am baRs gveleSapi daepatrona. heraklem gve-
Tuli warmarTuli panTeonis saTaveSi idga winaqris- leSaps Tavi mohkveTa da vaSlis ramdenime nayofi
tianul xanaSic. uZveles safexurze swored mze unda wamoiRo. xolo pirmSvenieri, grZneuli kirke heli-
yofiliyo mTavari RmerTi, deda-RmerTi. osma Tavisi etliT gadaiyvana hesperiaSi da kunZulis
da es bunebrivia, radgan qarTvelur tomTa, anu mflobeloba Caabara. aia antikuri xanis moRvaweebs,
qaldevelTa _ meurneobis mTavar, wamyvan dargs mi- Cveulebriv, kolxeTis teritoriaze egulebodaT. igi
waTmoqmedeba Seadgenda. xolo miwaTmoqmedi xalx-
1 akaki wereTlis mosazrebiT _ kirkea-circea miRebulia Tir-
isTvis cis mnaTobTa Soris mTavari, cxadia, mze iyo.
visgan. Tirva-gaTirva _ gaqvavebas niSnavs. TirTeas, anu circeas
im Soreul xanaSi qarTvelur tomTa sazogadoebrivi swored rom SeeZlo adamianis ara mxolod Rorad qceva, aramed misi
gaqvavebac (a. wereTeli Txz. sr. kr. 1957w. gv. 492.).
14 15
troisa da mikenis epoqaSi arsebul Soreul da idumal amxanagebs daixsni da Senc daiRupebi, magram, raki ar
qveynad miaCndaT. zogi mkvlevaris azriT, aia-argo- iSli, mogcem iseT wamals, kirkes jadosgan rom Tavi
navtebis Tqmulebis uZveles versiaSi, iseve, rogorc gadairCinoo. da marTlac, hermesis wyalobiT, odis-
aiaie homerosTan, jer kidev ar iyo gaigivebuli kolx- evsi aicilebs amxanagebis xvedrs. gaognebuli kirke
eTTan da igi zRaprul da mziur qveynad gaiazreboda ekiTxeba: `odisevsi xar? gamovlili cecxlsa da wy-
sadRac Soreul aRmosavleTSi, rom kolxeTTan aiaias alSi? hermesma, oqroskverTxianma, mravaljer miTxra,
dakavSireba SedarebiT mogvianebiT, yovel SemTxveva- Saosan gemiT aq troadan gamogivliso~.
Si, homerosis epoqis Semdeg unda momxdariyo da a.S.
odisevsi, hermesis darigebisamebr, bolomde ar en-
rom TiTqos berZnebs swamdaT dasavleTis, anu kirkes,
doba kirkes da mxolod mas Semdeg, rac uvneblobis
da aRmosavleTis, anu aietis _ aias arseboba. `odis-
fics CamoarTmevs, dahyveba mis neba-survils da gaizi-
eas~ mixedviT ki aiaia dasavleTSi _ tirseniis zRvaSi
arebs masTan sarecels.
ki ar aris sagulvebeli, aramed swored aRmosavleTSi.
miTebis Tanaxmad, kirkes da odisevis Svili _ ro-
anu: msoflio misteriebis centrSi _ kolxeTSi1
manosi _ miCneulia laTinTa mamamTavrad, romis dam-
homerosis `odiseaSi~ kirkes brwyinvale sasaxles
aarseblad. hesiodes mixedviT ki hiperionid helio-
mTis mglebi da lomebi icaven. kirkes anu circes _
sis asulma suliT Zlier odisevsTan SekavSirebulma
jadosgan monusxulni, isini ZaRlebiviT laquciT ege-
`Sva agriosi da latinosi, uzado da Zlevamosili, te-
bebian adamianebs.
legonec Sva oqros afrodites meSveobiT. isini Zalze
....lamazTmiani kirke RmerTebis mier Seqmnil daz-
Sors, kunZulTa siRrmeSi yvela... tirsenielze mefo-
gas gars uvlis amo simReriT da ukvdavTaTvis Sesaf-
ben~. am miTebis mixedviT, mcire azia, xmelTaSua zRvis
eris qsovilebs qsovs.
auzis sanapiroebi da kunZulebi kolxur areals gane-
swored am sasaxleSi gadaaqcevs kirke Rorebad
kuTvnebian. am miTebSi, rogorc Cans, airekla is viTa-
odisevsisgan gamogzavnil ocdaaT kacs da saRoreSi
Serekavs. odisevss, romelic amxanagebis dasaxsne- reba, rac aq berZnebis mosvlamde iyo.1
lad moeSureba, win hermesi gadaudgeba. rogorc cno- xolo TviT sityva argoSi, prof. s. jiqias mosaz-
bilia, berZnul miTologiaSi hermesi ganasaxierebs rebiT, Semonaxulia tomobrivi eTnonimi: m-arg-al-i2.
bunebis yovlismZle Zalebs. igi olimpielTa macnea, cnobilia, rom evbeoss makrialis kunZuls, anu mak-
zevsis moambe, mgzavrTa da mogzaurTa mfarveli da ronTa kunZuls eZaxdnen. xolo, Tu imasac gaviTval-
Semwe, xolo, zogierTi miTis Tanaxmad, hermesi aci- iswinebT, rom berZnebis gamoCenamde pelazgia ewode-
lebs hadesSi micvalebulTa sulebs. elinistur peri- boda mTel naxevarkunZuls da rom Tavad pelazgebi
odSi hermesi gaaigives Zv. egviptur sibrZnis RmerT- araberZnuli, araindoevropuli modgmis xalxi iyo,
Tan _ ToTTan. hermesi afrTxilebs odisevss, verc maSin ufro da ufro gasagebi xdeba argonavtebze
1 ak. uruSaZe. Zv. kolxeTi argonavtebis TqmulebaSi. Tb. 1969 w.
1 kolxeTis misteriis simbolikaSi mTavar rols ia-sTan erTad 2 margali _ megrelebis TviT saxelwodeba _ sityvasityviT niS-
vardi da jvari ikavebs. - avt. navs-damrgvels. - avt.
16 17
Tqmulebis arsi. `kvlevis Tanamedrove doneze sul gza, rameTu kirkesTan gamocdis gavla moaswaveb-
ufro da ufro naTeli xdeba, rom qarTveluri kom- da xangrZlivi moralur-eTikuri Semzadebis ufro
ponenti erT-erTi arsebiTi unda yofiliyo Zv.w. maRal safexurze asvlas. umaRles codnas naziarebi
meore aTaswleulis egeosuri, dasavleTmediter- adamianebi erTiandebodnen e.w. misteriebSi, romelTa
anuli calkeuli kulturisa da enis Camoyalibebis praqtika ucnobi iyo xalxisTvis da Seuvali. `mis-
procesSi~.1 teriebSi ziarebulT eZleodaT iniciaciis, sulis
....odisevsis daJinebuli TxovniT, kirke kvlav ada- uzenaesi naTelRebis gza. es iyo xangrZlivi moralur-
mianebad aqcevs `cxra wlis taxebs~ damsgavsebul mis eTikuri Semzadebisa da winaswari gamocdebis gavla,
amxanagebs. romelic miT ufro Semzaravi iyo cnobierebisaTvis,
rac ufro maRali safexuri unda gaxsnoda mowafes~1
mxolod erTi wlis Semdeg kirke nebas rTavs odis-
zogi mkvlevaris azriT, idumali, anu okultizmis
evss, datovos sasaxle, oRond erTi pirobiT _ odisev-
kerebi arsebobda Zveli msoflios yvela mniSvnelovan
si unda Cavides hadesSi da moinaxulos tiresias suli.
qveyanaSi, uwinaresad ki _ saqarTveloSi (`kolxuri
Tavzardacemuli odisevsi tirils morTavs _ hades-
misteriebi:~). `kolxeTidan oqros sawmisis gataceba
Si Casvla xom ueWvel sikvdils niSnavda. magram kirkes
berZnebis mier simbolurad unda gavigoT, rogorc
daxmarebiT odisevsi mSvidobianad brundeba hadesidan.
misterialuri codnis waReba, romelic adre dakarg-
ezoTeruli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, RvTaebrivi odi-
es berZnebma da im droisaTvis mxolod kolxeTSi iyo
sea sxva araferia, Tu ara rigi metamorfozebisa, sa-
SemorCenili~.2 da saerTod, orfizmi emyareba dio-
dac TiToeuli forma Sedegia winare arsebulisa da
nises kults, kerZod, miTs dionises titanebis mier
amave dros safexuria momdevnosi. maSasadame, kirke-
daglejis Sesaxeb... orfizmis mixedviT, adamianis bedi
sTan yofna, misi davalebiT hadesSi Casvla ukve `ce-
igivea, rac tanjuli RmerTisa (dionisesi), mxolod
cxlsa da wyalSi~, anu misteriebSi gamovlili odis-
adamiani mTlianad dionisesgan ki ar aris Seqmnili,
evsis sulisTvis axal, ufro maRal safexurze asvlas
aramed misi mdabali bunebaa `titanuri~, imisaTvis,
unda niSnavdes. amdenad, kirkem aziara igi umaRles si-
rom RmerTs daubrundes, adamiani unda ganiwmindos...
brZnes da WeSmaritebas. odisevsis mxleblebi, raki ar
argonavtebis marSruti, romelic savsea faTerakebiT,
iyvnen gacnobilni misteriebis saidumloebas, kirkem
SesaniSnav `gansawmendels warmoadgens.~
Rorebad aqcia, anu datova mxolod qvena bunebis, anu
materialuri yofierebis dabal safexurze.
rakiRa `odisea~ ara marto wminda wylis liter-
aturul, aramed religiuri TvalsazrisiT Seqmnil
Txzulebad miaCniaT, odisevsis xifaTiT savse mogza-
urobac, ezoTeruli moZRvrebis mixedviT, SeiZleba
ganvixiloT, rogorc iniciaciis gza, gansawmendelis
1 `orfikuli argonavtika~. gv. 68.
1 r. gordeziani. etruskuli da qarTveluri enebi. Tb. 1981 w. gv. 64. 2 z. gamsaxurdia. kritikuli werilebi. Tb., 1977.
18 19