Dark Paradise: A History of Opiate Addiction in America PDF
Preview Dark Paradise: A History of Opiate Addiction in America
Dark Paradise DARK PARADISE A History of Opiate Addiction in America David T. Courtwright Harvard University Press Cambridge,MassachusettsandLondon,England 2001 Copyright©1982,2001bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollege Allrightsreserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica ThisbookisanenlargededitionofDarkParadise:OpiateAddictionin Americabefore1940,publishedin1982byHarvardUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Courtwright,DavidT.,1952– Darkparadise:ahistoryofopiateaddictioninAmerica/ DavidT.Courtwright.—Enl.ed. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-674-00585-6(pbk:alk.paper) 1.Opiumhabit—UnitedStates—History. 2.Opium—Therapeuticuse—History. 3.Morphinehabit. 4.Heroinhabit. 5.Narcoticaddicts—History. 6.Opiumtrade—Lawandlegislation—UnitedStates—History. I.Title. [DNLM:1.Narcoticdependence—History—UnitedStates.] HV5816.C6482001 362.29(cid:1)3(cid:1)0973—dc21 2001016547 Tomywife, ShelbyMiller Weaveacircleroundhimthrice, Andcloseyoureyeswithholydread, Forheonhoney-dewhathfed, AnddrunkthemilkofParadise. —Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Kubla Khan” Acknowledgments IamdeeplyindebtedtoHaroldM.Hyman,AllenJ.Matusow,WilliamC. Martin,AlbertVanHelden,MartinJ.Wiener,RichardJ.Smith,DavidW. Martin,TerryandCarolParssinen,GeraldN.Grob,BarbaraRosenkrantz, MichaelGross,WilliamI.Bennett,SusanWallace,andVivianB.Wheeler fortheiradvice,criticism,andsupportatvariousstagesintheevolutionof this book. Generous financial assistance was provided by Rice University, theInstitutefortheMedicalHumanitiesoftheUniversityofTexasMedi- calBranchatGalveston,theUniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealth, andtheNationalEndownmentfortheHumanities.Iparticularlywantto thank Chester R. Burns and Reuel A. Stallones for making possible ex- tendedperiodsofuninterruptedresearchandwriting. Librarians Inci Bowman, Manfred Waserman, Ferne Hyman, Charles Gibson, Dick Perrine, and Barbara Kyle patiently answered all manner of questions;withequalpatienceAnn-MarieVermillion,KathrynHunt,Wil- liam Pinkston, Jesse Amos, Susan Pridmore, Kay Flowers, Anne Krum, andPhyllisBurgerfilledamultitudeofrequestsfornumerousinterlibrary loans.MyaccesstoimportantTreasuryDepartmentdocumentswasfacili- tatedbyRussAruslan,DarrellSkaggs,andLindaVettorioftheDrugEn- forcementAdministration.SylviaRoss,GayRobertson,BettyHall,Caro- lynMallery,BarbaraFredieu,CarolRoark,andHarrietBaggishprovided clericalassistance;JohnC.Hubbardsuppliedthegraphics.Specialthanks are due my wife, Shelby Miller, and my good friend Patricia Toomey for longhoursspenthelpingmetoreadoverthemanuscript. Somebookshavethegoodfortunetobetwiceborn.AidaDonald,Eliza- beth Suttell, and Kate Brick served as midwives the second time around. The University of North Florida provided research support; Teresa St. John assisted me with new illustrations; and Paul Fishbein and Eric Schneiderofferedtimelycriticismandadvicefortheexpandededition. Contents Preface,2001 xi ANoteonTerminologyandSpelling xv Introduction 1 1 TheExtentofOpiateAddiction 9 2 AddictiontoOpiumandMorphine 35 3 AddictiontoSmokingOpium 61 4 AddictiontoHeroin 85 5 TheTransformationoftheOpiateAddict 110 6 HeroininPostwarAmerica 145 7 TheDrugWars 161 Appendix:AddictionRateandCitySize 186 Abbreviations 187 Notes 189 Bibliography 271 Index 317
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