This page intentionally left blank LANDMARKS OF WORLD LITERATURE Dante TheDivineComedy LANDMARKSOFWORLDLITERATURE–SECONDEDITIONS MurasakiShikibu:TheTaleofGenji–RichardBowring Aeschylus:TheOresteia–SimonGoldhill Virgil:TheAeneid–K.W.Gransden,neweditioneditedby S.J.Harrison Homer:TheOdyssey–JasperGriffin Dante:TheDivineComedy–RobinKirkpatrick Milton:ParadiseLost–DavidLoewenstein Camus:TheStranger–PatrickMcCarthy Joyce:Ulysses–VincentSherry Homer:TheIliad–MichaelSilk Chaucer:TheCanterburyTales–WinthropWetherbee DANTE The Divine Comedy ROBIN KIRKPATRICK cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521832304 © Cambridge University Press 1987, 2004 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2004 isbn-13 978-0-511-16388-3 eBook (ebrary) isbn-10 0-511-16388-6 eBook (ebrary) isbn-13 978-0-521-83230-4 hardback isbn-10 0-521-83230-6 hardback isbn-13 978-0-521-53994-4 paperback isbn-10 0-521-53994-3 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. ToPatrickBoyde andtothememoryof KenelmFoster Contents Acknowledgements pageviii Listofabbreviations ix Chronology x 1 ApproachestoTheDivineComedy 1 2 Change,visionandlanguage:theearlyworksand InfernoCantoTwo 21 3 TheDivineComedy 55 TheInferno 57 ThePurgatorio 78 TheParadiso 94 4 AfterDante 110 Guidetofurtherreading 115 vii Acknowledgements The dedication of this book records a debt of gratitude which all studentsofTheDivineComedynowshare;onlyIknowhowsmalla returnIamabletomakehereforthekindnessandadviceIhave enjoyed.Iamverygratefultotheeditorofthisseries,PeterStern, andtoTerryMooreoftheCambridgeUniversityPress,especiallyfor theirtactfulassistanceinmyattemptstoreconcileconcisionand clarity. IthankYesheZangmoforherinterventionatmanyfraughtmo- ments in the preparation of the typescript. Above all, I thank my wife,WaiHeung,formediatingwiththeutmostcarebetweenthe demandsofDante,author,PressandComputer. viii
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