Dale's pharmacology condensed.

179 Pages·2021·10.406 MB·English

by  C. P. Page

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2015v1.0
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DALE’S
Pharmacology
CONDENSED
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THIRD EDITION
DALE’S
Pharmacology
CONDENSED
Clive Page Simon Pitchford
OBE, PhD BSc, PhD
Director, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology
Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science King's College London
King's College London, London, United Kingdom
London, United Kingdom
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Copyright © 2021 by Elsevier LTD. All rights reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted 2004 and 2009
The right of Clive Page and Simon Pitchford to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them
in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance
Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid
advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages
should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors
or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
ISBN: 978-0-7020-7818-7
Content Strategist: Alexandra Mortimer
Content Development Specialist: Rae Robertson/Kevin Travers
Publishing Services Manager: Shereen Jameel
Senior Project Manager: Kamatchi Madhavan
Design: Patrick Ferguson
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Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents
1 Preface 2 17 Drugs and the endocrine and metabolic systems 92
2 Pharmacology, drug names and classification 18 Drugs and the renal system 102
systems 3
19 Drugs and the pulmonary system 104
3 G eneral principles of drug action 5
20 Drugs and the musculoskeletal system 107
4 M olecular aspects of drug action 11
21 Drugs and the gastrointestinal tract 110
5 P harmacokinetic and other factors influencing drug
22 Drugs and the genitourinary system 112
action 18
23 Drugs and the skin 113
6 P harmacodynamics and the measurement of drug
action 26
24 Drugs and the eye 118
7 D rug discovery and the development of small
25 Drugs and the ear 120
molecules 31
26 Drugs used in anaesthesia 123
8 D rug discovery and the development of
biologicals 34 27 Drug use in disorders of nutrition 127
9 D rug safety, toxicology and 28 Drug use in dentistry 128
pharmacovigilance 39
29 Antiviral drugs 134
10 R egulation of drug use 41
30 Antibacterial drugs 137
11 O utline of transmission and drug action in the
31 Antifungal drugs 144
nervous system 42
32 Drugs and parasites: anti-protozoal and
12 D rugs and neurological disorders 56
anti-helminthic drugs 145
13 D rugs and pain 67
33 Drugs and cancer 148
14 D rugs and the cardiovascular system 70
34 Prescribing and personalizing drug treatments 151
15 D rugs and blood: haematopoiesis and
35 Venoms, toxins, poisons and herbs 153
haemostasis 80
36 Drug dependence and drug abuse 156
16 D rugs and the inflammatory and immune
response 86 Index 159
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DALE’S
Pharmacology
CONDENSED
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1
Preface
Pharmacology Condensed has been written as a companion vol- just as small chemical entities are. We have given the subject of
ume to Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology. Each theme has been antibody discovery and development the same prominence at the
condensed to a few pages to enable students to retrieve the most front of the textbook (rather than the back) as that of traditional
pertinent concepts and facts quickly. We consider an understand- small molecules, especially given the expansion of biologics from
ing of pharmacology is best gained by appreciating the integrative inflammatory and autoimmune disorders to cancer therapy and
nature of body systems, and thus we have arranged the chapters beyond: for example, the current interest in inflammation and
here to represent this learning context that is nicely represented neurodegeneration, or the worrying issue of increased antibiotic
in further detail in Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology and Integrated resistance. A pharmacologist in the twenty-first century therefore
Pharmacology by Page et al. As such, chapter headings, and some needs to understand immunology and antibody design to the same
figures and tables, where pertinent, have been utilized from these extent that pharmacologists are knowledgeable about physiology
textbooks to make their cross-reference obvious and intentional. and drug actions on the nervous system.
We have made some minor changes to this edition to highlight Pharmacology is an applied discipline that has mathematical
at the front of the book the processes a research team has under- principles based on the physics of molecular interactions (the Hill-
taken to discover and develop a drug. We have also highlighted Langmuir equation) at the core. We encourage readers of this book
the safety and toxicology assessment of any new drug, regulatory to remember that whilst pharmacology, as a biological subject, is
law, and pharmacovigilance once approved. By doing this we based on experimentation via scientific method to observe actions,
hope the reader understands that pharmacology is a dynamic, live the concepts and predictive qualities are based firmly on logic, and
discipline and the application of the principles of pharmacology to embrace this will serve to improve understanding of receptor
are requisite to the continued successful introduction of efficacious theory (molecular physics), signalling processes (functional selec-
and safe drugs for use as medicines. This occurs through the con- tivity and biased agonism), and modelling of tissue and whole
tinual challenge of predicting drug tolerability via the prism of the body integrated responses (quorum sensing of cell populations).
therapeutic index. Any research into the number of US Food and As with the previous edition of Pharmacology Condensed, our
Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for novel chemical enti- aim is to pinpoint the essential aspects of pharmacology in a precise
ties and biologicals over the last 25 years will prove to the reader manner so that the reader has the confidence to recall or research
that this period of drug discovery is as buoyant and exciting as more detailed material. This approach might be useful for anyone
any time preceding it. Biologicals, and specifically antibodies, are preparing for examinations, or for scientists in need of reprisal of
a very important and expanding therapeutic consideration and distant and forgotten topics.
therefore a topic that pharmacologists must embrace so that the
characteristics of these molecules can be predicted and assessed Clive Page and Simon Pitchford, London, December 2019
2
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