Dairy goats feeding and nutrition

308 Pages·2008·2 MB·English

by  Antonello Cannas

DAIRY GOATS FEEDING AND NUTRITION
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D G F
AIRY OATS EEDING
N
AND UTRITION
Edited by
Antonello Cannas and Giuseppe Pulina
Department of Animal Science
University of Sassari
Italy
Technical editor and reader of the English translation
Ana Helena Dias Francesconi
Department of Animal Science
University of Sassari
Italy
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CAB International 2008. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
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copyright owners.
Original edition published in Italian under the title:L’alimentazione delle capre
da latteAvenue Media 2005, Bologna, Italy.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dairy goats feeding and nutrition / edited by Antonello Cannas and
Giuseppe Pulina; technical editor and reader of the English translation,
Ana Helena Dias Francesconi.
p. cm.
“Original edition published in Italian under the title:
L’alimentazione delle capre da latte, Avenue Media 2005, Bologna, Italy.”
ISBN 978-1-84593-348-7 (alk. paper)
1. Goats--Feeding and feeds. 2. Goats--Nutrition. I. Cannas,
Antonello. II. Pulina, Giuseppe. III. Francesconi, Ana Helena Dias. IV. Title.
SF384.3.D35 2008
636.3'9142--dc22
2007024282
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 348 7
Typeset by AMA DataSet Ltd, UK.
Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles, King’s Lynn.
CCoonntteennttss
Contents
Biographical Details of the Authors vii
1 Nutrition and Quality of Goat’s Milk 1
G. Pulina, A. Nudda, G. Battacone, S. Fancellu and
A.H.D. Francesconi
2 Mathematical Modelling of Goat Lactation Curves 31
N.P.P. Macciotta, C. Dimauro, R. Steri and A. Cappio-Borlino
3 Lipids of Goat’s Milk: Origin, Composition and
Main Sources of Variation 47
M. Mele, A. Buccioni, A. Serra, M. Antongiovanni and P. Secchiari
4 Protein Components of Goat’s Milk 71
G.F. Greppi, P. Roncada and R. Fortin
5 Aromatic and Nutritional Quality of Goat’s Milk 95
V. Fedele
6 Energy and Protein Requirements of Goats 118
A. Cannas, A.S. Atzori, F. Boe and I.A.M.A. Teixeira
7 Feed Intake 147
M. Avondo, L. Biondi, R.I. Pagano, A. Bonanno and L. Lutri
8 Foraging Behaviour and Intake of Goats Browsing on
Mediterranean Shrublands 161
M. Decandia, M.D. Yiakoulaki, G. Pinna, A. Cabiddu and G. Molle
v
vi Contents
9 Grazing Management of Dairy Goats on Mediterranean
Herbaceous Pastures 189
A. Bonanno, V. Fedele and A. Di Grigoli
10 Feeding Management of Dairy Goats in Intensive Systems 221
L. Rapetti and L. Bava
11 Goat Nutrition for Fibre Production 238
A. Di Trana and L. Sepe
12 Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases 263
C. Stelletta, M. Gianesella and M. Morgante
Index 289
BBiiooggrraapphhiiccaall DDeettaaiillss ooff tthhee AAuutthhoorrss
Biographical Details of the
Authors
Mauro Antongiovanni ([email protected]) is Full Professor of
Animal Nutrition and Feeding at the Department of Animal Science of the
University of Florence, Italy, where he teaches a course on Animal Nutrition
andFeeding.HehasdegreesinChemistryandAgriculturalSciencefromthe
University of Florence. He has conducted research on the associative effects
among feeds in the diet of ruminants, using the comparative slaughter
(ThomsonandCamell)andgasproductiontechniques,andonthemodifica-
tion of the fatty acid profile of milk and its products in dairy animals. He has
also evaluated the in vivo digestibility and estimated the nutritional value,
using the INRA method, of the most common ruminant feeds in Italy.
AlbertoStanislaoAtzori([email protected])hasadegreeinAgriculturalScience
andTechnology andaPhDinAnimalHusbandryfromtheUniversityofSassari,
Italy. He has conducted research mainly on feeding of small ruminants and
nutrientrequirementsofsheepandgoats.Healsohadtrainingonbreedingand
productive characteristics of the Iberian deer at the Instituto de Investigación en
Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, Experimental Institute on Cynegetic Resources),
Section of Albacete (UCLM, University of Castilla-La Mancha), Spain, and on
breedingsystemsofSardadairysheepattheIstitutoZootecnicoeCaseariodella
Sardegna(IZCS,SardinianInstituteforAnimalHusbandryandDairyFarming),
Italy.
Marcella Avondo ([email protected]) is Full Professor of Animal Husbandry
at the Faculty of Agricultural Science of Catania, Italy. Her main areas of
researcharemethodstoimprovesilagequalityfromforagesandagro-industrial
by-products, and the feeding behaviour of sheep and goats in extensive and
semi-extensive systems, with particular interest in the factors that influence
pastureintakeanddietselection.Atpresent,sheisstudyingtheeffectsofdiet
selection on sheep’s and goat’s milk quality.
GianniBattacone([email protected])isResearcherattheDepartmentofAni-
malScienceoftheUniversityofSassari,Italy.HehasadegreeinAgricultural
vii
viii Biographical Details of the Authors
SciencefromtheUniversityofSassariandaPhDinAnimalHusbandryfrom
the University of Perugia, Italy. His research focuses on the relationship
betweenanimalfeedingandthesafetyandqualityofanimalproductssuchas
milk and meat.
Luciana Bava ([email protected]) has a PhD in Animal Feeding and
TechnologyandisResearcherinAnimalGeneticsandBreedingattheDepart-
ment of Animal Science of the University of Milan, Italy. The main focus of
her research has been the relationships between feeding systems, husbandry
and milk quality of dairy goats and cows. She has also been involved in the
evaluation of milk emission and milking hygiene.
Luisa Biondi ([email protected]) is Associate Professor at the University of
Catania, Italy,andhasaPhDinScienceandTechnologyofAnimalProduc-
tion in Disadvantaged Areas from the University of Bari, Italy. Her main
research field is the relationship between animal production systems and
product quality in sheep. Particular emphasis has been given to the use of
localfeedresourcesandtheireffectsonthenutritionalandnutraceuticalchar-
acteristics of milk and meat.
FilippoBoe([email protected])hasadegreeinAgriculturalScienceandaPhDin
Animal Husbandry from the University of Sassari, Italy. He had a fellowship
from the Department of Animal Science, University of Sassari, to work on
the nutrition of ruminants in organic farms. His research focuses on feeding
and nutrition of small ruminants and on mathematical models for animal
husbandry.
Adriana Bonanno([email protected])isAssociateProfessorofAnimalSci-
enceattheFacultyofAgricultureoftheUniversityofPalermo,Italy.Overtime
her research has dealt with various themes regarding dairy cows, sheep and
goats of local breeds, and rabbit production. Her main fields of interest in
smallruminantshavebeenartificialinseminationandoestrussynchronization,
energyandnutritionalvalueofconventionalsourcesandby-productsinlamb
feeding, and thequality characteristics of dairy and meat products evaluated
as a function of management system and feeding regimen. At present, her
experimentalactivities are focused on studying the effects of conventional or
organicgrazingsystemsonselectivitybehaviour,feedingintake,welfarestatus
and quality of dairy products of sheep and goats.
Arianna Buccioni ([email protected]) has a degree in Chemistry and
aPhDinAnimalSciencefromtheDepartmentofAnimalScienceoftheUni-
versityofFlorence,Italy,whereshecurrentlyhasaresearchcontract.Shehas
conducted research on animal feeding and nutrition, with emphasis on the
lipid metabolism of the rumen and the lipid components of milk and cheese
from sheep, goats and cattle.
Andrea Cabiddu ([email protected]) has a degree in Agricultural Science
fromtheUniversityofPiacenza,Italy,wherehecarriedoutstudiesonrumen
metabolism,especiallyonfibreandproteindegradation. Heis Researcherat
theDepartmentofAnimalProductionofAGRISSardegna,theResearchAgency
oftheSardinianRegion.Heispresentlyworkingontherelationshipbetween
sheep and goats nutrition and milk composition, with particular attention to
the fatty acid composition and other nutraceutical components of the milk.
Biographical Details of the Authors ix
AntonelloCannas([email protected])isFullProfessorofAnimalScienceatthe
Department of Animal Science of the University of Sassari, Italy. He has a
degreeinAgriculturalSciencefromthesameuniversity,andanMScandPhD
inAnimalSciencefromCornellUniversity,Ithaca,NewYork,USA.Heworks
onseveralaspectsrelatedtofeedingandnutritionofsmallruminants,includ-
ing feed evaluation techniques and energy and protein requirements, with
main focus on: the development of prediction equations and models to esti-
materequirementsandanimalperformances;rumenturnoveranditspredic-
tion; urea as a nutritional indicator; and comparative nutrition of small and
largeruminants.HeledthedevelopmentoftheCornellNetCarbohydrateand
Protein System for Sheep and of the Small Ruminant Nutrition System for
sheepandgoats.Atpresentheteachescoursesonsheepandgoatproduction
andonfeedprocessingandevaluationattheFacultyofAgricultureoftheUni-
versity of Sassari.
Aldo Cappio-Borlino ([email protected]) is Associate Professor of Animal
BreedingandGeneticsattheDepartmentofAnimalScienceoftheUniversityof
Sassari, Italy. His main scientific interest lies in the mathematical modelling of
the regular and continuous component of some dynamic processes of great
importanceinthefieldofanimalscience,suchasthetemporalevolutionofmilk
productionandrumendegradationoffeeds.Heproposedanoriginalmodelfor
themathematicaldescriptionofthelactationcurveofdairysheepthathasbeen
cited in several international scientific papers and used by several researchers.
Recentlyhehassuggestedamethodologyforanalysingtimeseriesofmilkyield
andquality,inordertodisentangledeterministicandstochasticcomponents.
Mauro Decandia ([email protected]) has a degree in Agricultural Science
fromtheUniversityofSassari,Italy,andisaResearcherattheDepartmentof
AnimalProductionofAGRISSardegna,theResearchAgencyoftheSardinian
Region. He specialized in the feeding of farm animals at the Institut National
Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INAPG). His expertise is in feeding behaviour,
intakeofnutrients,andmilkyieldandcompositionofgrazingdairysheepand
browsing goats. He has studied the effects of different levels and sources of
supplementsonsheepandgoatperformances.Hehasworkedonthechemi-
calcompositionandnutritiveevaluationofthemainforagespeciesgrazedor
browsed by small ruminants, measuredwith conventional methods and near
infrared spectroscopy.
AntoninoDiGrigoli([email protected])hasadegreeinAgriculturalScience
from the University of Palermo, Italy, and a PhD in Animal Production. At
present,heisResearcherinAnimalScienceattheFacultyofAgricultureofthe
UniversityofPalermoandteachesacourseonnutritionandanimalfeedingat
the same faculty. He has carried out studies targeted at the exploitation of
Siciliancattle,sheepandgoatbreeds,andresearchesontheeffectsoftechni-
cal and managerial factors on the milk and cheese production from grazing
ruminants.Hiscurrentexperimentalactivitiesonsheepandgoatsarefocused
on studying the factors affecting feeding intake and behaviour at pasture.
CorradoDimauro([email protected])isResearcherattheDepartmentofAni-
malScienceoftheUniversityofSassari,Italy.HehasadegreeinPhysicsfrom
the University of Catania, Italy, and has a PhD in Animal Science from the