Daily Life during the French Revolution PDF
Preview Daily Life during the French Revolution
DAILY LIFE DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Recent titles in The Greenwood Press “Daily Life Through History” Series Cooking in America, 1840–1945 Alice L. McLean Cooking in Ancient Civilizations Cathy K. Kaufman Nature and the Environment in Pre-Columbian American Life Stacy Kowtko Science and Technology in Medieval European Life Jeffrey R. Wigelsworth Civilians in Wartime Africa: From Slavery Days to the Rwandan Genocide John Laband, editor Christians in Ancient Rome James W. Ermatinger The Army in Transformation, 1790–1860 James M. McCaffrey The Korean War Paul M. Edwards World War I Jennifer D. Keene Civilians in Wartime Early America: From the Colonial Era to the Civil War David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, editors Civilians in Wartime Modern America: From the Indian Wars to the Vietnam War David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, editors Civilians in Wartime Asia: From the Taiping Rebellion to the Vietnam War Stewart Lone, editor DAILY LIFE DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION JAMES M. ANDERSON The Greenwood Press “Daily Life Through History” Series GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut (cid:129) London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Anderson, James Maxwell, 1933– Daily life during the French Revolution / James M. Anderson. p. cm. — (The Greenwood Press daily life through history series, ISSN: 1080–4749) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–33683–0 (alk. paper) 1. France—History—Revolution, 1789–1799. 2. France—Social conditions— 18th century. I. Title. DC148.A656 2007 944.04—dc22 2006034084 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2007 by James M. Anderson All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006034084 ISBN-10: 0–313–33683–0 ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33683–6 ISSN: 1080–4749 First published in 2007 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The publisher has done its best to make sure the instructions and/or recipes in this book are correct. However, users should apply judgment and experience when preparing recipes, especially parents and teachers working with young people. The publisher accepts no responsibility for the outcome of any recipe included in this volume. For Viv welcome to the world Contents Preface ix Chronology xi Maps xvii 1. The Setting 1 2. Economy 25 3. Travel 41 4. Life at Versailles 51 5. Clothes and Fashion 67 6. Arts and Entertainment 83 7. Family, Food, and Education 103 8. Health, Medicine, and Charity 125 9. Religion 143 10. Women 155 11. Urban Life 173 12. Rural Life 189 13. Military Life 207 viii Contents 14. Law and Order 225 15. Aftermath 239 Appendix 1: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 243 Appendix 2: The Republican Calendar 246 Glossary 249 Bibliography 257 Index 265 Preface For everyone in France, from the king to the lowliest peasant, July 1789 was either exhilarating or ominous. A rare person indeed would have been apathetic or unruffl ed by the social turmoil enveloping the country, for the July events and those that followed laid the foundations of a new society, a new state. T he decisive actions that led to the overthrow of the old order were staged mostly in Paris, although the provinces, where most of the popula- tion resided, played no small part in an escalating crisis. The day-to-day life of the people of that time and place forms the major component of this book. Each chapter adds to a portrait of France before, during, and after the revolution. T he book begins with a geographical overview, followed by a descrip- tion of the country’s diverse political, social, and cultural infl uences and of the major historical events that led to the revolution. Subsequent chap- ters deal with the economy; courtly, aristocratic, urban, and rural life; and details about people of all classes—their anxieties, pleasures, living con- ditions, health care, ethics, charity, and personal experiences; what they wore and ate; what they did to entertain themselves; and the infl uence of the church, crime, and revolutionary propaganda. T he author owes a debt of gratitude to Sherry Anderson, whose perse- verance, encouragement and plain hard work made this book possible. Others who contributed in no small measure were Dr. Siwan Anderson, Dr.
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