area handbook series Cyprus a country study Cyprus a country study Federal Research Division Library of Congress Edited by Eric Solsten Research Completed January 1991 On the cover: Cypriot vase from seventh century B.C. Fourth Edition, First Printing, 1993. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cyprus : a country study / Federal Re—search Division, Library of Congress ; edi—ted by Eric Solsten. 4th ed. p. cm. (Area handbook series, ISSN 1057-5294) (DA pam 550-22) ; "Supersedes the 1980 edition ofCyprus: a country study, — edited by Frederica M. Bunge." T.p. verso. "Research completedJanuary 1991." Includes bibliographical references (pp. 265-279) and index. ISBN 0-8444-0752-6 Fed1e.rCalypRreusse.arcIh. SDoilvsitseino,n.ErIiIcI,. S1e9r4i3es-. I.V.II.SeLriiebsr:arDyAofpCaomngress. ; 550-22. DS54.A3C955 1993 92-36090 956.45—dc20 CIP Headquarters, Department of the Army DA Pam 550-22 ForsalebytheSuperintendentofDocuments, U.S. GovernmentPrintingOffice Washington,DC. 20402 Foreword This volume is one in a continuing series ofbooks prepared by the Federal Research Division ofthe Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program sponsored by the Department of Army. The last page of this book lists the other published studies. Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country, describingand analyzing its political, economic, social, and national security systems and institutions, and examiningthe interrelation- ships of those systems and the ways they are shaped by cultural factors. Each study iswritten by a multidisciplinary team ofsocial scientists. The authors seek to provide a basic understanding of the observed society, striving for a dynamic rather than a static portrayal. Particular attention is devoted to the people who make upthe society, theirorigins, dominantbeliefsandvalues, theircom- mon interests and the issues on which they are divided, the nature andextentoftheirinvolvementwithnationalinstitutions, and their attitudes toward each other and toward their social system and political order. The books represent the analysis ofthe authors and should not be construed as an expression ofan official United States govern- ment position, policy, or decision. The authors have sought to adhere to accepted standards ofscholarly objectivity. Corrections, additions, and suggestions for changes from readers will be wel- comed for use in future editions. Louis R. Mortimer Chief Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 iii Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions ofthe writers ofthe 1980 edition ofCyprus: A Country Study, edited by Frederica M. Bunge. Portions of their work were incorporated into this volume. The authors are grateful to individuals invarious United States government agencies and international, diplomatic, and private institutions who gave oftheir time, research materials, expertise, and photographs in the production ofthis book. Special thanks are owed to the Embassy ofCyprus and the Turkish Cypriot Office, both in Washington, D.C. Thanks are also due to Ralph K. Benesch, who oversees the areahandbook program forthe Depart- ment oftheArmy. The authors also wish to thank members ofthe Federal Research Division staff who contributed directly to the preparation ofthe manuscript. These people include Sandra W. Meditz, who reviewed all drafts and served asliaisonwith the spon- soringagency; and Marilyn L. Majeska, whomanagededitingand book production. Also involved in preparingthe textwere editorial assistants Bar- baraEdgerton and IzellaWatson; Duncan M. Brown, who edited chapters; Cissie Coy, who performed the prepublicationeditorial re- view; andJoan C. Cook, who compiled the index. Linda Peterson and Malinda B. Neale ofthe Library ofCongress ComposingUnit prepared the camera-ready copy under the supervision of Peggy Pixley. Graphicswere prepared by David P. Cabitto, who also designed the volume's cover. Gail Oring designed the illustrations on each chapter's title page. David P. Cabitto, Harriet R. Blood, and the firm ofGreenhorne andO'Marapreparedthemaps fromTim Mer- rill's drafts. v