Cyclic and Lexical Phonology: The Structure of Polish

268 Pages·1984·37.525 MB·English

by  Jerzy Rubach

Cyclic and
Lexical Phonology
Studies in Generative Grammar
The goal of this series is to publish those texts that are
representative of recent advances in the theory of formal
grammar.
Too many studies do not reach the public they deserve because of
the depth and detail that make them unsuitable for publication in
article form.
We hope that the present series will make these studies available
to a wider audience than has hitherto been possible.
Editors:
Jan Koster
Henk van Riemsdijk
Other books in this series:
1. Wim Zonneveld
A Formal Theory of Exceptions in Generative Phonology
2. PieterMuysken
Syntactic Developments in the Verb Phrase of Ecuadorian Quechua
3. Geert Booij
Dutch Morphology
4. Henk van Riemsdijk
A Case Study in Syntactic Markedness
5. Jan Koster
Locality Principles in Syntax
6. PieterMuysken (ed.)
Generative Studies on Creole Languages
7. Anneke Neijt
Gapping
8. ChristerPlatzack
The Semantic Interpretation of Aspect and Aktionsarten
9. Noam Chomsky
Lectures on Government and Binding
10. Robert May and Jan Koster (eds.)
Levels of Syntactic Representation
11. Luigi Rizzi
Issues in Italian Syntax
12. Osvaldo Jaeggli
Topics in Romance Syntax
13. Hagit Borer
Parametric Syntax
14. Denis Bouchard
On the Content of Empty Categories
15. Hilda Koopman
The Syntax of Verbs
16. Richard S. Kayne
Connectedness and Binary Branching
Jerzy Rubach
Cyclic and
Lexical Phonology
The Structure of Polish
1984
FORIS PUBLICATIONS
Dordrecht - Holland/Cinnaminson - U.S.A.
Published by:
Foris Publications Holland
P.O. Box 509
3300 AM Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Sole distributor for the U.S.A. and Canada:
Foris Publications U.S.A.
P.O. Box C-50
Cinnaminson N.J. 08077
U.S.A.
CIP-GEGEVENS
Rubach, Jerzy
Cyclic and Lexical Phonology. The Structure of Polish / Jerzy Rubach. - Dordrecht : Foris
Publications. - (Studies in generative grammar ; 17)
With ref.
ISBN 90 6765 0129 bound
ISBN 90 6765 Oil 0 pbk.
SISO pool 837.2 UDC 808.4-4
Subject heading : phonology; Polish linguistics.
ISBN 90 6765 012 9 (Bound)
ISBN 90 6765 Oil 0 (Paper)
© 1984 Foris Publications - Dordrecht.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission from the copyright owner.
Printed in the Netherlands by ICG Printing, Dordrecht.
To Maryna

Contents
Foreword XI
Symbols and abbreviations XIII
Chapter 1: Theoretical background 1
1.1. Goals of the book 1
1.2. The standard theory (SPE) 1
1.3. The standard theory modified: Kiparsky's Alternation Condi-
tion 7
1.4. Cyclic phonology 11
1.5. Cyclic phonology and the Revised Alternation Condition .. 17
1.6. Formal properties of cyclic rules 17
1.7. The role of the lexicon 17
Chapter 2: Polish phonology and morphology: some preliminaries ... 21
2.1. Polish orthography 21
2.2. Inventory of underlying segments 23
2.2.1. Consonants 23
2.2.2. Vowels 27
2.3. Major rules of Polish phonology 30
2.4. Verb morphology 35
2.4.1. Verb stems 35
2.4.2. Derived verbal forms 36
2.4.3. Derived Imperfective 37
2.4.4. Present tense 38
2.4.5. Preterite 39
2.5. Some nominal and adjectival suffixes 40
2.5.1. Diminutive 40
2.5.2. Yer inflectional suffixes 41
2.5.3. Masculine nominative plural 41
2.5.4. The nominalizing suffix -stw- 42
2.5.5. Adjectival -sk- and -n- 42
2.5.6. Gender suffixes 43
2.6. Assignment of cyclic bracketing 44
VIII Contents
Chapter 3: The status of loanwords in phonological theory and the
treatment of exceptions 49
3.1. Nativization 49
3.2. Etymological borrowings 51
3.3. Folk etymology 53
3.4. The treatment of exceptions 55
3.5. Guide to the organization of further analysis 57
Chapter 4: Palatalization of coronal consonants 59
4.0. Guide 59
Part A: Basic principles of cyclic phonology 59
4.1. Coronal Palatalization 59
4.4.1. Introduction 59
4.1.2. The SPE framework 60
4.1.3. Basic generalization: evidence for the cyclic status .. 61
4.1.4. Formalization of the rule 68
4.1.5. The problem of abstractness 75
4.2. lotation: evidence for the Strict Cyclicity Principle 75
4.3. Word formation rules and phonological rules: the imperative 85
4.4. ./-deletion 92
4.5. Vowel deletion 97
4.6. Gliding 101
Part B: Further descriptive implications 101
4.7. Noncontinuant Depalatalization 101
Chapter 5: Velar consonants and nasal vowels 109
5.0. Guide 109
Part A: Further evidence for rule cyclicity and the problem of ab-
stractness 110
5.1. First Velar 110
5.2. Affricate Palatalization 115
5.3. Spirantization 119
5.4. Second Velar 121
5.5. The abstractness controversy 127
5.6. Nasal vowels 130
5.6.1. The problem 130
5.6.2. Surface facts and surface generalizations 133
5.6.3. Vowel Shift 135
5.6.4. The nouns 144
5.6.5. Residual problems 147
5.6.6. Conclusion 147
Contents IX
Part B: Other cyclic rules 148
5.7. Strident Palatalization 148
5.8. Fronting 151
Chapter 6: Labio-velar Palatalization and Lower 165
6.0. Guide 165
6.1. Basic facts 166
6.2. Surface labial palatalization: the Strict Cyclicity conditions
combined 167
6.3. Surface velar palatalization: rule cyclicity and recent grammat-
ical change 174
6.4. Lower: evidence for the cycle 184
Chapter 7: Postcyclic rules and the predictions of cyclic phonology .. 193
7.0. Guide 193
Part A: Rules and predictions 194
7.1. Nasal Palatal Assimilation and the predictions for phonologi-
cal interference 194
7.2. Liquid spell-out rules 198
7.3. Retraction and the predictions for the assimilation of borrow-
ings 201
7.4. Regressive Devoicing: postcyclic neutralization rules 206
Part B: Further postcyclic rules 208
7.5. Prevocalic Deletion 209
7.6. Feature Adjustment 211
Chapter 8: From cyclic to lexical phonology 215
8.0 Guide 215
8.1. Morphological and phonological derivation: a change in the
model 215
8.2. The Elsewhere Condition and lexical identity rules 217
8.3. Strict Cyclicity and derivational levels 219
8.4. Prosodic phonology in the lexical model 221
8.4.1. Strict Cyclicity 221
8.4.2. The prosodic hierarchy 223
8.5. Incompatibility of the morphological and the phonological
derivation 224
8.6. Vowel Shift: a syllable oriented revision 229
Chapter 9: Cyclic and lexical phonology: results and prospects 233
Summary of rules 241
References 247