C Y B O R G B A B I E S C Y B O R G B A B I E S From Techno-Sex to Techno-Tots edited by Robbie Davis-Floyd and Joseph Dumit Routledge New York and London Published in 1998 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE Copyright © 1998 by Routledge Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The editors gratefully acknowledge permission to reprint previously published material here. Rayna Rapp’s essay, “Refusing Prenatal Diagnosis,” originally appeared in Science, Technology and Human Values 23 (1): 45–70, Winter 1998. Copyright © Science, Technology and Human Values. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cyborg babies : from techno-sex to techno-tots / edited by Robbie Davis-Floyd and Joseph Dumit, with a foreword by Donna Haraway. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-91603-8 (hc). — ISBN 0-415-91604-6 (pbk.) 1. Human reproductive technology—Social aspects. 2. Human reproductive technology—Moral and ethical aspects. 3. Cyborgs. I. Davis-Floyd, Robbie. II. Dumit, Joseph. RG133.5.C9 1998 176—dc21 97-44516 CIP To our own cyborg babies—Peyton, Jason, and Andrew. contents introduction Cyborg Babies Children of the Third Millenium joseph dumit and robbie davis-floyd 1 cyborg conceptions part one one Constructing a “Good Catch,” Picking a Winner The Development of Technosemen and the Deconstruction of the Monolithic Male matthew schmidt and lisa jean moore 21 two “Quit Sniveling, Cryo-Baby. We’ll Work Out Which One’s Your Mama!” charis m. cussins 40 three Witches, Nurses, Midwives, and Cyborgs IVF, ART, and Complex Agency in the World of Technobirth steven mentor 67 four Natural Love janet isaacs ashford 90 the techno-fetus part two five Baby’s First Picture The Cyborg Fetus of Ultrasound Imaging lisa m. mitchell and eugenia georges 105 six The Fetus as Intruder Mother’s Bodies and Medical Metaphors emily martin 125 seven Refusing Prenatal Diagnosis The Uneven Meanings of Bioscience in a Multicultural World rayna rapp 143 eight Babies Don’t Feel Pain A Century of Denial in Medicine david b. chamberlain 168 machines and mothers: part three postmodern pregnancy, cyborg birth nine “Native” Narratives of Connectedness Surrogate Motherhood and Technology elizabeth f. s. roberts 193 ten Living with the “Truths” of DES Toward an Anthropology of Facts joseph dumit withsylvia sensiper 212 eleven The Logic of Heartbeats Electronic Fetal Monitoring and Biomedically Constructed Birth elizabeth cartwright 240 twelve From Technobirth to Cyborg Babies Reflections on the Emergent Discourse of a Holistic Anthropologist robbie davis-floyd 255 techno-toys and techno-tots part four thirteen Growing Up Cyborg Developmental Stories for Postmodern Children jennifer l. croissant 285 fourteen Inhabiting Multiple Worlds Making Sense of SimCity 2000TMin the Fifth Dimension mizuko ito 301 fifteen Cyborg Babies and Cy-Dough-Plasm Ideas about Self and Life in the Culture of Simulation sherry turkle 317 sixteen Children of Metis: Beyond Zeus the Creator Paganism and the Possibilities for Embodied Cyborg Childraising anne hill 330 notes on contributors 345 index 349