Current topics in photosynthesis: Dedicated to Professor L.N.M. Duysens on the occasion of his retirement PDF
Preview Current topics in photosynthesis: Dedicated to Professor L.N.M. Duysens on the occasion of his retirement
CURRENT TOPICS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS III Current topics in photosynthesis Dedicated to Professor L.N.M. Duysens on the occasion of his retirement edited by 1. AMESZ, A.l. HOFF and H.l. VAN GORKUM Department oj Biophysics State University oj Leiden Leiden, The Netherlands Reprinted from Photosynthesis Research, Volume 9, Numbers ]-2 1986 MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LANCASTER Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited, Falcon House, Queen Square, Lancaster LA1 1RN, UK for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8463-5 e-ISBN :978-94-009-4412-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-4412-1 Copyright © 1986 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t Edition 1986 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Table of contents Foreword vii FRENCH, C.S.: Introduction ix ANTENNAE SHUBIN, V.V., KARAPETYAN, N.Y. and KRASNOVSKY, A.A.: Molecular arrangement of pigment-protein complexes of photo- system I [1] GOLEN, D., KNOX, R. and BRETON, J.: Optical effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment of the isolated light harvesting complex of higher plants [11 ] SCHERZ, A. and PARSON, W.W.: Interactions of the bacteriochloro- phylls in antenna bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes of photo- synthetic bacteria [19] VAN DORSSEN, R.I., VASMEL, H. and AMESZ, J.: Pigment organi- zation and energy transfer in the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. II. The chlorosome [31] REACTION CENTERS SETIF, P. and MATHIS, P.: Photosystem-I photochemistry: A new kinetic phase at low temperature [45] VAN GORKOM, H.I., MEIBURG, R.F. and de VOS, L.I.: Thermo- dynamics of the charge recombination in photosystem II [53] MURATA, N., ARAKI, S., FUJITA, Y., SUZUKI, K., KUWABARA, T. and MATHIS, P.: Stoichiometric determination of pheophytin in photosystem II of oxygenic photosynthesis [61 ] SAYGIN, 0., GERKEN, S., MEYER, B. and WITT, H.T.: Total re covery of 02 evolution and nanosecond reduction kinetics of chlorophyll-ail (P-680+) after inhibition of water cleavage with acetate [69] CLELAND, R.E., MELIS, A. and NEALE, P.I.: Mechanism of photo inhibition: Photochemical reaction center inactivation in system II of chloroplasts [77] LOUS, E.I. and HOFF, A.I.: Triplet-minus-singlet absorbance differ ence spectra of reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaer oides R-26 in the temperature range 24· -290 K measured by Mag- neto Optical Difference Spectroscopy (MODS) [87] ELECTRON TRANSPORT PADHYE, S.,KAMBARA, T.,HENDRICKSON,D.N. and GOVINDJEE: Manganese-histidine cluster as the function center of the water oxidation complex in photosynthesis [101] v vi JOLlOT, P. and JOLlOT, A.: Mechanism of proton-pumping in the cytochrome b/f complex [111] GHANOTAKIS, D.F., YOCUM, C.F. and BABCOCK, G.T.: ESR spectroscopy demonstrates that cytochrome bss9 remains low potential in Ca2+- reactivated, salt-washed PS II particles [123] MYERS, J.: Photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport in a cyanobacterium [133 J SYBESMA, C., SCHOWANEK, D., SLOOTEN, L. and WALRAVENS, N.: Anoxygenic photosynthetic hydrogen production and electron transport in the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica [147] VAN DER WAL, H.N., GORTER, P.Y. and VAN GRONDELLE, R.: Oxidation of cytochrome C2 by photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in vivo. Effect of viscosity on the rate of reaction (157] OVERFIELD, R.E. and WRAIGHT, C.A.: Photooxidation of mito chondrial cytochrome c by isolated bacterial reaction centers: Evidence for tight-binding and diffusional pathways. [165] WYNN, R.M., GAUL, D.F.,WON-KI CHOI, SHAW, R.W. and KNAFF, D.B.: Isolation of cytochrome bCl ·complexes from the photo synthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodospirillum rubrum (179J FORSTER, V. and JUNGE, W.: On the action of hydroxylamine, hydrazine and their derivatives on the water-oxidizing complex [195] MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND ION TRANSPORT VAN KOOTEN, 0., SNEL, J.F.H. and VREDENBERG, W.J.: Photo synthetic free energy transduction related to the electric potential changes across the thylakoid membrane [209] FALUDI-DANIEL, A., MUSTARDY, L.A., VASS, I. and KISS, J.G.: Energization and ultrastructural pattern of thylakoids formed under periodic illumination followed by continuous light [227] BARBER, J. and GOUNARIS, K.: What role does sulpholipid play within the thylakoid membrane? [237] EVOLUTION OLSON, J.M. and PIERSON, BK.: Photosynthesis 3.5 thousand million years ago [249] METHODS SCHREIBER, U.: Detection of rapid induction kinetics with a new type of high-frequency modulated chlorophyll fluorometer [259] LAVOREL, J.: A Mop.te-Carlo method for the simulation of kinetic models [271] Foreword Four decades ago, when Lou Duysens was about to start his work on fluo rescence and energy transfer in photosynthesis that would lead to his thesis [1], very little was known about the molecular mechanisms of photosyn thesis, certainly from our present-day point of view. However, this state of affairs would rapidly change in the ensuing years by the introduction of modern physical and biochemical techniques. Especially the field of optical spectroscopy, on which the work of Duysens had such a significant impact, has proved to be one of the most fruitful techniques in the study of primary processes and electron transfer reactions in photosynthesis. Duysens' thesis established the role of energy transfer in photosynthesis and also showed for the first time the existence in photosynthetic bacteria of light-induced absorbance changes of what is now known as the primary electron donor P-870. Subsequent studies by the same method demonstrated the photo-oxidation of cytochromes, both in bacteria [2] and in algae [3,4] and of the absorbance changes [3] that were later found to be due to electro chromic band shifts of antenna pigments. Measurements of cyto chrome kinetics in light of various wavelengths led to the concept of two photosystems in green plant photosynthesis [5], whereas a study of the factors affecting the fluorescence yield of chlorophyll gave the first infor mation on the electron acceptor Q of photo system II [6]. Research in many laboratories all over the world has led to an under standing of primary and secondary processes in photosynthesis and of the structure of the photosynthetic membrane that is vastly more detailed than could have been envisaged 40 years ago. This is well illustrated by this special issue on the occasion of Lou Duysens' retirement, which we hope will give an impression of the present status of research. As editors of this issue of Photosynthesis Research we are very grateful to our colleagues - many of which at one time or another worked at the Leiden laboratory for some months or years - for their contributions. We are much indebted to the Editors of Photosynthesis Research, Prof. Govindjee and Dr. R. Marcelle who endorsed our plans, and to Ir. A.C. Plaizier of Martinus Nijhoff Publishers for his kind help. The Editors, J. Amesz A.J. Hoff H.J. van Gorkom References 1. Duysens LNM (1952) Doctoral thesis, University of Utrecht vii viii 2. Duysens LNM (1954) Nature 173:692 3. Duysens LNM (1954) Science 120:353-354 4. Duysens LNM (1955) Science 121:210-211 5. Duysens LNM, Amesz J and Kamp BM (1961) Nature 190:510-511 6. Duysens LNM and Sweers HE (1963) In 'Studies on Microalgae and Photosyn thetic Bacteria', Special Issue Plant Cell Physiol, pp 353-372. Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press Introduction A major event in the history of photosynthesis research was the establish ment of the Biophysical Research Group in Utrecht with support of the Rockefeller Foundation about 1935. This group was initiated by Prof. AJ. Kluyver, the Delft microbiolOgist, and Prof. Ornstein of the Physics Depart ment at Utrecht to combine expertise in both biology and physics. This group, directed by Prof. Wassink and later by Prof. Thomas, produced an abundance of top quality research and also trained very distinguished scien tists. One of these, Prof. Louis l~.M. Duysens, whose impending retirement is the occasion for this volume, has indeed more than fulft11ed the hopes of the Utrecht Group's founders by his distinguished research career and pro ductive leadership of the Biophysical laboratory at Leiden. Because Lou Duysens had been thoroughly trained in basic physics he was able to think clearly in mathematical terms about biological problems even as a graduate student. Starting with studies of energy transfer between photosynthetic pigments, Duysens' 1952 Utrecht thesis clearly presented the basic optics of cell suspensions. The concluding part of that thesis re ported the ingenious measurement of very small changes of absorption induced by light or by chemical treatment in photosynthetic bacteria. Such measurements of absorption changes have become widely used in many laboratories and have made possible the chemical identification of many intermediate steps in the process of photosynthesis. One of his discoveries when he came as a postdoctoral fellow to the Carnegie Institution was to find an absorption change at 515 nm in Chlorella. The challenge to explain this electrochromic change and its usefulness in studies of photosynthesis is attested by the numerous papers that have appeared on this subject since then. In the red alga Porphyridium cruentum Duysens and Amesz and Kamp found the 420 nm absorption change of cytochrome-f to indicate its oxi dation by illumination at 680 nm, light absorbed by chlorophyll, and its reduction by 562 nm, light absorbed by phycoerythrin. They proposed the names system 1 and system 2 for these two separately acting groups of pigments which has become universally used. Studies of chlorophyll fluor escence, of absorption changes, and of energy transfer in photosynthetic organisms has been a continuing activity in Duysens laboratory. Photo synthetic bacteria and red or blue green algae, each with their own pigment systems, have been used as well as green algae and leaf chloroplasts through out his career. The general principles of photochemical energy conversion ix x have been elucidated by selection of the most suitable organism for each investigation. As this volume will show Duysens' efforts have been out standingly successful in this competitive field of worldwide interest. Department of Plant Biology C. Stacy French Carnegie Institution of Washington Stanford, CA 94305, USA [l] Molecular arrangement of pigment-protein complex of photosystem 1 V.V. SHUBIN, N.V. KARAPETYAN and A.A. KRASNOVSKY A.N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117071, USSR (Received 25 June 1985) Key words: light-harvesting complex (pea); cPU, optical absorption, linear dichroism, chroism, protein secondary structure Abstract. The circular dichroism (CD) method was applied to study the molecular organization of P700, antenna chlorophyll and protein of photo system 1 complexes (CPl), isolated from chloroplasts under mild treatment with Triton X-100. Analysis of CD spectra and protein: chlorophyll: P700 ratios for CP1 complexes that were differ ent in their chlorophyll content indicate that CP1 preparations can be considered as a mixture of CP1-RC, containing P700 (10-20%), and CPI-LH without P700 (80-90%). Both types of complexes contain approximately 25 chlorophyll molecules, and the destruction of their spatial organization with detergents represents a cooperative tran sition. The rate of chlorophyll destruction in CPI-LH is much higher than that in CPI RC. In both complexes a 65 kDa polypeptide predominates, whose secondary structure (typical for 01./13 proteins) is stable to Triton X-100 and does not depends on the chloro phyll content. Chlorophyll seems to be grouped in clusters (5-7 molecules) in the hydrophobic cores of 2-3 parallel 01./13 domains of the 65 kDa protein. Only one of the clusters in CPI-RC includes P700; on P700 photooxidation the change of its inter action with the nearest pigment environment results in a complicated shape of the light induced CD spectra. Abbreviations PSI, photosystem I; CPI pigment-protein complex of PSI; Chi, chlorophyll a; CPI-140, CPI with ratio Chl:P700 140; RC, reaction center; LH, light harvesting pigment; CPI-RC, CPI, containing P700; CPI-LH, CPI without P700 (containing LH); CD, circular dichroism; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Introduction It is generally accepted that the primary photosynthetic reactions take place in the reaction centers (RC) of photosystems of green plants and photo synthetic bacteria. The suggestion [5, 10] that only a part of Chi is photo chemically active anticipated the discovery of the RC. Bacterial RC can be isolated in purified state and crystallized, whereas the RC's of green plants con tain a large amount of antenna Chi. Difficulties in isolation and crystallization Dedicated to Prof. L.N.M. Duysens on the occasion of his retirement 3
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